Transcript Types of Imagine & Uses - Mukwonago Area School District

TYPES OF IMAGINE & USES
Fluoroscopy
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Technique for obtaining “live”
X-ray images of a living
patient
What systems most commonly
used for?
Often used to observe the
digestive track
Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
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Examination of the kidney, ureters and bladder
Uses a contrast material to enhance the images
Injected into the patients system; progresses through
the urinary track then recorded on a series of
quickly captured images
Enables the radiologist to review the anatomy and
the function of the KUB
IVP Machine
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Suspended above the table an apparatus
containing the x-ray tube
Apparatus moves on a jointed “arm” so that it can
be properly positioned
Radiologist can assess abnormalities as well as how
quickly and efficiently as the patients system is able
to handle waste
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
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Diagnostic examination that involves the acquisition
of physiologic images based on the detection
Heart: blood flow & heart disease, Decreased
function.
Brain: evaluate memory disorders & causes, tumors,
seizure disorders.
Ultrasound
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Or ultrasonography
Medical imagine technique that uses high frequency
sound waves the their echoes
Similar to an echolocation used by bats,
whales/dolphins & SONAR
In an Ultrasound, the following happen:
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Ultrasound machine transmits high frequency sound
pules into the body using a probe
Sound waves travel into your body and hit a
boundary between tissues; fluid, soft tissue, &
bone
Some of the sound waves get reflected back to the
probe, while some travel further until they reach
another boundary and get reflected
In an Ultrasound, the following happen:
4. Reflected waves are picked up by the probe and
relayed to the machine
5. The machine calculates the distance form the
probe to the tissue or organ using the speed of
sound in tissue and the time of each echo’s return
6. Machine then displays the distances and
intensities of the echoes on the screen, forming a
two dimensional image
Ultrasound Machine
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Typical ultrasound, millions of pulses and echoes are sent
and received each second
Probe can be moved to obtain various views
 Transducer Probe: sends and receives the sound waves
 Central Processing Unit: CPU, computer that does all
the calculations; supplies electrical power to probe
 Transducer Pulse Controls: changes the amplitude,
frequency and duration of the pulses emitted from the
probe
 Display: displays image from the data in the CPU
 Keyboard: inputs data and takes measurements from
display
Different types of Ultrasounds
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Ultrasounds thus far display a two dimensional
image or “slice” of the three dimensional object
Two other types of ultrasounds are currently used:
3D Ultrasound Imagine & Doppler Ultrasound
3D Ultrasound
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In these machines, several two dimensional images are
acquired by moving the probes across the body surface
or rotating inserted probes
The 2D scans are then combined by specialized
computer software to form a #D image
Benefits?
Better look at organ: early detection of tumors
Visualizing a fetus to assess its development;
abnormalities in face and limbs
Blood flow in organs or fetus
Problems?
Doppler Ultrasound
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Measures the change in frequency of the echoes to
calculate how fast an object is moving
Used mostly to measure the rate of blood flow
thorough the heart and arteries
Dangers?
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Concerns with safety as Ultrasound is energy
Two major concerns:
- Development of Heart: tissue absorbs the energy
which increases their temperature locally
- Formation of bubbles: when dissolved gases
come out of solution due to local heat caused by
ultrasound
No substantiated ill-effects of ultrasound
documented