Transcript Do Now - Chemistry

DO NOW
Before the bell rings
• Pick up today’s
handouts
• Get your interactive
notebook
• In your seat
• Place your Half-Life
homework on your
desk with your name
on it
After the bell
• Respond to the
following:
“Problems are not
stop signs, they are
guidelines.”
-Robert Schuller
AGENDA
 Do Now (5 min)

Upcoming: Unit 2 Test
Warm Up (5 min)
Notes: Fission, fusion, decay
(20 min)
 Javelin Throw (40 min)
Independent Practice (15
min)
 Exit Slip (5 min)
Closeout (2 min)
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY:
FISSION, FUSION & DECAY
Objectives:
1. Describe the four fundamental forces of the atom.
2. Compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion.
3. Distinguish between alpha, beta and gamma particles.
GUIDING QUESTION
• Should we continue to study nuclear
energy?
WARM –UP:
How?
• C – Level 1-2,
amongst group
• H – Raise hand
• A – Discuss prompt
• M – None
• P –Recording
responses on left
page, discussing with
group
What?
1. How much of a
500g sample of
potassium-42 is left
after 62 hours if the
half-life of
potassium-42 is 12.4
hours?
2. How many Half-lives
have gone by?
4
FUNDAMENTAL
FORCES OF
NATURE
1. Gravity: Weakest, very long
range for masses much larger
than 2 individual atoms
2. Electromagnetic: Very long
range, helps structure of atoms
and molecules, helps motion of
electrically charged particles,
helps with light’s interaction
with matter
3. Strong Force: Short range, very
powerful, hold nucleus
together
4. Weak Force: Short range,
responsible for nuclear decay
TYPES OF NUCLEAR
REACTIONS
Fission
• Large elements break down
into smaller elements to
release energy
Think of a
fissure
Fusion
• Smaller elements combine
into larger elements to
release energy
Think of
fusing things
together
NUCLEAR FISSION
Advantages
• Clean alternative
energy source
• Creates lots of
energy
• Used for nuclear
bombs
Disadvantages
• Used for nuclear
bombs
• Can cause radiation
• Reactor accidents
are dangerous
(Meltdowns)
• Limited fuel supply
(Uranium and
Plutonium)
NUCLEAR FUSION
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Creates even more
energy
• Lots of fuel supply
(Hydrogen)
• No radiation
• No risk of reactor
accidents
• Used for Hydrogen
bombs (8x more
powerful than
atomic bombs)
• Technology for
clean energy hasn’t
been developed yet
• It will require
money and
research
SO, WHAT
EXACTLY IS
RADIATION?
Question: What
are the two
strongest forces
in nature?
• Radioactivity refers to the particles
which are emitted from nuclei as a
result of nuclear instability.
• Because the nucleus experiences
the intense conflict between the
two strongest forces in nature, it
should not be surprising that there
are many nuclear isotopes which
are unstable and emit some kind
of radiation.
RADIOACTIVE
DECAY
Parent
Isotope
(Unstable)
Daughter Product
(Stable)
α, β, or γ
particle
• Types of Radioactive Decay
1. Alpha decay: Produces an
alpha particle as a result
2. Beta Decay: Produces a
beta particle as a result
3. Gamma Decay: Produces
a gamma particle as a
result
There is also a positron
emission  But we
won’t discuss it
• Side note: your TV produces beta particles…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HOW TO SOLVE DECAY
PROBLEMS
Express the isotope as a symbol (if necessary)
Set up the equation
Identify the total mass of each individual side
The difference in masses will be the mass of the missing element.
Complete steps 3 and 4 for the total protons
Identify the missing element
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
1.
Express the isotope as a symbol
• Plutonium-240
– Atomic mass = 240
– Atomic number = 94
Atomic mass
?
Pu
94
?
240
Atomic number
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
2. Set up the equation
240
94 Pu
4
+
?
He
2
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
3. Identify the total mass of each individual side
240
94 Pu
Mass: 240
4
+
?
He
2
Mass: 4
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
4. The difference in masses will be the mass of the missing
element
4
240
+
He
2
94 Pu
Mass: 240
Mass:4
240-4 =
236
236
?
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
5. Complete the same steps for number of Protons
240
94
Pu
4
2
Protons: 94
94-2 = 92
236
92
Protons: 2
He +
?
• What is the daughter product for the
alpha decay of Plutonium-240?
6. Identify the missing element
• Atomic mass = 236
• Atomic number = 92
Atomic mass
236
92
Atomic number
U?
NOW YOU TRY ONE
6
3 Li
0
e
+ ?
-1
ACTIVITY: JAVELIN THROW
How?
• C – Level 1-2, on-task
discussion
• H – Raise hand
• A – Answering questions as a
small group
• M – None
• P – Recoding answers on
worksheet, head up, reading
and thinking through all
questions, discussing with
group
What?
• 30 minutes in small
groups
• Use your notes and
partner(s) to answer
all questions
EXIT SLIP
How?
• C – No talking
• H – Raise hand
• A – Taking exit
slip
• M – In seat
• P – Completing
exit slip without
notes and
turning in
What? (5 min)
• If you finish early,
summarize what you
learned at the bottom
of your notes OR
answer today’s guiding
question
Forgetting to
stretch is a
bear.
CLOSING
• What are 3 key takeaways
from today and yesterday?
• Complete the 3 Stretch
questions
• Review for your test next class
EXIT SLIP ANSWERS
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EXTRA PRACTICE PROBLEMS IF
NEEDED
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ANSWERS!
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EXTRA PRACTICE PROBLEMS IF
NEEDED
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ANSWERS!
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