Transcript Artificial Insemination

Artificial Insemination
History:
Arab chieftan tale
• Antony van Leeuwenhook, Dutch inventor
of the microscope, was the first person to
observe sperm under magnification.
In 1780, Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian
physiologist, was the first to record the
successful use of AI in his work
with dogs and is considered the
inventor of AI.
Ivanoff of Russia pioneered AI research in
birds, horses, cattle, and sheep in 1899.
He was the first to successfully inseminate
cattle artificially.
AI was first used on a large scale by Russia
to reestablish its livestock industry
following World War I and Britain used it
for the same purpose following World War
II.
Why AI?
1. Increase Production
2. Proves more sires
3. Eliminates danger and expense of keeping
bulls and total bulls needed
4. Helps control disease
5. Prolongs service life of sires
6. Reduces injury
7. Improves management with better record
keeping
8. Allows crossbreeding to be used to a max
9. Decreases overall sire costs
Why not AI?
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Human Detection of Heat
Requires a skilled tech
May be subject to abuses
May accentuate poor traits
The head is of great importance because
it contains the chromosomes (DNA).
The neck is short and contains the anterior
centromere.
The body is approximately the same
length as the head.
The lashing of the tail causes the
sperm to move.
Although minor differences occur in their
sizes, all spermatozoa are extremely small
(much smaller than the egg cells, or ova).
Methods of semen collection:
Artificial vagina
Electrical stimulation: Electrode in the
rectum
Collection
Massage of the Ampullae
insert the hand into the rectum and
massages the ampullae and accessory
glands, causing semen to drip from the
sheath.
• may be contaminated with urine and may
contain too much accessory gland
secretion for the number of sperm present.
Semen recovery from the vagina
the semen in the anterior vagina is
aspirated into a syringe by means of a
glass or rubber catheter introduced into
the vagina
Usually mixed with female secretions
Spreads disease quickly
Semen testing:
Dilute semen
Volume of Semen & Concentration Per Insemination
Species
Semen Dilution Ratio
Volume of Semen
Needed per Service
Number of Sperm
per Insemination
Bull
1:200
5 cc15
million
Stallion
-----
5-10 cc
250 million
Boar
1:8
50-100 cc
2 million
Ram
1:1
0.5 cc
50 million
AI equipment:
Semen straw: holds the semen; has an
end plugged with cotton and another
sealed end
Semen Tank
 Keeps semen frozen
at
-320 degrees F
 Canes: sit in canister
and hold straws
 Canister: holds canes
Tweezers: used to extract semen straws
out of canes and put in thaw box (need to
be plastic)
Thaw Box: fill with water and heat to 95
degrees F
Cito Straw Cutter: clips crimped the end of
the straw
Gun: holds the semen straw
Spiret: used to screw into sow’s vagina to
deposit semen
Sheath: protective covering
O-ring: holds sheath in place
Speculum: opens up the vagina to locate
the cervix
Other equipment needed:
Paper towels
Gloves
KY jelly