Transcript Slide 1
Chiefdom Development Planning as a Framework for Sustainable Rural Development
A Paper Presented at Regional Implementation Workshop for IFAD - Supported Projects and Programmes Prepared by: Norman, Dumsile and Jerry Venue: Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre
(Maputo)
Date: 15 November 2010
Presentation Outline
Background Land Tenure in Swaziland Adminstration of land in Swaziland Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land Access to land The need for a Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) The Process of CDP development The CDP lauch Challenges and Mitigation Measures Conclusion
Background
This presentation serves to provide information on the sustainable management of land and water to improve agriculture production through the use of the Chiefdom Development Plan (CDP) as a frame work for land use in the
Lower
Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project (LUSIP).
The goal of LUSIP is the reduction of poverty and sustained improvement in the standard of living of the population in the Project Development Area (PDA) through commercialization and intensification of agriculture
.
Land Tenure in Swaziland
Land Tenure in Swaziland is divided mainly into two:
Title Deed Land:
This is land in respect of which a person could have a title to it and could be sold and bonded
Swazi Nation Land:
This is land that is held in trust by the Ingwenyama (His Majesty the King) on behalf of the Swazi Nation. Section 211 of the Swaziland Constitution provides: “…All land (including any existing concession) in Swaziland, save as privately held title-deed land, shall continue to vest in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi Nation…” This is land that is mainly found in the rural area where the majority of Swazis live.
Administration of land in Swaziland
Swazi Nation land is administered by Chiefs, on behalf of His Majesty the King (Ingwenyama). The Swaziland Constitution in s.212, establishes the Land Management Board responsible for the overall management, and for the regulation of any right or interest in land whether urban or rural or vesting in Ingwenyama in trust for the Swazi nation. According to the Constitution, in performing its functions, the Board shall be accountable to Ingwenyama.
Acquisition of land under Swazi Nation Land
Swazis access land through the
Khonta (be given land)
system. The process followed under this custom is that, once a person has been accepted by the Inner Council (
Bandlancane)
to be allocated land in the community, he is required to pay a cow as a token of appreciation. The Inner Council representatives walk the boundary and tie a knot (
kubopha lifindvo
) Members of the community nearby the new site are also informed so that they can come to witness the allocation
Chief’s Advisory Council
Headman/ Indvuna Inner Council/ Bandlancane
Princes/ Bantfwab enkhosi CDC CDT BOMANGWANE/ Chief’s Runner Community Police COMMUNITY/ ETIGODZINI
CHIEFDOM COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE
Access to land
An unmarried woman cannot
khonta
(be given land) on her own. She can only be allowed to
khonta
through her male child This customary requirement has been found to be somewhat cumbersome for women. It is worth noting that unmarried men cannot also acquire land through
kukhonta
under Swazi Nation Land.
Section
20
and
28
of the Swaziland Constitution also clothe women with equality before the law
The need for a CDP
A CDP is a tool for community planning It is comprehensive in detailing how a particular community intends developing, and it sets out targets and timelines for such intended development It’s fundamental underlying principles are;
empowerment
,
self-reliance
,
responsivenes
s ,
partnership
,
accountability
,
transparency
,
equal participation
,
inclusiveness
,
responsibility
,
equity
,
efficiency
,
consensus building
and
representation
.
It empowers communities to effectively participate and support equitable fransformation processes
The Process of CDP development
Mobilization of community
(SDCs and CDC elected)
Identification of key stakeholders
(Government, NGOs, CBOs)
Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1 Conduct Training for transformation Level 2
(Vision, Mission Statement and objectives)
Conduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment Facilitate development of Local Economic Development Strategies
(Key strategic Focus areas and Objectives)
Compile Draft CDP and present to Traditional Authorities and community for approval/endorsement CDP Launch by Chief Facilitate marketing of launched CDP
Process cont...
Consultative meetings are held in each section where men, women and youth engage freely in discussions/dialogue in planning for their chiefdom Plans made at Chiefdom Section’s level are taken to the CDC for ratification and integration with other plans compiled from the other sections of the chiefdom The integrated plan is then presented to the chiefdom Traditional Authorities by the CDC The Inner Council, together with CDC, then presents the Draft CDP document to the Chief in Council for further and final endorsement The Chief calls a mass community meeting where the CDC Chairperson, through the Headman (Indvuna), presents the CDP Draft document to community members. In such a meeting, community members are given the opportunity to ask questions, add information, or get clarification on what is contained in the document.
The whole exercise takes
+92 days
dependant on the size of the chiefdom and sections, as well cooperation of the people and local leadership
THE CDP PROCESS
1. Introduction meetings 2. Community profiling 3. Elections of SDCS, CDCS by community
Mobilization (7 days)
Approved SDCs, CDCs & Communication structure 1. Workshop TA, CDC on the Draft Strategy 3. Design and print approved CDP document
Present Draft Plan/Strategy to TA for Approval (8 days)
Approved Strategies signed off by TA, Designed & printed 1. Prepare for Launch – agenda, venue, invitees & refreshments 2. Prepare posters, CDP booklets
Facilitate Launching of CDP (7days)
CDP Launched by Chief, Key stakeholders invited & booklets issued.
1. Identification of stakeholders 2. Contact stakeholders 3. Profiling stakeholders 4. Role definition
Identification of key Stakeholders (3 days )
Key Stakeholders list endorsed by SDCs , CDCs & TA .
Stakeholder analysis report 1. Compilation of strategies into a plan 2. Presentation to LUSIP Management for quality check up
Compile Draft CDP document (15 days)
Draft CDP document approved by LUSIP Management 1. Introduction to Sustainable Dev.
2. Group formation 3. Group dynamics 3. Communication 4. Conflict resolution 5. Leadership qualities 6. Decision making 7. Gender equality in development 8. Socio-economic rights 9. Management of meetings 10.Constitution development
Conduct Training for Transformation Level 1 (10days)
1. Introduction to CDP process (CD Planning Awareness) 2. Envisioning 3. CDP Development plan Trainees List & Certificates issued!
Training Report 1. Train task team on Local Economic Development (LED) strategies 2. Allocate Resources 3. Development of LED strategies and prioritize (rank) strategies 4. Workshop strategies to SDCs, CDC & Bucopho
Conduct Training for Transformation Level 2 (3days)
Vision & Mission Statements; Values & Objectives Accepted by TA & Trainees List and Task Team formed 1.Train Task Team on resource assessment 2. Conduct Resource Assessment (PRA) 3. Produce Reports & Maps 4. Present Assessment reports to SDCs, CDC, TA
Facilitate development of LED strategies (6 days)
Strategic Focus Areas endorsed by SDCs, CDCs & Bucopho
Conduct Participatory Community Resource Assessment (30 days)
Community Resource Assessment Current land-use map endorsed Report 1 . Workshop CDC, TA on project proposal writing, negotiations 2. Reporting on implementation of Plan
Facilitate marketing of launched CDP (3days)
Empowered SDCs, CDC, TAs on Proposal Writing, Project Implementation, Negotiations & Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation (Reporting)
Total # of days = +92 This is dependant on the size of the chiefdom & # of sections & cooperation of the people/ local leadership.
The CDP Launch
After the community’s endorsement, the CDP is launched by the Chief where key stakeholders are invited to attend The Chief endorses the CDP publicly The launch is significant in the sense that it provides opportunities for theTraditional Authorities to market/sell the Plan to potential Funders and targeted Government Ministries.
CDP Launch cont...
MADLENYA CDP LAUNCH – 27.03.10
SIGNED BY CHIEF MGWAGWA GAMEDZE
Challenges and Mitigation Measures
Challenges Mitigations
1. At section level, consultative meetings are sometimes poorly attended which delays development of CDP on time due to meetings being postponed CDC engage communities during week ends TA take lead in covening consultative meetings 2. Decentralization Act has not been passed 3. Land Policy is still a Draft, yet it is a framework for land management in Swazi Nation Land. Land Tenure Security status in Swaziland is a threat for rural businesses 4. There is no ‘clear driver’ of CDP at National Level. Decentralization Department is there, but has a challenge (in terms of capacity) in driving this initiative forward Lobby Parliamentarians for the passing of the Act since the Decentralization Policy is in place Lobby government to speed up the process of passing the long awaited Land Policy in order to bring into effect and review the relevant legislations related to land Lobby the newly established Land Management Board and Kings Advisory Council Lobby government to capacitate the Decentralization Department to take lead in CDP development/formulation
Challenges and Mitigation Cont…
Challenges
5. Swaziland is still at a learning curve in as far as CDP development is concerned. Decentralization Department is at teething stage, hence, there are insufficient Funds to implement the CDPs 6. Complex land tenure security
Mitigations
Source Funding to help implement the CDPs 7. Inadequate legislation relating to land Introduce the concept of Leasehold on Swazi Nation Land Capacitate Chiefs to lobby His Majesty King Mswati III on the land tenure security issue on SNL Create Stakeholder Forum to debate on Land Tenure Security Lobby Parliament for the enactment of pro development laws and policies Work with the office of Attorney General to fast track drafting of policies and legislations relating to development
Conclusion
The CDP approach, being bottom-up in nature is more ideal for sustainable development A CDP outlines a clear communication and leadership structure within the chiefdom It plays a paramount role in ensuring that the TA of that particular Chiefdom take a leading role in ensuring that the CDP is implemented The CDP is complementing government’s decentralization strategy, and is even more forward-looking because it gives the community members an opportunity to shape their own destiny There is a need for an adoption of a national rural development framework that will serve as a guide to all development initiatives in Swaziland The general consensus, among stakeholders, is that CDPs could be an ideal framework for sustainable rural development