Transcript Commercial Data Processing

Commercial Data Processing
Introduction
What is CDP
• Commercial Data
Processing is the
use of powerful
computer systems
to collect and
process large
volumes of data at
high speed.
Reasons for CDP Systems
They:
• Process large volumes of data
• Process data at high speeds
– Ability to search through a large number of
records quickly
• Have the ability to do repetitive tasks
without errors
• Process the data fast
• Ensure very accurate data
Management Information
• CDP provides the managers of companies
with information that can them with
decisions:
• Ordering Stock
• Sales
• Pricing Decisions
Advantages Over a Manual System
• Orders can be processed much more
quickly
• Errors are less likely because of the
checks built into the computer system
• Direct mailings can be done automatically
using a mail merge
• Maintaining contact with & information
about a large number customers
An Example
Glasgow Airport
• They process lots of data
– The BA computer system processes
thousands of pieces of data every second
• They handle repetitive tasks easily
– At peak periods the BA computer systems
check in thousands of passengers each day,
repeating the same process over and over
again
• They process data at high speeds
– Bags are checked in immediately the
bar code is entered
• They ensure very accurate data
– Aircraft positions an times are accurately
recorded by the computer system
• They offer instant access to the data
– Many authorised staff members in the airport
can see the data instantly. The data on
arrivals and departures is displayed to the
public on large display screens
• The computer system makes it possible
for:
– The airport to cope with the thousands of
people who travel on the planes
– The movement of the planes
– All the needs of the planes such as food and
fuel
– Dozens of airlines to use the airport
Lesson Objectives
• Learn about:
– Difference between data and
Information
– The Data Processing Cycle
– Data Collection and Preparation
Stage
– Data Input Stage
Recap – Reasons for CDP
They:
• Process large volumes of data
• Process data at high speeds
– Ability to search through a large number of
records quickly
• Have the ability to do repetitive tasks
without errors
• Process the data fast
• Ensure very accurate data
Data Vs Information
Data is a collection of
numbers, characters and
symbols that a computer
can use. It is meaningless to
humans unless an
explanation is given
e.g. 19.01.06
A date
e.g. 190106
What is it?
Information is data that is
in a form that means
something to humans.
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection
& Preparation
Data Output
Data Input
Data Processing &
Storage
The Data Processing Cycle
The 4 Stages:
• Data Collection and Preparation
• Data Input
• Data Processing and Storage
• Data Output
Data Collection & Preparation
• The first stage in the
• Scanning shopping at
data processing cycle
a supermarket
is to collect and
checkout
prepare the data so
• Clocking on at work
that the computer can • Filling in a form
understand it.
– Source document
• Data can be collected
in a variety of different
ways for example:
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection
& Preparation
Data Input
Data Input
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Magnetic stripes
Smartcards
Bar Codes
Mark Sense Cards
Magnetic Ink character recognition (MICR)
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Data Input:
Magnetic stripes
• Stripe of magnetic material on the
back of cards such as bank cards.
• Information is held on the magnetic
stripe.
• Simple, quick and accurate way to
enter account details.
• Relatively easy to forge
• To counter this forgery the
smartcard was developed…
Data Input:
Smartcards (Chip&Pin)
• Have a microchip & on-board memory
instead of using the magnetic stripe to
hold the information
• Holds a lot more data
and harder to forge than
magnetic stripes
Data Input:
Bar Codes
• A set of lines varying in widths that
represent a number
• They are read by passing a light pen or bar
code reader across them.
• Contain information about the product such
as: Item code, manufacturer, country of
origin, size, etc.
Data Input:
Mark Sense Cards
• Sheet that contains boxes
that a line is marked for a
choice.
• Good for multiple choice
options like the National
Lottery
Data Input:
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
• Uses magnetic ink to print information on
cheques
• Harder to forge than using normal ink
Lesson Objectives
• Learn about:
– Error Checking
– Interactive Processing
– Backup & Updating
– Files, Records & Fields
– Data Output
Recap – Reasons for CDP
• Process large volumes of data
• Process data at high speeds
• Repetitive tasks without errors
• Process the data fast
• Ensure very accurate data
Recap – Data Input
• Magnetic stripes
• Smartcards
• Bar Codes
• Mark Sense Cards
• MICR
Data Input:
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• Optical Character Reader
recognises letters and
characters.
• With special software a
scanner can do OCR
• Widely used by the Post Office
to sort mail.
Error Checking
Ensuring the data entered is correct
Types:
–Validation
• Check Digit
• Range check
• Length check
–Verification
• Enter it twice
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection
& Preparation
Data Input
Data Processing &
Storage
• File
– Organised collection of related data
• Record
– A group of related data items that could
be considered as one unit
• Fields
– One bit of information within a record
Data Processing & Storage
• Interactive Processing
– Computer system process the data
immediately it is entered
– The results are then fed back to the users
immediately
• Updating
– When a file is changed then it is updated
• Backup
– At least one spare copy of the data should be
kept
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection
& Preparation
Data Output
Data Input
Data Processing &
Storage
Data Output
• Paper
– Bills
– Statements
– Tickets
• Screen
– Online bills
– Information screens
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Collection
& Preparation
Data Output
Data Input
Data Processing &
Storage
Lesson Objectives
• Learn about:
– E-Commerce
– EFT / EPOS
– Job Types
– Economic Implications
– Security & Privacy
E-Commerce
• Using networks to buy and sell products
& services
• Shopping online
– EBay, Amazon, Tesco, etc
• Online banking
– Allows you to keep track of accounts
EFT/EPOS
• Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
– A way of paying for goods without using cash
– The amount of money is transferred directly
from your bank to the shop’s bank account
• Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS)
– Computerised system that collects data from
checkout
EFTPOS
• Advantages
– Less cash so less chance for theft
• Better for both customer & business
– Less paperwork
• Disadvantages
– Expensive to install
– Easy to overspend when not using cash
Effects on Business
New jobs are have been created since
computers became used for CDP that didn’t
exist before.
Job Types & Careers
Programmer
Systems Analyst
Engineer
Network Manager
Computer Operator
Systems Analyst
Looks at the manual tasks carried out by
a company and decides whether these
would be better or even possible by using
computers instead.
Programmer
• When the System Analyst is finished they
consult with the Programmer to discussed
requirements
• The Programmer then
writes the code for the
programs required.
Engineer / Technician
• The person responsible
for the maintenance
and repairs of all the
equipment.
Network Manager
• Controls who has access
to network
• Controls installation
of software &
hardware
Computer Operator
• This person is involved with the day to
day running of the complete computer
system.
• They run the programs that process the
data previously input.
Economic Implications
• Initial Cost
– Buying & setting up the system is
expensive
• Running Cost
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Paper,
ink,
Electricity,
Maintenance
Security & Privacy
• Information must be accurate & up to date
• Files must be kept private
• Sale of mailing lists
– Companies can sell the customer details to
other companies
– The person must be told and must give
permission for their information to be passed
on.
Task
• Answer questions pg 193 of book
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Foundation KU
Foundation PS
General KU
General PS - 4-11
Lesson Objectives
• Learn about:
– E-Commerce
– EFT / EPOS
– Job Types
– Economic Implications
– Security & Privacy