Transcript Chapter 11 – Industrial Inventions early 1800s

Chapter 12 –
Industrial
Inventions early
1800s
Notice how the development of each
invention of the early 1800s affected the
young nation.
Causes of the Industrial
Revolution in the U.S.
• Embargo Act – Why?
• Large labor force – Why?
• Geography – Why?
• Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.
o Shift from simple tools to machines
o Shift from natural to artificial sources of power
o Shift from regional to nationwide distribution
The Spinning Jenny &
Power Loom – SAMUEL SLATER
Textile mills brought many workers & machines like these under one
roof in factories powered by water wheels. People left farms for cities
and created the growth of many towns in New England near rivers to
turn the water wheels.
Textile mills like Francis Lowell’s in Massachusetts
helped the growth of small towns in N. England
The Factory System
• Workers and machines came together under one
roof, usually near a source of water to power the
machines.
• Work gradually began to leave the home and go to
the factories of the U.S.
• What grows?
• Cities, governments, populations, crime, pollution
…. Etc.
Industrial Revolution
• Machines replaced hand tools, and large scale
manufacturing replaced farming as the main
source of work.
Eli Whitney
In 1797, The U. S. government
hired inventor Eli Whitney to
make 10,000 muskets for the
army. He was to have the guns
ready in two years. In 1801, he
showed G. Washington a box
with piles of musket parts. He
took a part from each pile and
assembled a musket in a matter
of seconds. He had just
demonstrated the use of
interchangeable
parts – parts were all exactly
alike.
Interchangeable Parts
• Parts that are exactly alike was Eli Whitney’s
idea when he tried to put the musket together in
seconds.
• Machines that produced exactly matching
parts soon became standard industries
• Made repairs easy
• Used low pay and less skilled workers
Cotton Gin (Engine)
• Invented in 1793
• Allowed faster cleaning
of cotton bolls
• Increased cotton
productivity from 10 lbs
per day to 50 lbs per
day.
• Effect --- more farmers
borrowed more money
to buy more land to
plant more cotton that
required more slaves
New Inventions – The
Claremont made the 300 mile trip from New
York to Albany and back in 62 hours in 1807.
• The Steam Boat invented by Robert Fulton
Steam engines
• The steam boat could move against the current of
the river and the wind
• Led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and St.
Louis
• Shreve also invented a better steam boat. The
town of Shreveport, LA was named after this
inventor.
Robert Fulton
• Shreve’s double decker
steamboat and a
paddle wheel in the
back 1816 it went UP
the Mississippi River!!!
The Telegraph…..
The Telegraph
• Invented by Samuel Morse
• Long and short pulses of electricity along a wire (
dot, dot dash…--..)
• Took seconds to communicate to other cities
• Brought about national unity!
• ---…---
Morse Code
John Deere’s steel plow
John Deere’s Steel Plow
• John Deere invented the light weight steel plow
with a steel cutting edge. Older cast iron plows
were designed for the light sandy soil of New
England. But rich clay, like the soil of the
Midwest needed a sharper blade of steel. More
farmers moved to the Midwest with the help of
this new plow.
The Mechanical Reaper
*The Reaper & the threshing
machines helped improve
agriculture.
*They were made by Cyrus
McCormick in 1834.
*The thresher separated
kernels of wheat from husks.
*The reaper cut ripe grain
quickly.
Peter Cooper
• Designed and built the
first steam powered
locomotive in the
United States
• “Tom Thumb” -- the
Iron Horse
• What was the effect of
the locomotive on
industrialization in the
U.S. ????
Patents
• Protects the inventor who has the SOLE right to
make and sell the invention.
Name the Inventor
• Samuel Slater stole idea of textile mill from England.
• Francis Cabot Lowell –he had 22 mills and created
the textile factories in New England brought power
looms from England
• Eli Whitney- inventor of cotton gin &
interchangeable parts.
Name the Invention
• Samuel Morse
• John Deere
• Robert Fulton
• Henry Miller Shreve
More inventors
•
•
•
•
•
Robert Fulton – invented steamboat
Sam Morse – invented telegraph
John Deere- invented the steel plow
Elias Howe – invented sewing machine
Oliver Evans – invented steam engine and grist mill
Ch 12 Inventions Review

Name an invention and tell how it
affected or impacted our young nation.

Why was New England a good place
to build factories?

Which inventions did most to link the
nation?
That’s all folks……….