Transcript Slajd 1 - TLE Workshop

Radio Waves Diagnostics of Ionospheric
Plasma
Corsica, Corte 21-27 June 2008
H. Rothkaehl1, J. Bergman2, J. Błęcki1,
J. Juchniewicz1, K. Kudela3
M. Morawski1, B. Thide2
1Space Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
2 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
3 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak
Republic
Wave in situ diagnostics
ULF and LF ion
plasma diagnostics,
E B field
fluctuations.
VLF low density
plasma diagnostics
HF electron plasma
diagnostics, Solar
radio burst.
Local plasma frequency =local electron
density tens kHz up to few MHz
Local gyro-frequency proportional to
the intensity of magnetic field
tens kHz up to MHz
The ionosphere represents less than 0.1% of the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere.
Even so, it is extremely important!
Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling,
interation of HF waves and energetic electrons
1. Electromagnetic pollution at top-side
ionosphere, H. Rothkaehl et al. 2003,2005
2. Broad band emissions inside the ionospheric
trough H. Rothkaehl et al.1997 ,Grigoryan
2003, Rotkhkaehl et al. 2007.
3. Whistler- gamma rays interaction related to
The map of gamma rays fluxes in the
energy range 0.12-0.32 MeV detected by
SONG on CORONAS-I satellite during
the period from March 1994 through
June 1994., K. Kudela, R. Bucik 2002
the Earthquake, Rothkaehl et al. 2006. Kudela,
Bucik 2005.
4. Emissions triggered by lightning, Bucik 2005
Radio waves diagnostic past
experiments
IK-19
1978-1981
500-980 Km
inc. 74 deg
0.1-6. MHz HF
IK-24 Activny 500-2500 Km
1989-1990
inc. 82.5 deg
0.1- 10. MHz HF
IK-25 Apex
Magion-3
1991-1992
430-3100 Km
inc. 82.5 deg
0.1-10. MHz HF
500 Km
inc. 82.5 deg
0.1-30. MHz
Coronas-I
1994
HF
COMPASS 2
25 May 2006
weighting 85 kg, circular
orbit with height 400 km and
inclination 79 degrees for
development of the methods
of monitoring and
forecasting of natural
disasters on the base of
coordinated monitoring at
the Earth and from space
the pre-earthquake
phenomena.
Human activity can perturb Earth's
environment.
CORONAS
6.04.1992
50.00
28
27
26
25
24
23
0.00
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
-50.00
13
12
11
10
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
0-14 MHz
50.00
27
26
25
24
0.00
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
-50.00
15
14
13
12
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
4-14 MHz
28
50.00
27
26
25
24
0.00
23
22
21
20
19
-50.00
18
17
16
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
3
5
2.5
Te/Ti=2.5
4
Lang k=0.25 'STOS'
'STOSW'
Ion-akust k=0.25
Lang k=0.1 'STOS.2'
'STOSW.2'
Ion-akust k=0.1
Jk,
'STOS'
Te/Ti=10
'stos1'
Te/Ti=7
'stos2'
2
Langmir turbulence
3
1.5
2
1
1
0.5
pe
Ion-acustic turbulence
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
k
The ratio of emissions
coefficients S ,for scattering of subthermal
electron on Langmuir and ion-acoustic
turbulence for different ratio of Te to Ti for
ionospheric plasma of ω
fpe=1.3MHz.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
The emissions coefficients for scattering
of subthermal electron on the Langmuir
jlk, and ion-acoustic jsk, turbulence for
different k vector for Te=8000 °K,
Ti=1200 °K , fpe=1.3MHz neo=0.1ne.
7
Earthquake
HF
diagnostics
31. 03.1994
455
80.00
DB
27.00
60.00
26.00
40.00
25.00
Earthquake
22 40 52 UT
24.00
20.00
23.00
0.00
22.00
-20.00
21.00
20.00
-40.00
19.00
-60.00
18.00
171-170 long, -17 lat
-180 long, -22 lat
17.00
-80.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
0-2 MHz
100.00
150.00
16.00
max 171 E, 17 S
normal grid mall45500
26.00
24.00
50.00
22.00
20.00
18.00
16.00
0.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
-50.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
-150.00
0-4 MHZ
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
150 E, 26 S
Earthquake
Ionospheric response to seismic activity




HF increasing of wave activity (whistler mode)
Enhancement of gamma rays in 0.12-0.35 Mev
Increase of local electron density over epicentre
Wave-like change of electron density at F2 layers,
enhancements of Es
 More pronouns effect during quit geomagnetic
condition
Parallel to the well-known effects related to the seismic activity in the top side
ionosphere such as small-scale irregularities generated due to acoustic waves (Hegai
et.al. 1997), and large-scale irregularities generated by anomalous electric field (Pulinets
at al 2000), the modification of magnetic flux tube are also common features (Kim and
Hegai 1997, Pulinets at al. 2002). So it seems that changes of the magnetic flux tube
topology correlated with seismic activity can lead to the increase in the precipitation of
energetic electron fluxes and, as a consequence, can yield excitation of the HF whistler
mode. , H.Rothkaehl 2005
  (1  K *p / 10)(    m ) 2 
f t  (1.33K *p  0.8) exp 

W


IONOSPHERIC TROUGH
6
Lpp
L trough
Magion-3
5
4
L
3
2
1
1640
1660
LF-AKR,
1680
VLF,
1700
REV
1720
1740
1760
HF.
20
'FOF2_B~1.TX T'
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
-200
1640
Rothkaehl et al.1997
1660
1680
1700
1720
1740
1760
Double trough structure
Alfven waves, LHR, UHR, EMIC
CORONAS
3 0. 0 3. 1 9 9 4
Db
80
50
60
30 03 1994
40
geographic latitude
CORONAS
geographic latitude
80
60
Db
45
20
50
0
45
40
-20
40
40
-40
35
35
-60
20
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
geographic longitude
140
-80
-150
Africa
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
30
geographic longitude
The global distribution over Europe of mean value of the electromagnetic emission in the
ionosphere in the frequency range 0.1-15 MHz on 30.03.1994 during strong geomagnetic
disturbances, recorded by SORS-1 instrument on board the Coronas_I satellite. The
characteristic increase of emission over Euroasia is visible and the conjugate point in
southward hemisphere . The area where maximum particle flux was registered is indicated
by cross points. The resolution is 5x5 deg; the units are DB/μV
ARCAD-3
quite geom.
conditions
11 12 13 0 1982 ARCAD-3
Eh
0.00
50.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
-2.50
0.00
-3.00
-3.50
-4.00
-4.50
-5.00
-50.00
The global distribution
of electric component
Eh
and
magnetic
component
Bx
registered during very
quit condition from 11
till 13 January 1982 on
the board AUREOL-3
satellite in the wide
frequency band from
-6.00
-6.50
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
-7.00
150.00
Eh
Bx
80.00
80.00
-1.00
70.00
-1.50
-2.00
60.00
-9.60
70.00
-9.80
-10.00
60.00
-10.20
-2.50
50.00
50.00
-10.40
-3.00
-3.50
40.00
-10.60
40.00
-10.80
-4.00
30.00
30.00
-11.00
-4.50
-5.00
20.00
-11.20
20.00
-11.40
-5.50
10.00
10.00
-11.60
-6.00
0.00
-20.00
9 to 16 kHz. The
intensity of detected
emissions
is
in
log(mV/m/√(Hz))
for
electric component and
log(nT/m//√(Hz))
for
magnetic component.
-5.50
-10.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
-6.50
0.00
-20.00
-11.80
-10.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
Bx
-7 .80
-8 .00
-8 .20
50.00
-8 .40
-8 .60
-8 .80
-9 .00
-9 .20
0.00
-9 .40
-9 .60
-9 .80
-10 .00
-10 .20
-50.00
-10 .40
-10 .60
-10 .80
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
-11 .00
LIGHTNING INDUCED HARD X-RAY FLUX
ENHANCEMENTS: CORONAS-F OBSERVATIONS,
Trakhtengerts at al. 2003
X rays enhanced emissions 30 - 500 keV
Bucik 2005.
Geographic locations of X
ray counts (during two
consecutive CORONAS-F
orbits in each panel on
November 9 (left), November
10-11 (middle), and
November 12 (right). Colored
scale matches the log of the
counts.
Lightning discharges
detected by the LIS are
shown as a red/blue The
crosses on south indicate
conjugate points of the
northern lightning flashes.
LIGHTNING INDUCED HARD X-RAY FLUX ENHANCEMENTS:
CORONAS-F OBSERVATIONS, Bucik 2005.
VLF emissions triggered by lightning
X rays enhanced emissions
UNIMAIsat-1
• Mass < 10 kg
• Ionospheric orbit, 400-1000 km
OBSTANOVKA on ISS
Wave Recorder concept
LPF
Memory
buffer
DSP
LPF
Glue Logic (FPGA)
Internal data
bus
Vector Digital Receiver concept
LPF
LPF
LPF
Glue Logic
&
DSP
• Define the main goals
of the experiment
• Design the
instruments
• Test the prototype
• Design the mode of
• General
•
Mass
[kg]
5.4 (+10% / - 30 %)
operation
Internal data
bus
•
•
•
Power [W]
12.0 (+30% / - 50 %)
Voltage [V]
28.0 ( +/- 20%)
Dimension [mm] 190.0x150.0x115.0
Radio waves are 3D EM vector waves!
about 66% of the total information content
is lost if only single polarised antennas are used
Angular momentum
Angular momentum for EM field
= 0 planar waves, no components other
than those along the axis of propagation
≠0, small non-zero components
perpendicular to the axis of propagation
By providing a software configurable sensor and emitter
infrastructure distributed in southern Sweden with Växjö,
LOIS will enhance the atmospheric and space physics
capabilities of the huge, new-generation digital radio
telescope LOFAR (Low Frequency Array), currently being
built in the Netherlands. LOIS is a large radio telescope array
that will operate in the 10-240 MHz frequency range. Its
13,000 dipole antennas will be clustered in roughly 100
stations spread over a region 400 km across.
Test station operated in Vaxjo
Twisted RF is the rotation
of the plane of
polarisation within a
transmitted or received
non planar waveform This
concept has been
demonstrated at optical
and sub-millimetre
wavelengths.
B. Thide at al. 2007
access to the following highpower radio sources in the 5-30
MHz frequency range:
A 0.5 MW HF broadcast radio
transmitter at Hörby, southern
Sweden, operated by the
Teracom company.
,
“Sura” operated by the
Radiophysical Research
Institute in Nizhniy
Novgorod, Russia, will be
used for systematic
studies of the ionosphere;
A 1.2 MW HF ionospheric
research radio transmitter,
“Heating”,operated by the
EISCAT (European
Incoherent Scatter)
scientific organisation in
Tromso, northern Norway.
This instrument is used
for systematic studies of
the ionosphere.
Borowiec LOIS
POLFAR
Future- MOON