Transcript DS4-T5 - Square Kilometre Array

DS4-T5
Zaandam Meeting
24-25 February
Andrew Faulkner - UMAN
Beam Forming:
at patch/tile level for phased arrays
DS4-T4
DS4-T3
1
2
3
n (100?)
Antennas
LNA
DS4-T1
Tile
Magic beamforming
system
Obs data
Control
DS4-T5
Power supplies, monitoring etc.
DS4-T5
DS4-T6
Power
Beam forming:
Considerations

Number of fields of view (FOVs)

Acts as SKA ‘multiplier’

RFI mitigation – info DS4-T3/2 vital early

Power budget – heat!

106 tiles, maybe 108 elements so:
COST AND MASS PRODUCTION
DS4-T5
Approaches - Analogue
LNA
Control
RF Based Beam forming
FOV
ADC
ADC
Another
FOV
DS4-T5
Approaches - Digital
LNA
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
DSP
DSP
DSP
DSP
DS4-T1
Control
Digital Beam forming
DS4-T5
Projects in DS4-T5
€558k
ASTRON
MMIC based analogue beamforming
UMAN/OXF
All digital system to each antenna element
INAF
based beamformers
Develop digitalGaAs
beamforming
for Northern Cross €185k
development for EMBRACE
OPAR/CNRS
Develop analogue beam forming components
WP8: Element level DSP design - key cost driver
Silicon
based
beamformers
ASTRON
Photonics
investigation
(wild
card??)
Design
and
build
FPGA
based
DSP
coupled
with
digital
WP11: Tile level digital beam former.development
beamforming system using FPGA and Alpha system.
DS6??
DS4-T5
PICS low cost analogue
interconnect technology
€1,551k
€807k
Trade Offs
Analogue
Digital
Proven?
Yes
Not yet….
Flexibility
Features Designed in
Programmable
FOVs
A few (2)
Potentially many
RFI resilience
Fixed
Can be changed
Calibration for 106 tiles
Tricky!
Good
Cost
‘low’
‘high’
Single Beam performance
Excellent
Excellent
DS4-T5
Some Numbers...
Participants:
Man months Nat
Man months EC
Man months TOTAL
1. Astron
2. UMAN
4. OPAR
5. INAF
8. OXF
26. CNRS
60.0
43.2
28.8
72.0
47.0
18.0
65.0
10.0
8.0
18.0
43.2
28.8
72.0
18.0
36.0
54.0
4.1
177.1
118.1
295.2
4.9
230.3
88.2
318.5
7.0
70.1
56.1
126.2
4.1
177.1
118.1
295.2
????
135.0
72.0
207.0
90.0
13.8
9.2
23.1
45.0
95.0
140.0
11.0
9.0
20.0
13.8
9.2
23.1
0.0
10.0
10.0
18.0
14.2
9.4
23.6
25.0
6.0
4.0
10.0
14.2
9.4
23.6
10.0
Monthly rate (k€/mth)
Manpower cost (k€) Nat
Manpower cost (k€) EC
Manpower cost (k€) TOTAL
Equipment Cost Nat
Equipment Cost EC
Equipment Cost TOTAL
Travel (k€) Nat
Travel (k€) EC
Travel (k€) TOTAL
Other (k€) Nat
Other (k€) EC
Other (k€) TOTAL
Cost model
25.7
17.1
42.8
FC
AC
25.7
17.1
42.8
AC
FC
AC
Sub costs (k€) Nat
Sub costs (k€) EC
Sub costs (k€) TOTAL
Overhead Nat funded
Overhead EC funded
Participant Totals (k€) Nat
DS4-T5
Participant
Totals (k€) EC
Participant Totals (k€) inc.
Qinetiq
FC
556.8
556.8
81.5
30.8
16.2
13.0
81.5
30.8
312.3
184.7
497.0
103.3
82.1
185.4
312.3
184.7
497.0
Reality

MUST pursue all options

Major/dominant cost driver for SKA

2-PAD ALL Digital testbed

Final SKA system possibly an analogue/digital mix
DS4-T5