Transcript Document
Progress in Integrating Sanitation into a
Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) in
Uganda
2nd, African water week 9th-13th November 2009, South Africa
Outline
1. What is SWAp?
2. WSS Sector Background
3. Memorandum of Understanding for Improved Sanitation
and Hygiene (ISH)
4. Post-reform challenges of mainstreaming ISH
5. Post reform opportunities / Enabling factors
6. Contribution of the MoU to mainstreaming ISH
7. Contribution of JSR undertakings to mainstreaming ISH
8. Contribution of NSWG to mainstreaming ISH
9. Key messages
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What is SWAp
Most significant funding for the sector supports
a single sector policy & expenditure program under
government leadership
Common approaches are adopted across the sector,
progress towards relying on government procedures
to disburse and account for all public expenditure,
however funded
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WSS Sector Background
Previously sector was largely made up of discreet
projects defined by;
Piecemeal approach to planning.
Largely donor driven investments that lacked domestic
ownership.
Low sustainability.
Parallel implementation with little capacity building of
Government.
High transaction costs (missions, reviews, reports)
Varying donor procedures/requirements
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Overall enabling factors for
SWAp in WSS Sector Reform
Government started promoting coordination & alignment
in the 1990s e.g. Inter Ministerial Steering Committee
for RWSS projects
Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP/PRSP) 2000;
WSS one of PEAP priorities;
PRSC process
Like minded donors in WSS (Nordic plus)
Partnership Principles Between Government & Dev.
Partners (Ownership, Alignment , harmonization,
managing for results and Mutual accountability)
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WSS Sector Reform elements
contributing to Mainstreaming
Institutional framework developed
Sub-Sector reforms for increased performance and
cost effectiveness; consultative and participatory
Sector Investment Plans
Donor funding modalities more conducive to SWAp
Annual Joint GoU/Devt Partners Reviews since 2003
Donor Coordination Group
Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group
NGO Coordination thru UWASNET
Annual Sector Performance Report
Water SWAp adopted in 2002
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Memorandum of understanding
for ISH
Before reform: Kampala Declaration for Sanitation
1997; Signed by All leaders based on 10 principles.
After reform, the MoU was signed to ensure that ISH was
not neglected & Roles were clear
Ministry of Water and Environment (MoWE) :
responsible for sewerage services and public facilities in
towns & rural growth centers
Ministry of Health (MoH) : responsible for household
hygiene & sanitation
Ministry of Education (MoE): responsible for school
sanitation & hygiene
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
MoU not linked with clear financing mechanism, no
discussion of rural or urban issues etc.
Key Ministries not included in the MOU at the district
and sub-county levels (e.g. Local Government, Gender)
Continued expectation from sector ministries in MoU
that MWE will pay for sanitation — based on its funding
history in the 1990s through WSS projects
Low funding allocated to sanitation and hygiene - this
is a major bottleneck (2005 study estimates: 4% of water
sector grants to district, 2% of MoH PHC grants, 2% of
the primary school grants to LGs)
Underlying causes: Competing social demands, bigger
vote winning issues, sanitation is a private concern,
benefits not obvious)
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
Multi-Ministerial Mandates and Drowning of ISH in
ministerial biases - Curative health for MoH, Teacher:
pupil ratio, pupil:classroom/text book ratio for MoES and
Water supply for MoWE
Impact of the shift from a project driven approach to
budget support + MoFPED Sector Budget ceilings
MoES & MoH sector ceilings not increased with transfer
of responsibilities in parallel with a decrease in the
ceiling given to MoWE
Range of institution and governance issues including
inadequate political support for sanitation at the national
and LGs levels
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
No clear accountability to line ministries i.e. District
level officers report to district leaders on national
targets and not to national line ministries
Lack of prioritization of sanitation & hygiene at all
levels in LGs development plans
Fiscal Decentralization : bringing Coherence
Poor Coordination at LG Level
District Frontline workers not used to competing
for budgets
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Post-reform Opportunities/Enabling
factors
”Good will” from MoFPED: Based on Infant and
Marternal Mortality study findings of key role of ISH
Commitment to meeting MDGs
Requirement of ISH Before water provision in
RWSS
Area Support Teams in MoH, Software group and
Technical Support Unit in MoWE
Kampala Master Plan for Sanitation.
Active NGO Network/NGOs
Technical Assistance/Funding: DFID, WSP
Immense support from the current Ministers of
MoWE
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Contribution of the MoU to
mainstreaming ISH
Helped in raising the profile of sanitation - E.g.
Joint Sector Review Undertakings since 2003 in
Health, & Water (Similar).
Defined the institutional arrangements for
sanitation at the central level
- Water Sector guidelines: MoH budget circulars to
LGs, MoES SFG for new school buildings
Highlighted the need for coordination and
collaboration - leading to the institutionalization of
the National Sanitation Working Group (NSWG)
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Contribution of JSR Undertakings to
mainstreaming ISH (Trigger for Budget
support/PRSC)
2003: National Coordination, Operationalize the MoU,
Clear budget lines, Best practices
2004: District Water and Sanitation Coordination
Committees/ Integrated work plans
2005: Use up to 10% of the sector grants on
Sanitation/integrated work plans.
2006: Investigate the best way to establish a budget
line for sanitation:
2007: BoPs and support enforcement
2008: Develop ordinances and bye laws and enforce.
2009: Finalise guidelines for sanitation fund and
disburse funds.
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Contribution of NSWG to
mainstreaming ISH
Key achievements in mainstreaming ISH:
Lobbying. E.g. PRSC/PEAP/ HSSP II; Sector Investment
Plan : Preparing Road map/ISH strategy
Similar annual undertakings since 2003 to date in
Health and water; Help in dissemination/implementation
Annual Sanitation week celebrations
Golden indicators (toilets and hand washing )
Influenced sector guidelines and budget guidelines
Initiated National Hand washing Campaign.
Analytical work: Strengthened budget mechanism :
Road map & Study of institutional & financing
challenges.
International Year of Sanitation; Uganda Africasan +
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Key messages in mainstreaming
Improved Sanitation and Hygiene
Coordination mechanism involving Govt & LGs, DPs,
CSOs and Pvt sector.
Transparency & openness in coordination mechanism
Political commitment at all levels is necessary: Speak
out & take action
Sanitation is a priority issue in its own right. Need a
dedicated budget line.
Need to Clarify roles & link with financing mechanism
Benefits of ISH not obvious; Disseminate
Mainstreaming ISH requires proactive engagement
Take advantage of the international declarations.
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Key messages in mainstreaming
Improved Sanitation and Hygiene
Champions are necessary - at key Sector
meetings/processes- policy/strategy development
Road Map –Financing Strategy
Explicit/ring-fenced funding needed - for ISH and
related capacity building & software activities
Need for improved M & E
Mainstreaming ISH is a process - with incremental
progress
Capacity building at centre and Local Government level.
Flexible funding: Analytical work, capacity building
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Thank you for listening!
Q&A
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