Transcript Document

Progress in Integrating Sanitation into a
Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) in
Uganda
2nd, African water week 9th-13th November 2009, South Africa
Outline
1. What is SWAp?
2. WSS Sector Background
3. Memorandum of Understanding for Improved Sanitation
and Hygiene (ISH)
4. Post-reform challenges of mainstreaming ISH
5. Post reform opportunities / Enabling factors
6. Contribution of the MoU to mainstreaming ISH
7. Contribution of JSR undertakings to mainstreaming ISH
8. Contribution of NSWG to mainstreaming ISH
9. Key messages
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What is SWAp
Most significant funding for the sector supports
a single sector policy & expenditure program under
government leadership
Common approaches are adopted across the sector,
progress towards relying on government procedures
to disburse and account for all public expenditure,
however funded
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WSS Sector Background
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Previously sector was largely made up of discreet
projects defined by;
Piecemeal approach to planning.
Largely donor driven investments that lacked domestic
ownership.
Low sustainability.
Parallel implementation with little capacity building of
Government.
High transaction costs (missions, reviews, reports)
Varying donor procedures/requirements
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Overall enabling factors for
SWAp in WSS Sector Reform
 Government started promoting coordination & alignment
in the 1990s e.g. Inter Ministerial Steering Committee
for RWSS projects
 Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP/PRSP) 2000;
WSS one of PEAP priorities;
 PRSC process
 Like minded donors in WSS (Nordic plus)
 Partnership Principles Between Government & Dev.
Partners (Ownership, Alignment , harmonization,
managing for results and Mutual accountability)
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WSS Sector Reform elements
contributing to Mainstreaming
 Institutional framework developed
 Sub-Sector reforms for increased performance and
cost effectiveness; consultative and participatory
 Sector Investment Plans
 Donor funding modalities more conducive to SWAp
 Annual Joint GoU/Devt Partners Reviews since 2003
 Donor Coordination Group
 Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group
 NGO Coordination thru UWASNET
 Annual Sector Performance Report
 Water SWAp adopted in 2002
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Memorandum of understanding
for ISH
Before reform: Kampala Declaration for Sanitation
1997; Signed by All leaders based on 10 principles.
After reform, the MoU was signed to ensure that ISH was
not neglected & Roles were clear
 Ministry of Water and Environment (MoWE) :
responsible for sewerage services and public facilities in
towns & rural growth centers
 Ministry of Health (MoH) : responsible for household
hygiene & sanitation
 Ministry of Education (MoE): responsible for school
sanitation & hygiene
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
 MoU not linked with clear financing mechanism, no
discussion of rural or urban issues etc.
 Key Ministries not included in the MOU at the district
and sub-county levels (e.g. Local Government, Gender)
 Continued expectation from sector ministries in MoU
that MWE will pay for sanitation — based on its funding
history in the 1990s through WSS projects
 Low funding allocated to sanitation and hygiene - this
is a major bottleneck (2005 study estimates: 4% of water
sector grants to district, 2% of MoH PHC grants, 2% of
the primary school grants to LGs)
 Underlying causes: Competing social demands, bigger
vote winning issues, sanitation is a private concern,
benefits not obvious)
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
 Multi-Ministerial Mandates and Drowning of ISH in
ministerial biases - Curative health for MoH, Teacher:
pupil ratio, pupil:classroom/text book ratio for MoES and
Water supply for MoWE
 Impact of the shift from a project driven approach to
budget support + MoFPED Sector Budget ceilings
MoES & MoH sector ceilings not increased with transfer
of responsibilities in parallel with a decrease in the
ceiling given to MoWE
 Range of institution and governance issues including
inadequate political support for sanitation at the national
and LGs levels
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Post-reform Challenges of
mainstreaming ISH
 No clear accountability to line ministries i.e. District
level officers report to district leaders on national
targets and not to national line ministries
 Lack of prioritization of sanitation & hygiene at all
levels in LGs development plans
 Fiscal Decentralization : bringing Coherence
 Poor Coordination at LG Level
 District Frontline workers not used to competing
for budgets
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Post-reform Opportunities/Enabling
factors
 ”Good will” from MoFPED: Based on Infant and
Marternal Mortality study findings of key role of ISH
 Commitment to meeting MDGs
 Requirement of ISH Before water provision in
RWSS
 Area Support Teams in MoH, Software group and
Technical Support Unit in MoWE
 Kampala Master Plan for Sanitation.
 Active NGO Network/NGOs
 Technical Assistance/Funding: DFID, WSP
 Immense support from the current Ministers of
MoWE
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Contribution of the MoU to
mainstreaming ISH
Helped in raising the profile of sanitation - E.g.
Joint Sector Review Undertakings since 2003 in
Health, & Water (Similar).
Defined the institutional arrangements for
sanitation at the central level
- Water Sector guidelines: MoH budget circulars to
LGs, MoES SFG for new school buildings
Highlighted the need for coordination and
collaboration - leading to the institutionalization of
the National Sanitation Working Group (NSWG)
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Contribution of JSR Undertakings to
mainstreaming ISH (Trigger for Budget
support/PRSC)
 2003: National Coordination, Operationalize the MoU,
Clear budget lines, Best practices
 2004: District Water and Sanitation Coordination
Committees/ Integrated work plans
 2005: Use up to 10% of the sector grants on
Sanitation/integrated work plans.
 2006: Investigate the best way to establish a budget
line for sanitation:
 2007: BoPs and support enforcement
 2008: Develop ordinances and bye laws and enforce.
 2009: Finalise guidelines for sanitation fund and
disburse funds.
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Contribution of NSWG to
mainstreaming ISH
 Key achievements in mainstreaming ISH:
 Lobbying. E.g. PRSC/PEAP/ HSSP II; Sector Investment
Plan : Preparing Road map/ISH strategy
 Similar annual undertakings since 2003 to date in
Health and water; Help in dissemination/implementation
 Annual Sanitation week celebrations
 Golden indicators (toilets and hand washing )
 Influenced sector guidelines and budget guidelines
 Initiated National Hand washing Campaign.
 Analytical work: Strengthened budget mechanism :
Road map & Study of institutional & financing
challenges.
 International Year of Sanitation; Uganda Africasan +
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Key messages in mainstreaming
Improved Sanitation and Hygiene
 Coordination mechanism involving Govt & LGs, DPs,
CSOs and Pvt sector.
 Transparency & openness in coordination mechanism
 Political commitment at all levels is necessary: Speak
out & take action
 Sanitation is a priority issue in its own right. Need a
dedicated budget line.
 Need to Clarify roles & link with financing mechanism
 Benefits of ISH not obvious; Disseminate
 Mainstreaming ISH requires proactive engagement
 Take advantage of the international declarations.
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Key messages in mainstreaming
Improved Sanitation and Hygiene
 Champions are necessary - at key Sector
meetings/processes- policy/strategy development
 Road Map –Financing Strategy
 Explicit/ring-fenced funding needed - for ISH and
related capacity building & software activities
 Need for improved M & E
 Mainstreaming ISH is a process - with incremental
progress
 Capacity building at centre and Local Government level.
 Flexible funding: Analytical work, capacity building
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Thank you for listening!
Q&A
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