Transcript Sports Medicine 20 - Salisbury Composite High School

SPORTS MEDICINE 20
Project B: Intermediate Anatomy, Assessment & Program Design
HCS 2910
Why Tape?
Provide support to vulnerable structures
 Taping is not a replacement for adequate
rehabilitation

 Taping

is one type of treatment in the whole process
Used to reinforce damaged ligaments
 The
interim repair tissue is collagen (scar tissue)
 Scar tissue is strong but not elastic
 It is prone to re injury in early stages of healing
 Proper taping and strapping can provide support to
healing tissue
When to Tape?

Taping is used for:
 Acute
injury management
 Used
in post injury rehabilitation phase when returning to
weight bearing exercises
 Injury
Prevention
 Depending
 Return
on Budget, it is used as a preventative measure
to Activity
When not to Tape?
You should not tape if further assessment of the
injury is required other than to provide support
 You should not tape if the injury is acute and
active swelling.
 Do not tape after ice application
 Do not tape overnight
 Do not tape if you are unsure of the severity of
the injury or if unsure of technique
 Certain sports may prohibit the use of tape
 Do not tape pre pubertal athletes

Preparation for taping?
Skin surface should be clean of oil, perspiration
and dirt
 Hair should be removed
 Tape adherent is optional but recommended
 Foam and skin lubricant should be used to
minimize blisters and skin irritation
 Pro wrap can be used but the anchors need to
be adhered to the skin

Rules for taping application?
Tape in the position in which the joint must be
stabilized
 Overlap the tape by half
 Avoid continuous taping
 Keep tape roll in hand whenever possible
 Smooth and mold tape as it is laid down on skin
 Allow tape to follow contours of the skin
 Start taping with an anchor piece and finish by
applying a lock strip
 Do not apply tape if skin is hot or cold

Post Taping

After game or practice:
 Ensure
that the athlete carefully removes the
tape
 Check for blister, cutes or other skin problems
 Advise athlete if there are signs of irritation
 Wash away traces of the tape adherent
Anatomy and Injuries

The human body is designed for linear
motion, either forward or backward, based
on the design of the body’s joints.
 Sports,
however involve rotational or angular forces on
joints.
 These forces affect the type and severity of injury
sustained by an athlete
 This in turn will dictate the type of taping technique
employed to provide support
Regional Terminology

You need to be familiar with regional
terminology that will be used throughout to
direct you in the proper taping and
strapping
 Athletic
First Aid is more than just the functions
of ligaments, tendons and muscle tissue
Human Skeleton Planes and Terms
Human Skeleton Terminology
Inferior/Superior—Medial/Lateral

Superior/Inferior
 Defined
by the Transverse Plane
 Superior structures are above the plane
 Inferior structures are below the plane

Medial/Lateral
 Defined
by the Mid Sagittal Plane (Midline)
 Lateral refers to structures further away from
midline
 Medial refers to structures closer to the midline
Proximal/Distal—Anterior/Posterior

Proximal/Distal
 Defined
from a specific point
 Proximal structures are closer to the specific point
 Distal structures are farther from the specific
point

Anterior/Posterior
 Defined
by the Frontal Plane
 Anterior structures are in front of the plane
 Posterior structures are behind the plane
Joint Movements

For every movement a human body can
make, a specific muscle or muscle group
contracts to make the motion.
 All
of these movements are described in
terms of the anatomical position
 Anatomical
position is a neutral position, with
eyes, toes and palms facing forward
Flexion/Extension—Pronation/Supination

Flexion/Extension
In flexion the angle formed by the joint gets smaller
 In extension the angle formed by the joint gets larger
 Flexion and Extension are performed in the sagittal plane
unless there is another movement accompanied the
flexion/extension


Pronation/Supination
These movements refer to rotational movement with the hands
 Pronation is palms facing upwards (External rotation)
 Supination is palms facing downward (Internal rotation)

Elevation/Depression-Protraction/Retraction
 Elevation/Depression
 Typically
involve the shoulder
 Elevation is when the shoulders are shrugged
 Depression is when they are pulled down and back
 Depression contributes to good posture
 Protraction/Retraction
 These
movements refer to lateral movement with the
body as a reference point
 When the shoulder is pulled back this is retraction
 When the shoulder is pushed forward this is protraction
 Retraction contributes to good posture
Adduction/Abduction-Circumduction/Rotation

Adduction/Abduction
These movements refer to vertical movement with the body
as a reference point
 Abduction means to move away from the body
 Adduction means to move towards the body “Add in”


Circumduction/Rotation
 Similar movements that are often confused
 Rotation takes place around an axis (a bone)
 Circumduction is not limited by an axis
 Arms
circles are circumduction
Opposition-Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion-Inversion/Eversion

Opposition
This movement separates us from other primates
 When the thumb and pinky touch


Dorsiflexion/Planterflexion
Named after the surfaces of the foot
 Dorsiflexion means flexing foot upwards
 Planterflexion means flexing foot downward


Inversion/Eversion
These movements are key in ankle injuries
 Inversion rotates the ankle toward the midline (most common
ankle injury
 Eversion rotates the ankle away from the midline

Human Skeleton
Skull
Mandible (Jaw)
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Sternum
Humorous
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella (Kneecap)
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
The Right Shoulder
The Right Shoulder



There are a number of bursae in the shoulder joint.
Bursae are fluid filled sacs that are designed to
reduce friction between tissues
The most important and often irritated bursa in the
shoulder is the sub-acromial bursa.
 It
is typically hurt in overhand throwing
 The humeral head compress the bursa causing
inflammation and pain
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder
The Bones of the Shoulder



The Acromioclavicular Joint is on top of the shoulder
This is called the AC joint for short and connects the
acromion process of the scapula with the clavicle
providing the top section of the shoulder socket
There is little protection for this joint and it is
frequently injured in collisions with the ground or the
boards
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder
Rotator Cuff Muscles in the Shoulder




The rotator cuff muscles provide stability of the
Glenohumeral Joint
The Rotator Cuff tendons work to keep the humeral
head in the Glenoid fossa
Theses muscles are integral in the braking
mechanism of the arm during overhead throwing or
striking actions
The Glenohumeral Joint is separated when the arm
is away from the body and contacts the ground or
playing surface
The Bones of the Elbow
The Healthy Elbow
Elbow Hyperextension



This injury usually occurs when the arm is fully
extended with the palm facing forward and is
forced backwards
The critical components of a successful taping
technique is to keep the arm flexed when the fan is
applied.
Use elastic tape for the anchors to not cut off
circulation in the arm
Bones of the Wrist/Hand
Scaphoid Bone Break in the Hand

Scaphoid Bone break in the hand can be a very
serious injury
 Limited
blood flow to the bone leads to slow recovery
 People with broken scaphoids can get impatient resulting
in removal of casts and re injury of the bone
 If this occurs repeatedly blood flow can diminish even
further sometimes resulting in the bone dieing
Muscle of the Thigh
Muscles and Movements of the Thigh

Quadreceps



Hamstrings



Biceps Femoris: Hip Extension and Lower Leg Flexion
Semitendonosus and Semimembranonus: Lower Leg Flexion
Gluteals


Rectus Femoris: Hip Flexion and Lower Leg Extension
Vastus Medialis, Intermedialis, Lateralis: Lower Leg Extension
Gluteus Maximus: Hip Extension and Hip Abduction
Adductor Muscles

Gracilis, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus: Hip Adduction
Ligaments of the Knee
Ligaments, Meniscus and Cartilage

Knee Sprains

1st Degree sprain


2nd Degree sprain


Ligament is torn but not ruptured
3rd Degree sprain


Ligament is stretched or slightly torn
Ligament is completely ruptured
Meniscus, cartilage and spacing
Bones of the Ankle
Anatomy of an Inversion Ankle Sprain
3 Arches of the Foot
How do our Arches create problems for us?



The arches of the foot are the most overlooked
structure in athletes.
They are designed to absorb and distribute body
mass and to improve movement by increasing speed
and agility
The Medial Longitudinal and the Transverse arches
act as shock absorbers
 Poor
arches can lead to shin splints, knee, hip and back
problems