Transcript No Slide Title

„International Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe:
Perspectives for R&D Co-operation”.
A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle
Warsaw, October 7th, 2004
Bio-energy in Poland
Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials
Grzegorz Wisniewski
[email protected]
EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence
Institute for Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture
Warsaw, Poland,
www.ecbrec.pl
Poland: general data: land use
General data
Area
312 thous km2
Forestry area
Woodiness
Timber removals
8,9 mln ha
9,4%
26,9 hm3
Agriculture land 18,4 mln ha
Sown area
3,42% 1,61%
3,08%
0,12%
2,69%
29,41%
59,67%
agricultural land
forests and wooded land
waters
minerals
transport
residential
wasteland
2,6 mln ha
Fuel import dependancy, % of all fuels
Opportunities for energy crops in
the EU NMS
120
100
Malta
Cyprus
Biggest bio-energy export potential
80
Slovakia
60
Slovenia
Latvia
Lithuania
Hungary
40
Estonia
Czech Republik
20
Poland
0
-
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
Agricultural area per capita, ha
8,00
9,00
10,00
Policy & legal drivers for RES in Poland and EU NMS
Country
RES targets
(primary energy)
RES-E
targets 2010
RES Act or national
programme
Environmental
funds
Feed-in
tariff/quota
obligation
Cyprus
9% 2010
6%
National Programme

?
Czech Republic
4% 2010
7% 2030
8%
National Program


Estonia
-
5,1%


Hungary
7,2 % 2010
3,6%


Latvia
12% 2010
49,3%


Lithuania
-
7%


Malta
-
5%
Poland
7% 2010
14% 2020
7,5%
Biofuel act- quota
targets (biodiesel and
bioethanol)

Quota
obligation*
Slovakia
4% 2005
31%
?


Slovenia
12% 2010
33,6%


National Programe
under preparation
National Program
?
*Usually quota obligation does not favour advanced technology development
Forecast for the primary energy use
in Poland till 2020 in PJ,
„National Energy Policy”, reference scenario
5000
4000
Hard coal
Brown coal
Crud oil
Natural gas
Renewables
3000
2000
1000
0
1997
2005
2010
2015 2020
No nuclear energy
in Poland!
Utilisation of renewable energy sources
in Poland ‘2002 (source: EC BREC)
Contribution to
total energy
production
Source
Capacity
(MW)
Electricity
Production (GWh)
Biomass
~6500
310
102056
103173
92.0
Solar
17
-
37
37
0.0
Geothermal +
heat pumps
89
-
526
526
0.5
Wind
29
60
-
216
0.2
Hydro
(small plants
<5 MW)
524 (185)
2276 (698)
-
8192 (2511)
7.3 (2.2)
Total
~7100
2646
102619
112146
100.0
Heat production Total energy
(TJ)
production (TJ)
*Biomass – 92% of total production of renewable energy
Expected structure of capacity increase in RES
in Poland 2002- 2010
National Renewable Energy Strategy ‘2001
RES target ‘2010 –
- 7,5% TPS
Geothermal heating plants
Wood CHP
Official short Small biomass boilers
Straw-fired heating plants
term
technological Wood-fired heating plants
priorities?
Solar water collectors
Solar collectors
Landfill gas
Agricultural biogas plants
Municipal biogas plants
Photovoltaic systems
Small hydropower plants
Wind power plants
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
[MW]
Generation of energy from RES in Development
Strategy of Renewable Energy Sources
Total production of energy in 2010, TJ
Solar water collectors
Solar air collectors
Geothermal heating plants
Bioethanol
Rape oil methyl esters
Independent biomass-fired boilers
Automatic straw-fired heating plants
Automatic wood-fired heating plants
Wood-fired combined heat and power plants
Landfill gas
Farm biogas plants
Town biogas plants
Photovoltaic systems
Small hydro-electric power plants
Wind power plants
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
FORESTRY FIRE-WOD POTENTIAL
Forestry area
8,9 mln ha
Woodiness
28,3%
Timber removals
26,9 Mm3
Afforestations
63.000 ha/a
Long-term plan
0,7 Mha by ‘2020
ACTUAL PROD FOR ENERGY
FIRE-WOOD – 1,5 Mm3
SMALL-SIZE – 0,7 Mm3
FUTURE
LOGGING RESIDUE – 1-1,6
Mm3
ROOT & STUMWOOD – 1,6
Mm3
SMALL-SIZE (EARLY
THINNINGS) – 2,5 Mm3
Woodiness in Voivodships and timber harvest [m3/100 ha] (GUS - Forestry Statistics 2002) 10
STRAW POTENTIALS
PRODUCTION T/a
Cereals
25,5 mln
Rape
1 mln
Needs T/a
Feeding and litter
13 mln
Plaughing
2,5 mln
SURPLUS
11 mln
Biogas technical potential; 26 PJ in total
No of poultry farms
above 5000 units
No of cow farms
above 100 units
No of pig farms
above 500 units
Bioenergy market:
short and medium term opportunities
CO-FIRING (biomass+coal), large power plants, industry
BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING (municipalities)
CHP (small and medium scale, industry, municipalities)
TRANSPORT (biodiesel, bioethanol)
Problem: development of solid biofuels market
BIOGAS (from agriculture)
BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Problem: market maturity of technologies
Bioenergy Market- role of biomass co-firing
• Accession Treaty–an indicative RES-E goal for Poland ‘2010 - 7.5%
• Governmental assumption: 4% of green electricity from biomass cofring in coal power plants in 2010 – equivalent of some 8-10 million tons
(10-12 million m3) of fuel
• The present logging of wood - 2.5 million m3, missing –
9-10 million m3 should therefore come mostly from energy crops
(ca. 300 thousand hectares) or be imported
• Resulting competitions and conflicts of interests:
-land competition (food-energy),
-biofuels import-export competition,
-competition for current limited biomass resources for green
heat & green & liquid biofuels production,
-sustainability of agriculture &energy?
&
L
CY A S
LI ION IE
P O G EG
RE AT
& R
ST
D RE
EV S E
E L AR
O C
PM H
EN
T
Drivers for bio-energy deployment
Good public perception and the role of bio-energy RTD
INTEGRATION
OF ACTIVITIES
PROMOTION
& INFORMATION
The results of Polish bioenergy RTD scan
Source: ERA-Bioenergy ‘2003
• About 150 experts and scientific workers are active in
bioenergy
• Comparable small research groups: 1-4 scientists
• Annually budget in bioenergy area - about 2 000 000
EUR
• Rather small scale dispersed projects: 5000 – 50000
EUR/year
• Biggest projects financed by FP5
• A few bilateral projects: Sweden, Germany, ...
• Two national bioenergy programmes under preparation
• Participation of Poland in NoE Bioenergy (FP6)
Share of biomass to energy conversion topics
in RTD projects ‘2002
Feed stock preparation
Since ‘2003
10%
new topic –
Physical processes
biomass
4%
Corrosion
co-firing with
2%
coal
Materials
due to new
6%
legislation
and industrial
interest Anaerobic digestion
Combustion
18%
Gasification
12%
8%
Transesterification
4%
Flue gas treatment
8%
Fermentation
6%
Pyrolysis
Combined Heat and Power
8%
14%
Source: ERA Bioenergy, FP5,’2003
INTEGRATION of NATIONAL RTD
Polish Sustainable Energy RTD Network of CoE
Institue for
Steering Energy –
Committee coordinator
6FP NCP
EC BREC – coordinator
of bio-energy sub-network
Overcoming barriers to development of bioenergy
„VICIOUS CIRCLE”
OF BIOENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
Market stimulation by
subsidies and legal
instruments
Area of cooperation with
local governments
in implementation
of projects
SMALL SCALE
OF
PRODUCTION
HIGH COSTS
Area of cooperation with
industry and
scientific
centres
R&D of renewable
technologies
Strength of bio-energy in Poland
•Considerable bio-resources availability at lower
than in EU-15 cost (land and labour);
•Potential surplus of agricultural production and
opportunities for energy crops production
•Attractive short term options for heat and CHP
production: coal to biomass (co-firing) or biogas
instead of imported gas/oil
•Continuous improvement of bio-energy policy
and legal framework, driven by the EU
regulations
•Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby
Polish Bio-energy RTD – theses for
further discussion
 Bio-energy
research suffers from under-funding but the existing research
potential is considerable and should be one of the national RTD assets in
near future
 Temporary focus on short and medium term research is essential for better
involvement of bio-energy industry and for increase of the share of private
funding for energy RTD.
 There is a need for joint setting of relevant RTD bio-energy priorities and
measures in Poland, considering biomass resources, maturity and potential
of industry, as well as current specialisation and possible co-operation with
others EU MS.
 Open questions:
 will Poland be
one of the bio-energy leading country in the EU and
advanced technology creator or just technology imitator
 how
much Poland wil contribute to the ERA in scope of renewable
energy/bio-energy?