Transcript Renewable energy – development and share in energy

Renewable energy – development
and share in energy balances of
Central-East Europe
Bioenergy perspectives
Grzegorz Wiśniewski, Ewa Gańko
EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of Excellence
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
General assumptions of the
presentation
Focus on biomass and new Member States
Focus on biomass feedstock, not bioenergy technologies
Focus on enlargement processes - bioenergy challenges
and opportunities
Strenth and weekness of bioenergy
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Background – the role of
bioenergy in the EU
Photovoltaics
Solar thermal collectors
Geothermal
Biogas
EU White Paper on RES – Additional
contribution of RES, 1998 - 2010
Wind energy
Hydropower
Residuals from
agriculture and forestry
Energy crops
Most of the additional RES
contribution (>107 Mtoe) will be
supplied by biomass !
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Structure of primary energy
consumption in 2002
Lithuania
Latvia
Hungary
Coal
Oil and oil products
Natural gas
Nuclear energy
Hygro energy
Others
Es tonia
Cyprus
Malta
Slovenia
Slovakia
Czech Repub
Poland
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Source: Reiche D, 2003, Handbook
4
of Renewable Energies in the
European Union II
Renewable energy share in
TPES, in 2001 [%]
COUNTRY
RES (incl. LH)
BIOMASS
Czech Rep.
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
2,4
11
2,1
36
2
11
2
30
Lithuania
Poland
Slovak Rep.
8,4
5,4
4
8
5
2
Slovenia
REGION
12
7
7
5
Source: IEA 2003
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
5
Structure of RES use
in 2001 [PJ]
120
100
PJ
80
Hydro
Sola r
Ge othe rma l
Wind
Bioma s s
60
40
20
ia
Sl
ov
en
ia
d
Sl
ov
ak
la
n
Po
M
al
ta
La
tv
ia
Li
th
ua
ni
a
ry
ga
H
un
ni
a
Es
to
ub
ep
C
ze
ch
C
R
yp
ru
s
0
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Source: Reiche D, 2003,
Handbook of Renewable
Energies in the European Union
II
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Dynamic of bioenergy
capacity in Poland
70
100
90
60
80
50
70
60
40
Number
Wood DH plants > 5MW
50 Capacity
30
20
40
Number
30
Capcity
20
10
10
0
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
Straw DH plants > 5MW
200
500
180
450
160
400
140
350
120
300
100
250
80
200
60
Liczba
150 Moc
40
100
20
50
0
0
1999
2000
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
2001
2002
7
Land use
Source: FAOSTAT, 2002 & TBFRA, 2000
70
% of land area
60
50
40
30
20
10
CZ
CY
EE
HU
LV
LT
agricultural land
1,6
1,0
1
SLO
NMS
EU-15
exploitable forests
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,4
0
SK
1,2
1,2
0,2
PL
1,4
1,4
ha per capita
MT
0,6
0,3
0,2
0,5
0,2
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,0
0,3
0,3
0,0
0,0
CY
0,5
CZ
EE
HU
LV
LT
MT
PL
SK
SLO
NMS
EU15
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Residue biomass
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Dedicated energy crops
10
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Energy crops potential
223,7
Sl
ov
ak
ia
Sl
Po
la
nd
Li
th
ua
ni
a
3,7
ov
en
ia
3,2
0
a
y
30,1
65,5
La
tv
i
Cz
ec
h
3,6
Hu
ng
ar
10,1
Es
to
ni
a
250
200
150
100
50
0
Re
p.
PJ/year
Based on set-aside and fallow land and av. enery crops yield 7-8 t DM/ha*yr
Energy crops potential
Based on FAO 2002
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
11
Opportunities for energy
crops
fuels import dependency
120
100
Malta
Cyprus
80
Slovakia
60
Slovenia
40
Latvia
Hungary
Lithuania
Estonia
Czech Repub
20
Poland
0
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
agricultural land/capita
Source: FAO 2002; D. Reiche 2003
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
RES-E targets for 2010
EU Directive 2001/77/EC
1999/2000
2010
Renewable
Gross
Consumption
(TWh)
Total Gross
Consumption
(TWh)
Proportion
renewable
electricity (%)
Renewable
Gross
Consumption
(TWh)
Total Gross
Consumption
(TWh)
Proportion
renewable
electricity (%)
0
3
0,05
0,26
4,27
6
Czech
Republic
Estonia
2,34
61,7
3,8
5,66
70,7
8
0,01
6,75
0,2
0,37
7,3
5,1
Hungary
0,22
28,3
0,7
1,71
47,4
3,6
Latvia
2,76
6,5
42,4
4,09
8,3
49,3
Lithuania
0,33
9,95
3,3
0,8
11,4
7
0
1,8
0
0,1
2
5
Poland
2,35
140
1,6
10,5
140
7,5
Slovak
Republic
Slovenia
5,09
28,3
17,9
9,24
29,8
31
3,66
12,2
29,9
4,91
14,6
33,6
Total EU 10
16,8
298,5
5,6
37,62
335,77
20
11,21
Total EU 15
338,41
2435
13,9
646,6
3000,26
22
Total EU 25
355,2
2733,5
13
684,22
3336,03
21
Cyprus
Malta
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Biofuels for transport
trends & targets
Biodisel in EU
Austrian Biofuel Institute, 2002 Eibensteiner & Riedler OEG, 2000
Targets & production estimates
[1000 t/y]
4000
Production volume [1000 t/y]
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2010
Years
Europe West
Europe East
North America
Asia
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
World
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District heating
2001 [PJ]
District heat production [PJ]
PJ
Biomass potentials [PJ]
500
DH market share [%]
%
80
70
68
70
400
52
60
52
50
300
40
38
33
200
40
30
17
20
100
10
IA
SL
O
V
EN
IA
SL
O
V
A
K
D
LA
N
PO
IA
A
N
U
N
G
U
H
LI
TH
A
R
Y
IA
N
TO
ES
R
E
EC
H
C
Z
LA
TV
IA
0
P.
0
Source: Heat from Renewable Energy Sources; HKV B.V. / EC DG ENV; 09.200215
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Strength of bioenergy
 Huge and unexploited bio-resources availability at lower
than in EU-15 cost (land and labour)
 Current surplus of agricultural production » opportunities
for energy crops production
 Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production:
coal and biomass co-firing
 Improvement of policy and legal framework driven by the
EU regulations
 Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Weakness for bioenergy
 Infant bio-energy industry; little capacity and experiences
with more advanced technologies (for bio-electricity and
biofuels)
 Fossil fuels still subsidised, overcapacity of the existing
power systems;
 Risk associated with land competition (food or energy) and
uncertain pattern of agricultural production and future food
demand (protein diet or vegetarian)
 Limited own financial resources and weak technical
infrastructure for large scale bio-energy production
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Bioenergy after EU
enlargement
 Cheaper implementation of EU directives on green
electricity, biofuels and green heat (?) and Kioto targets
 Development of European solid and liquid biofuels
market and international trade in the region
Opportunities for bio-energy technologies transfer and
innovation
Bio-resources + advanced bio-energy technology = lower
energy import dependency, both in NMS and EU15
 Sustainable approach to bio-resources production, both
from forestry and agriculture is essential for ACC;
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Thank you
www.ecbrec.pl
Ewa Gańko: [email protected]
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Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Utilisation of RES
in Poland ‘2002 (by EC BREC)
Source
Capacity
(MW)
Electricity
Production (GWh)
Heat
production
(TJ)
Total energy
production
(TJ)
Contribution to
total energy
production
Biomass
~6500
310
102056
103173
92.0
Solar
17
-
37
37
0.0
Geothermal
+
heat pumps
89
-
526
526
0.5
Wind
29
60
-
216
0.2
2276 (698)
-
8192 (2511)
7.3 (2.2)
2646
102619
112146
100.0
Hydro
(small plants 524 (185)
<5 MW)
Total
~7100
*Biomass – 98% of total production of renewable energy (large hydro-electric power plants not included)20
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
Capacity increase of RES in
Poland in 1999-2002
RES installation
Capacity in
MW in 1999
Capacity in
MW in 2002
Capacity
increase in
MW
Growth
rate in
%/year
Wood-fired heating plants
350
450
100
8.7
Straw-fired heating plants
13
92
79
92.0
Biomass-fired boilers
7
23
16
48.7
Town biogas plants
38.9
61.5
22.6
16.5
Landfill gas plants
9
15.4
6.4
19.6
Solar collectors
6.5
17
10.5
37.8
Geothermal energy
26.8
55.75
28.9
27.6
4
28.5
24.5
92.4
156
184.9
28.9
5.8
611.2
928.05
316.8
Wind energy
Small hydro-electric
plants
Total
Average:
Capacity increase in wood-fired installations at small consumers and in industry is unknown. 15
Renewable energy development and share in energy balances in Central-East Europe
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