Transcript Conception of a global SAR mission for land imaging

Conception of a global SAR
mission for land imaging on
the tropics
Gilberto Câmara
Director General
National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
Brazil
Motivation: Brazilian National Plan for
Climate Change
How can Brazil achieve its deforestation targets?
INPE has international credibility
“Today, Brazil’s monitoring system is
the envy of the world. INPE has its
own remote sensing satellite, a joint
effort with China, that allows it to
publish yearly totals of deforested
land that scientists regard as
reliable.”
TerraAmazon
INPE´s results have worldwide impact
Society is watching!
Other countries want to help
Until 2015, Norway will give up to US$ 1 billion to reduce
deforestation in the Amazon. Norway’s contribution will
depend on how successful Brazil will be in reducing
deforestation. Brazil has the largest rain forest and one of
the world’s most advanced systems for surveillance of
deforestation.
Challenge: Cloud cover in the tropics
Most tropical areas have > 50% cloud cover yearly
(source: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project)
Challenge: Cloud cover in Amazonia
São Félix do Xingu, Brazil, cloud covered from October to May
Challenges: clearing size is falling
Deforestation classes per area
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
6%
8%
9%
9%
10%
10 a 25 ha
11%
6%
12%
14%
16%
20%
25%
25 a 50 ha
11%
5%
11%
11%
13%
16%
19%
50 a 100 ha
12%
6%
13%
12%
13%
14%
16%
100 a 150 ha
8%
3%
8%
7%
7%
7%
7%
150 a 300 ha
12%
6%
14%
12%
11%
11%
10%
More than 300 ha
38%
68%
31%
32%
27%
22%
13%
Tendência de Aumento
Aproxim. Estável
Tendência de Redução
Redução
4%
Estável
5%
Aumento
Less than 10 ha
2001
Challenge: deforestation during the rainy
season
Landsat/TM
Alerta DETER
nov-2007
MODIS
August 2007
November 2007
Checking DETER´s data (February 2008)
Clearing land for pasture
during the rainy season
Challenge: need for medium-resolution data
during the rainy season
New deforestation shown by DETER
Landsat/TM 226/68
17/Ago/2007
DETER out-2007
– estágio inicial
Checking DETER´s dataExploração
(February
2008)
Intensive timber extraction
during the rainy season
SAR user requirements in Brazil
Agricult.
Cartogr.
Oil spills
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Oceans
Urban
Mapping
Frequency
L
L
C
L
L
L
C
L
Polariz.
Quad-pol.
N. A.
VV, HH
Quad-pol.
HH, HV
Incidence
Interval
Variable
Variable
20-30°/
45-60°
20-45°
Large interval
20-45°
45-60°
40-45°
Spatial
Resol.
10-30 m
2-5 m
30-50 m
10 – 50 m
5 – 10 m
10 meters
30-100 m
2-5 m
Swath
Width
30-300
Km
N. A.
150-350
Km
100–500
Km
40-100 Km
100 Km
350 Km
40-100
km
Revisit
15 days
N. A..
< 1 day
7-15 days
Seasonal
10 - 15
days
Daily
N.A.
Quad-pol. Quad-pol. Quad-pol.
Source: Brazilian SAR users workshop, 2002 + recent additions (Forestry)
Workshop organizer (2002): W. Paradella Recent additions: D. Valeriano
Motivation for L-band SAR: Amazonia
PETROBRAS Solimões Terminal, Coari [LHH(R) + LVV (G)+LHV(B)]
Images from R99B airborne SAR (SIVAM) in 2005
Campaign chief scientist (INPE): Waldir Paradella
Researcher: F. P. Miranda (PETROBRAS)
Motivation for L-band SAR: Amazonia
Tapajós National Forest [ 10 m res, LHH(R) + LVV (G) + LHV (B)]
Images from R99B airborne SAR (SIVAM) in 2005
Campaign chief scientist (INPE): Waldir Paradella
INPE researchers: C. Freitas, J. R. Santos, L.V. Dutra, C. Mura
Motivation for L-band SAR: Coastal regions
Bragança, Pará [10 m res, LHH(R) LVV(G) LHV(B)]
Images from R99B airborne SAR (SIVAM) in 2005
Campaign chief scientist (INPE): Waldir Paradella
Researchers: P. W. Souza (UFPA), M. T. Prost (MPEG)
Motivation for L-band SAR: Agriculture
L.E. Magalhães, Bahia [ 10 m resul, LHH(R)+LVV(G)+LHV(B)]
Images from R99B airborne SAR (SIVAM) in 2005
Campaign chief scientist (INPE): Waldir Paradella
INPE researchers: B. Rudorff, A.R. Formaggio
Industrial motivation:
Brazilian OrbiSAR-1 SYSTEM
X-band SAR-Image 3x3m
Campinas, Brazil)
Industrial motivation:
Brazilian OrbiSAR-1 SYSTEM
P-band SAR-Image 3x3m, Sorocaba, Brazil (10/2002)
Industrial motivation:
Brazilian OrbiSAR-1 SYSTEM
X-band SAR-Image 3x3m, Campinas, Brazil
LANDSAR (SAR for world´s tropics)
Sun-Synchronous
Dawn-Dusk Orbit;
Full Power on
descending and
ascending;
Double-sided access by
roll maneuver;
5-day full world coverage at 30m;
25-day full world coverage at 10m;
1-day spot at 5m;
LANDSAR (SAR for world´s tropics)
Positioning Control: 100m
Positioning Determination: 30cm near real time.
Attitude :
Control - 0.1º in roll, pitch and yaw
Determination 0.05º in roll, pitch and yaw
Timing Accuracy: 50us.
LANDSAR Modes (initial proposal)
ScanSAR
ScanSAR/TOPSAR:
Number of range looks of detected products: 4
Total ground range swath at the equator: 560km
Resolution: 30 m x 30 m
Global coverage time at the equator: 5 days
Polarization: HH+HV
TOPSAR
LANDSAR Modes (initial proposal)
Stripmap
Spotlight
Number of range looks of detected
products: 8
Total ground range swath at the equator:
115km
Resolution: 14 m x 14 m
Coverage time at the equator: 25 days
Polarization: HH+HV
Number of range looks of detected
products: 2
Total ground range swath at the equator:
50km
Resolution: 5 m x 5 m
Time for Surveying: 1 day
Polarization: HH+HV
LANDSAR Polarization + InSAR
Polarization HH + HV
Interferometric
SAR
LANDSAR Operational Capabilities:
Amazonia in 5 days with 30 m resolution
LANDSAR Operational Capabilities:
Amazonia in 25 days with 10 m resolution
Comparison: wide swath in 2014
LandSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
ALOS-2
TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
(India)
(ESA)
(Argentin
a)
1.25
5.35
5.4
1.3
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
30
50
25
115
100
18.5
100
Max Range Swath (km)
560
240
250
270
350
100
200
HH, HV,
VH, VV
dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Single,
Dual
HH+HV
or VV+VH
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
6
(2sats)
?
?
11
4
Coverage Time (days)
5
13
6
(2sats)
2 at 35º
South
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
Systematic
73
?
60
(2sats)
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011 and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Acquisition (times/year)
To be launched in
(4
sats)
Comparison: narrow swath in 2014
LandSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
(India)
(ESA)
(Argent)
1.25
5.35
5.4
1.3
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
14
3
5
7
10
6
15
Max Range Swath (km)
115
30
80
50
70
30
40
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
?
Single,
Dual,
Full
dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
6
(2 sats)
?
?
11
4
(4 sats)
Coverage Time (days)
25
19
6
(2 sats)
?
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
Systematic
14
?
60
(2 sats)
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011
and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Acquisition (times/year)
To be launched in
ALOS-2 TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
Comparison: spotlight mode in 2014
LandSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
ALOS-2
TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
(India)
(ESA)
(Argent)
1.25
5.35
-
-
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
3
<2
-
-
3
1.5
1
Max Range Swath (km)
50
10
-
-
25
10
10
dual
?
-
-
Single
Dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
-
-
?
11
4
Coverage Time (days)
1-2
?
-
-
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
-
?
-
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011
and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Systematic
(4
sats)
Acquisition
(times/year)
To be launched in