Transcript A Proposal for a Global Forest Information System - DPI

A Proposal for a Global
Forest Information System
Gilberto Câmara, INPE
Lúbia Vinhas, INPE
Dalton Valeriano, INPE
Fred Fonseca, Penn State Univ.
Clodoveu Davis, Univ Minas Gerais - Brazil
Brazilian National Plan for Climate Change
How can Brazil achieve its deforestation targets?
Degradation and deforestation
Barlow and Peres (2008)
T1 - Selective logging
T2 – Partial Loss of forest structure
T3 – Collapse of forest structure
T4 – Clear-cut area
Progressive degradation
T1 – Selective logging
T2 – Partial loss of forest structure
T1,5 – Loss of undercover due to fire
T3 – Complete loss of forest structure
Progressive degradation: the final steps
Severely degraded forest
Marcelândia (MT, Brazil) – Jan-2008
(4.000 ha)
Pasture
Pasture inside a
forest area
PRODES: Clear-cut deforestation mapping
~230 scenes
Landsat/year
Yearly detailed estimates of clear-cut areas
DETER: Real-time deforestation monitoring
15-day alerts of newly deforested large areas
DEGRAD: Forest degradation
0
10 Km
Forest degradation in LANDSAT image (June 2008)
TerraAmazon – open source software
for large-scale land change monitoring
116-112
116-113
166-112
Spatial database (PostgreSQL with vectors and images)
2004-2008 data: 3 million polygons, 300 GB images, 250 GB
vector data
How hard is to use MODIS?
Landsat/TM (August 2007)
MODIS
(November
Alerta DETER
nov-2007 2007)
Detection of deforestation and degradation in MODIS
requires much expertise (low-resolution artifacts)
Checking DETER´s data (February 2008)
Clearing area for pasture
Validation is essential for credibility!
How hard is to use ALOS?
LANDSAT TM image (June 2007)
ALOS L-HH image (July 2007)
The real thing (Marcelandia, Brazil)
ALOS L-HH image (November 2007)
Backscatter is seasonally variable (chance of false positives and false negatives)
Methods: Mixture Model
Original LANDSAT TM image
Soil component
Vegetation component
Shade component
Import Image
Georeferencing
Mixture Model
Model
Segmentation
Classification
Interpretation
and Edition
Auditing
Dissemination
In search of the pure pixels (the Holy Grail of remote sensing)
Methods: Segmentation
Soil component
Import Image
Georeferencing
Mixture Model
Segmentation
Classification
Interpretation
and Edition
Auditing
Dissemination
Segmented soil component
Methods: Classification
Import Image
Georeferencing
Mixture Model
Segmentation
Classification
Interpretation
and Edition
Auditing
Deforestation 2005-2006
Dissemination
Deforestation 2004-2005
Forest
Previous deforestation
Methods: Editing and auditing
Import Image
Georeferencing
Mixture Model
Segmentation
Classification
Interpretation
Interpretation
and Edition
and
Auditing
Dissemination
A lot of work goes into editing and auditing!
Results: Wall-to-wall maps
Import Image
Georeferencing
Mixture Model
Segmentation
Classification
Interpretation
Interpretation
and Edition
and
Auditing
Dissemination
Deforestation is spatially autocorrelated
(wall-to-wall maps are required)
CBERS-3
Amazônia-1
CBERS-4
CBERS-SAR
Amazônia-2
CBERS-5
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
INPE´s Remote Sensing Satellites: 2010-2020
CBERS-6
Amazônia-3
CBERS: China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite
Amazônia-1: 100% Brazilian
The Anti-Uncle Scrooge Principle
LANDSAT data archive (USGS)
A penny saved is a
penny earned
A pixel unused is a
penny wasted
Value comes from use!
What is a public good?
Non-rival
...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each
individual's consumption of such a good leads to no
subtractions from any other individual's consumption of
that good... (Samuelson)
Non-excludable
it is impossible to exclude any individuals from
consuming the good
Almost all spatial data are public goods
Global Forest Information System
The Digital Earth vision
…images, maps, research
results, laws, policies,
and citizen-provided
information can be
indexed, searched,
discovered and used by
any interested parties...
A Global Forest Information System
LANDSAT TM (30 m)
Navigate, describe, understand: image navigation
and processing, production and dissemination of
information, knowledge-building using semantics
CBERS HRC (2,5 m)
“A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there
needs to be a system in place to ensure their images
are readily available to everyone who needs them.
Brazil has set an important precedent by making its
Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the
world should follow suit.”
Data for the world´s tropical areas
Urumchi
Miyun
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Accra(?)
Boa Vista
Nairobi(?)
Darwin)
Cuiabá
Jo´burg
Global satellite data in 5 meter+ will be free
Concerted action needed with benefits to all involved
Optical Satellites for Forestry
HRC CBERS-2B
LISS-4 (IRS-P6)
100
MUX CBERS-3/4
SPOT PAN
50
Revisit (days)
Mapping
MUX
CBERS-5/6
CBERS SAR-2
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
HRG SPOT
LISS-3 IRS-P6/7
TM LANDSAT
10 Description
SENTINEL-2
Detection
CBERS SAR-1
5
AWFI
CBERS-5/6
AWIFS (IRS-P6/7)
AWFI CBERS-3/4
AWFI
WFI CBERS-2
Amaz-1/2
MODIS
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (metres)
100
500
1000
Multiple perspectives
Type 1: Capable national
agencies
Type 2: Other National
agencies
Type 3: International
organizations
Type 4: Scientists and
experts
Type 5: Private companies
(markets and services)
Type 6: NGOs and common
citizens.
Supporting Type 1 users with high-resolution
CBERS-HRC image (2,5 meters)
Degradation
Deforestation
Validation sites (INPE, Feb 2008)
High-resolution images support validation
Supporting Type 2 users with web tools
Angola
CBERS CCD (20 m) 24-June-08
GoogleEarth (resolution? date? )
Angola national
report?
Web-based tools for mapping, validation
and assessment of deforestation
Supporting Type 4 users with semantics
Overcoming the
semantical debate
Deforestation!
Knowledge
base A
What is
deforestation?
Deforestation?
Knowledge
base B
Supporting Type 6 users: Society is watching!
Global Forest Information System
National, int´l agencies
Open Globes
Congo DR
OpenForestMap
WikiForest
Scientists, Citizens, Markets
Angola
Development as Freedom (Amartya Sen)
The goal of development is the promotion and expansion
of valuable capabilities. Capability is the freedom to
achieve valuable beings and doings.