Transcript Janusz Lewandowski

Krzysztof Badyda
ITC
INSTITUTE OF HEAT ENGINEERING
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
http://www.itc.pw.edu.pl
Some Aspects of Energy Efficiency
and Energy Conservation
in Power Generation Industry
(Round Table discussion)
Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation
A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle
October 7- 8th, 2004, Warsaw
Warsaw University of Technology
(Politechnika Warszawska)
ITC
General information
The Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) is the largest
academic school of technology in Poland, employing 2.000
professors. The number of students is 30.000, most of them
study full-time. There are 17 faculties covering almost all
fields of science and technology.
The Institute of Heat Engineering is part of the Faculty of
Power and Aeronautical Engineering (FPAE - MEiL) of the
WUT.
Staff of the Institute - 130 persons, incl. 30 doctor students,
and 25 technical and administration staff.
ITC
Institute of Heat Engineering: structure
Management:
Prof. Janusz Lewandowski
Prof. Jerzy Banaszek - didactics and research
Dr Tomasz Wiśniewski - technical aspects,
organisation and finance
Division of Refrigeration, Machines and
Equipment for Chemical and Food Industry - Prof. Jerzy Sado
Division of Power Engineering - Prof. Andrzej Miller
Division of Thermodynamics - Prof. Roman Domański
Division of Aircraft Engines - Prof. Piotr Wolański
Division of Pumps,
Drivers and Power Stations - Prof. Waldemar Jędral
ITC
Division of Power Engineering: specialities
Scientific fundamentals of machine design and operation.
Apparatus and their sets in power engineering.
Development of methods for mathematical modelling and simulation of
performance under design, off-design and transient conditions.
Objects
• Utility and captive power plants
• Steam and gas turbines
• Combined and cogeneration sets
• Digital simulators of power plant equipment – turbosets, boilers
• New applications of distributed control systems
• Clean coal and environment protection technologies
• Hydrogen and fuel cells
ITC
Division of Power Engineering:
partners/customers
• Transition Technologies (TT) – a company specialised in
implementation of new computer technologies in power plant
engineering
• Alstom Power Poland – steam and gas turbine manufacturer
• Vattenfall – owner of the largest combined heat and power plant in
Europe (Siekierki – 620 MWel and 2000 MWth)
• BOT Group – owner of the largest power plant in Poland (capacity of
12370 MWel)
• PKN ORLEN – owner of the largest oil refining and petrochemical
plant in Poland, and of the largest captive CHP plant in Poland
• Power plants and combined heat and power plants (utility and captive,
including the distributed power sector)
ITC
Division of Power Engineering:
international partners/co-operation
• National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
• San Diego State University, California, USA
• Kharkov University of Technology, Ukraine
• Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MEI),
Russia
• University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
• International Industrial Assessment Center DOE,
Philadelphia USA (energy audits in industry)
ITC
Division of Power Engineering:
Typical projects in the area of energy saving
(realised in co-operation with industry)
• Modernisation of turbines: adapting of flow systems to off-design
operating conditions
• Modernisation of boilers: adapting to off-design operating conditions
and/or increase of efficiency
• Energy audits for power and other industrial plants, proposals of
production process modernisation or modification
• Modelling of energy and technology systems, process losses
determination
• Optimisation of load distribution in combined heat and power plants
using automatic model construction (DCS)
• New applications of distributed control systems in power generation
industry
ITC
Energy audit
at Siekierki Combined Heat and Power Plant
Sankey diagram of energy flows for part of the Siekierki CHP plant in typical conditions
Boiler driving with neural networks
in Połaniec Power Plant
ITC
Primary steam
Combustion
temperature
Secondary
steam
Temperatures
and their
differences
PW1...6
OFA
MW1...6
Secondary air
Total air
Concentration L,R
CO
O2
NOx
Outlet gases
temperature L,R
ITC
Optimisation results
• Reduction of NOx emission by approx. 15-25%
• Efficiency increased by approx. 0.2 - 0.7%
• Elimination of CO
• Number of flammable parts not increased
• Economic operation of actuators
• Safe switching over (supervision system)
• Improved system reliability
Optimisation of load distribution at a CHP plant
oil
gas
oil
gas
oil
gas
oil
gas
oil
gas
oil
gas
oil
gas
ITC
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
12.8 MPa
TG1

TG2

TG3

TG4

TG5

3.4 MPa
1.8 MPa
0.75 MPa
0.12 MPa
Simplified heat diagram
Optimisation results
ITC
0.14
Nel
[MW]
Bs
B
200
0.12
190
0.10
180
0
5
10
t [h]
Generated electric power
0.08
15
0
50
100
t [h]
Relative obtainable fuel savings
Hydrogen Turbine Project
WE-NET – co-operation with Japan
ITC
Modified New Rankine Cycle (MNRC)
proposal of ITC
H2
h = 84,5%
c
h = 66,4%
R
h
= 66,4%
HHV
h
= 77,2%
LHV
O2
H2
HPT
O2
MPT
H2
O2
LPT
ITC
Pressurised fluidised bed boiler
installation diagram
ITC
Power generation industry in Poland
Installed capacity: 35000 MW.
Electricity generation of distributed power generation sector:
very low – installed capacity (end of 2002 – excl. industrial power):
wind power 31 MW, biogas 42 MW, small water plants 492 MW.
Contribution to the energy production: 0.2%.
Needed intensive development of electricity sources using
renewable energy.
Relatively high rate of electricity production combined with heat
generation.
Combined heat and power plant capacity: domination of large
plants.
Domination of coal in the energy sector.
ITC
Cogeneration electricity production
rate in Poland from 1985 to 2002
Average for EC („old” 15) in 2000: about 10%.
Elcomb/Eltotal[%]
20
18
16
14
12
10
1985
1990
1995
Year
2000
2005
Cz
ec
h
Po
rtu
in
ga
Sp
a
ly
tri
a
ds
Ita
us
rla
n
A
he
ma
rk
ub
Hu
n
ga
ry
d
lic
Po
lan
Re
p
e
nd
Eu
ro
p
Ire
la
l
Ge
rm
an
y
Sw
ed
en
Be
lg
iu
m
Ne
t
De
n
Electricity in cogeneration rate [%]
ITC
Rate of combined electricity production 2001
(selected „old” and „new” EC members)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ITC
Domination of coal
in the electricity production
in Poland
Hard coal and lignite: 93% !!
ITC
Energy efficiency and energy savings:
proposals of co-operation
• Research on advanced power systems with use of hydrogen, esp.
two-source systems
• Research and analysis of clean coal technologies
• Analysis of new concepts of zero CO2 emission power generation
technologies
• Fuel cell hybrid systems - research and development
• Implementation of mathematical modelling of power installations
in collaboration with distributed control systems (DCS)
• New concept of power plant information system
ITC
Fuel cell hybrid systems
Recently, the interest in investigation on ultra-efficient electricity
generation systems is focused on the application of fuel cells.
From distributed generation point of view (200 kW to 20 MW),
two types of fuel cells are considered: Molten Carbonate Fuel
Cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. These types of fuel cells require
more complex configuration of power plant cycle for proper
operation.
The introduction of fuel cell into power plant cycle creates a
hybrid system. The research and development of these hybrid
systems is a key for future use of this kind of energy sources. The
focus of investigations should be laid on design, off-design and
dynamic simulations of hybrid systems.
ITC
Implementation of mathematical modelling
of power installations in collaboration with
distributed control systems (DCS)
The new abilities for data transfer and recording within the DCS
make the implementation of different application software
possible. The software co-operating with DCS can also generate
information for the system. That makes simulation of operation
of controlled installation elements possible.
Examples of projects of implementation of mathematical
modelling for DCS applications, realised in our Institute: digital
simulator of a back-pressure extracting steam turbine, digital
simulator of a steam boiler, optimisation of load distribution in
captive and utility power plants (combined heat and power),
software products supporting operation of power plants .
ITC
New concept of power plant information system
Distributed control systems (DCS) are installed in all major
power and industrial plants. The automatic collection of technical
data and computer processing ability open and even force new
opportunities of process control and maintenance. On the other
hand, a new concept of management information system (MIS)
organisation in power plants and companies should be done. The
new policy on the Polish energy market strongly speeds the
consolidation of generators into power concerns up. Therefore, in
several enterprises kind of remote management centres will be
created. New MISs need to be used for them. A concept of
complex utilisation data warehouse and “power portal” (internet
type GUI), which seems to be the most suitable for this kind of
application, was presented in multiple papers.
Krzysztof Badyda
ITC
INSTITUTE OF HEAT ENGINEERING
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
http://www.itc.pw.edu.pl
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !
Krzysztof Badyda D.Sc., Ph.D.
Professor
Warsaw University of Technology
Institute of Heat Engineering
Nowowiejska 25 Str.
pl 00-665 Warszawa
tel. (+48-22) 660-5281, 825-29-01
fax. (+48-22) 825-25-65
e-mail: [email protected]
Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation
A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle
October 7- 8th, 2004, Warsaw