Transcript ASM 336 - Purdue University

Confined Animal
Feeding Operations CAFOs
ASM 336
September 30, 2013
CAFO Characteristics
• High stocking rate
• For economies of scale (highest output at the lowest
cost)
• Artificial methods to insure health and improve
production
• Antibiotics & pesticides
• Modern machinery and, often, biotechnology
• Breeding programs to produce animals suited to
confined conditions and a consistent food
product
Confinement Operations
• Usual species: cows, pigs, turkeys, chickens
Concerns
• Large amounts of waste products
• Dead animals
• Concentration of animals
• Lack of pasture
• Lack of movement
• De-beaking of chickens (which averts vicious
fighting & cannibalism)
• Confinement of sows in gestation crates (which
keeps them from fighting)
UK, Farm Animal Welfare Council
• Five freedoms:
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Freedom from hunger & thirst
Freedom from discomfort, pain, injury or disease
Freedom to express normal behavior
Freedom from fear
Freedom from distress
U.S. Survey
• Which of the following is of highest importance?
• Animals properly fed, watered, housed, and
treated for injury and disease
• Natural animal behavior & comfort
• Price of food
U. S. Consumer Survey
• Consumer Ranking
1. Natural animal behavior & comfort (46%)
2. Animals properly fed, watered, housed, and treated
for injury and disease (40%)
3. Price of food (14%)
• Consumers generally report that “a high standard of
animal care” is their biggest concern, defined as:
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Allowing natural behaviors
Outdoor exercise
Shelter
Socialization
Comfortable bedding
Human Health
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC):
• Farms on which animals are intensively reared can
cause adverse health reactions in farm workers
• Workers may develop acute and chronic lung
disease, musculoskeletal injuries, and may catch
infections that transmit from animals to human
beings
• Chemical, bacterial, and viral compounds from
animal waste may travel in the soil and water
• Residents near such farms report nuisances such as
unpleasant smell, flies and adverse health effects
Animal Health
Confinement and overcrowding impacts on animals:
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Can provide optimum conditions for viral mutations and
transmission
• Causes a lack of natural locomotion and exercise which
weakens bones and muscles
• Selection of generations of birds for faster growth rates
and higher meat yields has led to
• A high degree of genetic uniformity
• Immune systems less able to cope with infections
Indiana CAFO Study
June 19, 2009
Report:
• Surveyed 50 swine and dairy operation
personnel in 8 counties (Benton, Cass,
Huntington, Jasper, Jay, Randolph, Wabash, and
Wells)
• Represented the largest concentration of animal
facilities in the state
• There were approximately 645 CAFO operations
in Indiana at the time of the study
Partner Work
• Talk with your assigned partner to answer
questions 5 – 9 on your notes (both)
• Guess the answers that were found in a 2009
research project – CAFO operators were
questioned
• You have 5 minutes
• I will share what the IN swine and dairy
operation personnel actually reported
CAFO Question Partners
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K Bender/T Peters
M Burke/D Pike
J Bunchek/B Popp
T Clemens/ L Roederer
C Keown/M Rosenberg
J Lambert/M Yearwood
J Pelsy/D Zumwalt
K Fischer/C Schuman
D Harbison/M Warstler
S Metcalf/J Waterman
M Misch/L Weiss
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C Noyes/S Williams
J Paarlberg/J Wint
N Redelman/A Yaggie
D= Romesberg/P Hellwarth
K Brown/E Geis
J Cale/A Guckien
J Carter/C Huston
L Christman/A Lupfer
J Crum/G Meents
A Cupp/J Nannet
Demographics & Acceptance
• The average operator was younger and more
educated than the average Indiana farmer
• CAFO operators faced little opposition in the
siting process
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A few operators reported that their siting process was
opposed by individuals or organized groups
• 80% of surveyed operators reported that
community response as mostly positive or all
positive
IN CAFO Study – Personnel
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CAFO operators make greater use of
hired labor than typical farm
operations and wages are higher
(average $12.38 per hour, compared to
an average farm wage of $8.50 an
hour)
Hired labor varies from hired managers
to part-time help
IN CAFO Study - Environmental
• Environmental violations by CAFO operations
were uncommon
• In the counties in the study, less than 1% of
CAFOs were cited for water quality violations
• Conclusion: there was little evidence to suggest
that the size or type of operation predicts an
increase in the chance of an environmental
violation occurring
IN CAFO Study - Economic
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CAFO operators make large feed and supplies
purchases both locally and regionally
Some CAFOs generate enough added tax revenue to
cover the added costs they create for a county but
some do not
All eight counties have zoning ordinances that apply
to land use
Each county approaches CAFO regulations
differently, from”
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All decisions made on a case-by-case basis
…to…
Clearly defined development standards and land-use zones
CAFO Fact Sheets
• Talk with your assigned partner (as before) read
and discuss the CAFO fact sheet you are given
• Answer questions 10-12 on your class notes
(both)
• I will use the bullet points to report to the entire
class on Wednesday so we all have the
information from all the fact sheets
• Turn in your class notes today
Partners
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K Bender/T Peters
M Burke/D Pike
J Bunchek/B Popp
T Clemens/ L Roederer
C Keown/M Rosenberg
J Lambert/M Yearwood
J Pelsy/D Zumwalt
K Fischer/C Schuman
D Harbison/M Warstler
S Metcalf/J Waterman
M Misch/L Weiss
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C Noyes/S Williams
J Paarlberg/J Wint
N Redelman/A Yaggie
D= Romesberg/P Hellwarth
K Brown/E Geis
J Cale/A Guckien
J Carter/C Huston
L Christman/A Lupfer
J Crum/G Meents
A Cupp/J Nannet
Reading Assignment
• Choose one of the articles listed under “Air
Quality”
• Diet and Feed Management Practices Affect Air Quality from
Poultry and Swine Operations (AS-582-W)
• Dust Management in Horse Facilities (ID-444-W)
• Forests and Our Environment (FNR-139-W)
• Matching Multiple Ventilation Fans (BV-1-W)
• You will be asked to summarize the article on
Wednesday (‘closed book’)
• Title, author, and main points (bullet list)