Transcript ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS - Colorado State University

ANIMAL FEEDING
OPERATION REGS
Ron Jepson
CDPHE - Water Quality
Control Division
What is an AFO?
• Confined animal or
poultry growing
operation
– Livestock fed for 45
days or longer in any
12-month period
– No forage growth
during growing season
• Non-point pollution
What is a CAFO?
• Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
Must be an AFO first
AFO with 1,000 animal unit equivalency
 Equivalency factors (50% of adult wt. = 50% AU)
 Feed cattle
1.0
 Dairy cattle
1.4 (715)
 Swine or Sheep
0.2 (5,000)
 Horses
1.0
 Chickens/Turkeys
0.01 - 0.02
CAFOs (cont)
• Any AFO can be
designated a CAFO if:
– Pollutants discharged
into waters of state:
 through ditch or other
manmade device
 through contamination
of flow-through water
CAFOs (cont)
• An AFO is a CAFO
if:
• Located where it
could affect a
hydrologically
sensitive area
Colorado’s CAFO Regulation
• CAFO here means Confined Animal
Feeding Operations (since 1974/92)
– Versus Concentrated
• Regulates AFOs and CAFOs
• Protect surface & ground water, and soils
• Regulation No. 81
What is a HCSFO?
Housed Commercial Swine Feeding Operations
• > 800,000 pounds of live weight capacity at any
one time
– Or is deemed commercial by local zoning or land use
• Amendment 14 in 1998
• Regulation No. 61
Colorado’s Two AFO Regs
http://www.cdphe.state.
co.us/regs/100281.pdf
www…./100261.pdf
CAFO Regs (cont) - Discharges
Goal: No discharge to waters of state
Discharge
• Introduction or addition of a pollutant into
state waters
• Except as result of 25-year, 24-hour storm
• Discharges from chronic storms  permit
CAFOs (cont)
WATERS OF THE STATE
Any and all surface and subsurface
waters which are contained in or flow
through Colorado.

Includes dry washes
CAFO Regs (cont) - AFOs
• AFOs must utilize BMPs, as appropriate
– To reduce impacts from AFOs
1. Divert runoff from uncontaminated areas
• e.g., roofs, ditches, terraces
2. Decrease open lot surface area
• e.g.,  animal density, roofs, collect manure
frequently
CAFO Regs (cont) - AFOs
3. Decrease water volume
• Minimize water wastage
• Minimize flushing volumes
• Recycle
4. Decrease discharges to watercourses
• Impound and evaporate wastewater
• Land apply at agronomic rates
• No storage within 100-year flood plain
CAFO Regs (cont) - AFOs
5. Minimize transport to water (cont)
• Remove settleable solids
– Settling basins, terraces, diversions
• Grassed strips, filter fences, straw bales at edge of
eroded soil
6. Protect groundwater
• Locate a min. 150’ from water wells
• Establish land application buffers around wells
CAFO Regs (cont) - CAFOs
• Are concentrated AFOs
• Point sources of pollution
• Divert run-on water; collect contaminated
run-off water (1/4” to 1/32”/day seepage)
• No discharge except as a result of storms in
excess of 25-year, 24-hour event.
• No siting requirements
– HCSFOs: 50’ to 300’ from water
CAFO Regs (cont) - CAFOs
• Land application
– Flood irrigation: recover tailwater
– No discharge to waters when ground is frozen,
saturated, or during rainfall
– Three options of applying manure at agronomic
rates
• Submit manure and process wastewater
management plan to the WQCD
– (if new or expanded after 8/92)
CAFOs - Discharge Permits
• Discharge permit from state not required if
discharge only as result of storms in excess
of 25-year, 24-hour storm.
• State released a CAFO general permit for
public comment on March 2, 2001
– Available in May, 2001
AFOs and CNMPs
Four Minimum Elements of a CNMP
• Per December 1, 2000, USDA CNMP Technical
Guidance
– Manure & Process Wastewater Handling
– Land Treatment Practices
• Erosion and runoff control
– Nutrient Management
– Recordkeeping
AFOs and CNMPs
Other Elements of a CNMP
• Feed Management
• Other Utilization Activities
– Composting, pelleting, treatment systems,
energy production, …
AFOs and CNMPs
Comprehensive Nutrient Management
Plans (CNMPs)
• CNMPs are neither required nor
regulated for AFOs or CAFOs!!!
– Are a national expectation for AFOs under
1999 USDA/EPA National AFO Strategy
CNMPs vs. State CAFO Regs
CNMPs
• Fully integrated
conservation
system
• Feed, air quality,
pathogen, insect
control, visual, and
mortality elements
STATE CAFO REGS
• Specific regulatory
elements are required
 Most CNMP elements
required
Not feed & mortality
management, etc.
Added requirements
under permits
CAFO or AFO?
1. Dairy farm with 650 milking
cows.
2. Feedlot with 900 steers
3. Feedlot with 5000 lambs
CAFO or AFO?
4. Swine operation with 800,000 lbs of live
weight capacity
5. Bare lot next to creek with 2 horses
6. Bare lot with 561 elk
CAFO or AFO?
7. Three AFOs under common ownership or
management
–
Not adjacent to each other
Proposed EPA Changes to CAFO
• From 1,000 AUs to 500 or 750
• Or, revised 3-tier
– 0 to 300, 300 to 1000, over 1000
• 300 to 1,000 answer 6 risk questions
– Direct contact of animals with waters of U.S?
– Insufficient storage/containment?
– Evidence of discharge within last 5 years?
Proposed EPA Changes to CAFO
– Production area within 100’ of waters of U.S.?
– Does not have or is not implementing a nutrient
management plan per EPA specs?
– > 12 tons manure sent off-site to single recipient,
annually?
• Eliminate 25-yr, 24-hr storm event permit
exclusion
• Duty to apply for permit
• Co-permitting of contractor & contractee
Proposed EPA Changes to CAFO
• Definition of CAFO includes both
production area and land application area
• Eliminate use of Animal Unit
– Go to “number of animals” in a class
– For example; 1000 cattle, heifers
• 700 mature dairy cattle
• 10,000 sheep or lambs
• 500 horses
Proposed EPA Changes to CAFO
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Swine and poultry  no discharge
Recordkeeping for off-site manure
Nutrient Budgets: P-based
Permitted until properly closed
Include dry poultry operations
Clarify ag stormwater exemption
GW hydrologic connection to surface water
Proposed EPA Changes to CAFO
• Require mortality management plan
• Comment period ends May 14, 2001
• Public meeting in Denver on March 27,
2001
– Executive Tower Hotel
– 1405 Curtis St.
RON JEPSON’S PHONE NUMBER
303 – 692 - 3520