Transcript PIER Research for the 2008 Residential Building Standards

CALRES Update
Phase 1
Progress Report
April 22, 2009
Bruce Wilcox
Phil Niles
Ken Nittler
CALRES Update
Progress Highlights




We have developed CZM (Conditioned
Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly
heating and cooling loads model for a
single conditioned zone
CZM features improved thermal mass,
ventilation, and solar gain algorithms
We have compared CZM with measured
hourly data
There is more work needed to integrate
CZM into the calculation procedures for the
2011 Standards
April 22, 2009
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Agenda
CALPAS1
 UZM Attic Model
 CALRES Update Project
 Fort Wayne Validation Data
 New CZM Model
 Compare CZM and DATA
 Next Steps

April 22, 2009
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CALPAS1
History
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Developed by Niles to calculate passive
solar system performance for the CEC’s
California Passive Handbook published in
1980
Focus was on passive solar heating and
massive buildings
Descendents include
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April 22, 2009
CALPAS3, CALRES, CNE, ENERGY10
Micropas
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CALPAS1
Context
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Mainframe computers had very limited
calculation capabilities by modern
standards and computer resources were a
big constraint
Building simulations had to be radically
simplified to allow annual calculations:
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April 22, 2009
Micropas reduced year weather files
DOE2 room weighting factors
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CALPAS1
Network Schematic
April 22, 2009
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UZM Residential Attic/Duct Model
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Developed for the 2008 CEC standards with
PIER funding
Project Team:
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Bruce Wilcox
Phil Niles
Ken Nittler
Larry Palmiter
Danny Parker
Approach
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Detailed first principles algorithms
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April 22, 2009
Separate radiant heat transfer
Variable heat transfer coefficients
All surfaces treated as massive
Calculation intensive (10 time steps/hr)
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UZM Attic Simulation Model
Roof Deck
Convection & Radiation
Vent
Vent
Duct
Solar
Attic
Ceiling
Conduction & Infiltration
House
April 22, 2009
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California Data Comparison
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April 22, 2009
One year of measured attic temperature data for Cardinal
Glass research house in Roseville
Unoccupied, instrumented, ACM occupancy
Tile roof with high/low ventilation, sealed ducts in attic, ceiling
construction defects, all modeled using proposed approach
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UZM matches attic temperature pattern for week
including highest attic temperature of the year
120
110
Deg F
100
Outdoor
90
Attic Data
UZM
80
70
60
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
Day
April 22, 2009
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Cool Shingle Life Cycle Cost Supports
New Requirement in Hottest Climates
CTZ
11
13
15
0.25 Aged Reflectance Shingle
Life Cycle Cost Savings, $/ft2 Roof
0.35
0.40
0.57
Based on UZM calculated TDV savings for 0.25 reflectance
shingle compared to a 0.08 reflectance shingle in a
prescriptive 1761 prototype.
First cost premium of 0.25 aged
reflectance shingle is $0.35/ft2
April 22, 2009
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CALRES Update Project
1st Phase Approach
The project team will start with the UZM
attic space model developed by this team
for the PIER Research for the 2008
Building Standards (contract 500-04-006)
produce a proof of concept model with
improved conditioned space ventilation
and cooling related algorithms.
April 22, 2009
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CALRES Update Project
1st Phase Objective
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April 22, 2009
demonstrate the algorithmic
improvements using a single zone loads
simulation
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CALRES Update Project
1st Phase Goals
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Accurately model
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April 22, 2009
solar gain impact (through glazing and
opaque walls) on cooling energy and peak load
the impact of building shell and interior mass
on cooling loads and indoor temperature
variation
ventilation interaction with building mass and
its impact on cooling energy and peak load
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CALRES Update Project
1st Phase Deliverables
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April 22, 2009
A proof of concept hourly heating and
cooling loads model for a single
conditioned zone conventional wood
framed slab on grade home
A comparison of 2008 CALRES and the
improved model with measured hourly
data for relevant homes with air
conditioning and cooling ventilation
A brief report documenting the improved
algorithms
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Cardinal Test Homes
Fort Wayne Indiana
2003 - Present
April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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2.8 ACH50
SLA = 1.4
April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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April 22, 2009
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2004-2005 Heating kWH by Glass Type and
Orientation
9000
8000
7000
6000
kWh
HSLE South
5000
LOE2 South
HSLE West
4000
LSLE West
3000
2000
1000
0
April 22, 2009
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FtW Validation Data
Whole House Fan
April 22, 2009
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FtW Validation Data
Economizer
April 22, 2009
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FtW Validation Data
Natural Ventilation
April 22, 2009
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FtW Validation Data
Natural Ventilation
April 22, 2009
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Ft Wayne Data
Comparison of Vent Cases
85
75
Whole House
Fan
65
Tout
Open
Windows
55
Economizer
45
35
372
April 22, 2009
384
396
408
420
432
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456
468
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FtW Validation Data
Position of Doors is Critical
April 22, 2009
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FtW Natural Ventilation
Open only the 2nd story windows?
April 22, 2009
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Ft Wayne Data
Room Air Temperatures
Deg F
Whole House Fan
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
Dining
Living
Kitchen
Laundry
BR2
BR3
BR4
Mbath
MBR
Day
April 22, 2009
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Ft Wayne Data
Room Air Temperatures
Deg F
Economizer
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
Dining
Living
Kitchen
Laundry
BR2
BR3
BR4
MBR
Day
April 22, 2009
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Ft Wayne Data
Room Air Temperatures
Deg F
Natural Ventilation
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
Dining
Living
Kitchen
Laundry
BR2
BR3
BR4
Mbath
MBR
Day
April 22, 2009
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Ft Wayne Data
Room Air Temperatures
Deg F
No Vent
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
Dining
Living
Kitchen
Laundry
BR2
BR3
BR4
Mbath
MBR
Day
April 22, 2009
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New CZM
Features
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All opaque surfaces are calculated
separately as mass elements (walls,
floors, ceilings, interior walls, furniture)
Separate radiant and convective heat
transfer calculation for all surfaces
Convective coefficients depend on
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April 22, 2009
Surface orientation
Surface and air temperature
Room air movement from HVAC or venting
Solar gains on walls are lagged
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CZM
Network Schematic
April 22, 2009
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Comparison of CZM and Data
Floating Temperature
90
85
80
75
F
Tin CZM
70
Tout
65
Tin Data
60
55
50
72
84
96
108
120
Hour
April 22, 2009
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Comparison of CZM and Data
Mass, Heating and Cooling
90
Tin CZM
80
70
Tout
60
Tin Data
50
40
Heat CZM
30
Cool CZM
20
10
Heat Data
0
Cool Data
-10
-20
-30
328
April 22, 2009
340
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Comparison of CZM and Data
Whole House Fan
90
80
Tin CZM
70
Tout
Tin Data
60
Tave-Flr1
50
40
372
April 22, 2009
384
396
408
420
432
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444
456
468
47
Comparison of CZM and Data
Economizer
85
80
75
Tin CZM
70
Tout
65
Tin Data
60
Flr 1
Temp
55
50
45
40
35
372
April 22, 2009
384
396
408
420
432
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444
456
468
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Comparison of CZM and Data
Natural Vent – 10% open, 8’ Stack
85
80
75
70
Tin CZM
65
Tout
60
Tin Data
55
50
45
40
35
372
April 22, 2009
384
396
408
420
432
444
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456
468
49
Comparison of CZM and Data
Natural Vent - 5% open, 2’ Stack
85
75
Tin
CZM
65
Tout
Tin
Data
55
45
35
372
April 22, 2009
384
396
408
420
432
Wilcox - CalresUp
444
456
468
50
CALRES Update
Next Steps




We have developed CZM (Conditioned
Zone Model), a proof of concept hourly
heating and cooling loads model for a
single conditioned zone
CZM features improved thermal mass,
ventilation, and solar gain algorithms
We have compared CZM with measured
hourly data
There is more work needed to integrate
CZM into the calculation procedures for the
2011 Standards
April 22, 2009
Wilcox - CalresUp
51
Next Steps
Standards Calculation Engine(s)
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Five Separate Functions (Engines)
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Input Engine. Validates the building specification input
by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas)
Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design
(Compliance, HERS, Tax Credit versions) for any
building specification
Calculation Engine. Accepts machine readable input
and returns energy, TDV, etc values
Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed
and Standard design runs and compares them to
determine compliance.
Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints
reports (CF1R, forms etc).
April 22, 2009
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CalresUp Development
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Phase 1 demonstrating technical validity of zone
model improvements. Remaining work:
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Compare with CALRES2008 and DOE2
Report
Phase 2 Needed for 2011 Standards Team
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Multiple conditioned and unconditioned with
interactions. (CZM and UZM)
New window model with surface temperatures
Sky temperature algorithm for new weather files
Validation and Impact analysis
Can start 2011 Standards Development at this point
April 22, 2009
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CalresUp Development
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Phase 3 Needed for 2011 Stakeholders
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Standard Design Engine. Produces a Standard Design
(Compliance version) for any building specification
ACM Manual update
Can finish the 2011 Standards Development here
Phase 4
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
Input Engine. Validates the building specification input
by the user (e. g. no negative wall areas)
Compliance Engine. Assembles values from Proposed
and Standard design runs and compares them to
determine compliance.
Reports Engine. Accepts Compliance results and prints
reports (CF1R, forms etc).
April 22, 2009
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