Transcript Urinary-Repro - Palomar College

Male Reproductive System
• Organs of Male Reproduction
– Gonads (Testes)
• produce gametes (sperm)
• secrete the sex steroid
hormones
• Organs of Male Reproduction
– Ducts (reproductive tract)
• Store Sperm
• Transport sperm
• Organs of Male Reproduction
– Accessory Organs
• Secrete substances that
support sperm
• Organs of Male Reproduction
–External genitalia
•Penis
•scrotum
• Testes
– Located in
the scrotum
– Cremaster
and dartos
muscles help
to regulate
temperature
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
–sustentacular
cells
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
–sustentacular
cells
• Testes
– Within the testes:
• seminiferous
tubules
–developing
sperm
–sustentacular
cells
• interstitial cells
Spermatogenesis
Spermiogenesis
Spermatogenesis
• The testes descend from the
abdomen during fetal
development
• Ducts
• Ducts
–Epididymis
• Ducts
–Epididymis
• Ducts
–Epididymis
– Vas deferens
• Ducts
–Epididymis
– Vas deferens
• Ducts
–Epididymis
– Vas deferens
– Ejaculatory duct
• Ducts
–Epididymis
– Vas deferens
– Ejaculatory duct
• Ducts
–Epididymis
– Vas deferens
– Ejaculatory duct
– Urethra
•Accessory Glands
– Seminal vesicles
– Prostate gland
– Bulbourethral
glands
• Semen
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
– includes prostaglandins,
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
– includes prostaglandins,
bicarbonate,
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
– includes prostaglandins,
bicarbonate, fructose,
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
– includes prostaglandins,
bicarbonate, fructose,
antibiotics,
• Semen
– sperm plus seminal fluid
– 20-150 million sperm/ml
– includes prostaglandins,
bicarbonate, fructose,
antibiotics, & enzymes that
activate sperm
• Penis
– root & body
– glans &
prepuce
• Penis
– erectile
bodies
• corpus
spongiosum
• coropora
cavernosa
• Penis
– erectile
bodies
• corpus
spongiosum
• corpora
cavernosa
•Penis
–erections under the control of
parasympathetic stimulation
– ejaculation: sympathetic
• Spermatic cord
Hormone Control of Male Reproduction
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
FSH & LH (ICSH)
Sperm
production
Testosterone
release
• Other Functions of Testosterone
– development, growth, &
maintenance of male sex
organs
– bone and muscle growth
– 2o sex characteristics
– aggression?
– libido
Female Reproductive System
• Organs of Female Reproduction
– Gonads (Ovaries)
• Organs of Female Reproduction
– Reproductive tract
• uterine tubes
• uterus
• vagina
• Organs of Female Reproduction
– External Genitalia
• Ovaries
–Held in place by ligaments
• ovarian ligaments
• suspensory ligaments
• Ovaries
– Produce gametes (ova)
– Secrete the sex steroid
hormones
•
• Ovaries
– Contain thousands of follicles
– Each follicle contains one ovum
•Ovaries
– each month one follicle
matures
– at ovulation: a mature follicle
releases an ovum
• Ovaries
– hormones secreted include
• estrogens
• progestins (progesterone)
• Uterine Tubes
– Smooth
muscle tubes
– Lined with
ciliated
columnar
epithelium
• Uterine Tubes
– Features:
• infundibulum
• frimbriae
• ampulla
• Uterine Tubes
– Site of
fertilization
– Pathway to
uterus
• Uterus
– “Womb”
– Held in place
by ligaments
• broad
ligament
• round
ligament
• uterosacral
ligament
• Uterus
– Site of
• embryo
implantation
• embryo and
fetal
development
• labor
• Uterus
– Anatomical
regions
• fundus
• body
• cervix
• Uterus
– Uterine wall
consists of three
layers
• endometrium
• myometrium
• perimetrium
• Uterus
– Endometrium divided into
• functional zone
• basilar zone
• Vagina
– muscular tube between
urinary bladder and rectum
•Vagina
– pathway for sperm
– pathway for menstrual flow
– birth canal
– vaginal opening may be
partially covered by the
hymen
• Vagina
– lined with
stratified
squamous
epithelium
• External genitalia: vulva
• labia
minora
• vestibule
• labia
majora
• mons pubis
• clitoris
• Accessory Structures
• Paraurethral
glands
• Vestibular
glands
•Accessory Structures
• Vestibular Bulb
• Mammary Glands
• 10-15 lobes
• each lobe
consisting of
numerous
lobules
• Mammary Glands
• Mammary ducts
drain each lobe
• Near nipple, the
ducts expand into
sinuses
• Lactiferous ducts
drain sinuses to
outside
• Mammary Glands
• Ducts and
lobules
associated with
myoepithelial
cells
• The breast is
supported by
numerous
suspensory
ligaments
Ovarian cycle
• 1st two weeks: pre-ovulatory phase:
– Follicle maturation
Ovarian cycle
• On day 14 of a
28 day cycle:
–ovulation
Ovarian cycle
• Last two
weeks: corpus
luteum
development
Uterine cycle
• 1st 3-7 days: menses
– loss of functional zone layer of
endometrium
Uterine cycle
• 2nd week: proliferative phase
– restoration of endometrial
functional zone layer
Uterine cycle
• 3rd and 4th weeks: secretory phase
– active endometrial glands
Hormonal Control of Female Reproduction
GnRH
follicle and
ovum
development
FSH & LH
corpus luteum
development
ovulation
estrogens
&
estrogen
progestin
secretion from
secretion
from
follicles
corpus luteum
follicle and
ovum
development
FSH & LH
estrogen secretion
from follicles ovulation
E stimulates regrowth of
endometrium
corpus luteum
development
estrogens &
progestin
secretion from
corpus luteum
E & P stimulate
endometrial gland
secretion
• If (after two weeks) no
pregnancy:
– corpus luteum shuts down.
– E & P secretion stops
– endometrium loses hormonal
support
– menses begins
• If a successful fertilization
occurs:
– corpus luteum does not shut
down.
– E & P secretion continues
– endometrium is maintained
– pregnancy continues
• Why doesn’t the corpus luteum
shut down if an early embryo is
present?
• Other Functions of Estrogen
– development, growth, &
maintenance of female sex organs
– bone and muscle growth
– 2o sex characteristics
– libido
• General Function of Progestins
– preparation of the body for
pregnancy
Thank you ulnar nerve.