Transcript Slide 1

The Two INO Sites
PUSHEP at Singara
RAMMAM at Darjeeling
• Underground facility for conducting experiments in
Science and Engineering
• First Phase : Iron calorimeter experiment using RPC for
Neutrino oscillation detection.
Criteria for good sites
Physics issues
Availability and access
long term ownership
Sharing / Dedicated facility
Depth and all round cover
Distances from Neutrino beams
Time & Cost
Risk factors and Safety issues
Rock condition
Environmental risk
Seismic risk
Time to install detectors for
first experiment
Construction cost
Running cost
Infrastructure
Housing, Connectivity
Local Help & Awareness.
Muon Intensity vs.
Depth in m.w.e.
Present International
Scenario of different
underground facilities.
Area around Singara
PUSHEP at Singara in the Nilgiris
(Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro
Electric Project)
Position : Lat. North 11.5 &
Long. East 76.6
Distance : 7 Km from Masinagudi
30 km from Ooty
Airports : Coimbatore & Calicut
( Domestic) ;
Bangalore (intl)
Railhead : Chamrajnagar
Climate :
Moderate (12-25oC)
Rainfall :
Low (100-150 cm)
Access :
All days around the year
Some basic facts about PUSHEP
Some basic facts about RAMMAM
Rammam at Darjeeling Dist. of
West Bengal.
Position : Lat. North 27.4 &
Long. East 88.1
Distance : 8 Km from Rimbik,
66 Km from Darjeeling
140 Km from Siliguri.
Airport : Bagdogra ( Domestic)
Kolkata ( Intl.)
Railhead : New Jalpaiguri
Climate : Moderate ( 5-200 C)
Rainfall : 300-400 cm.
Access
: Almost all days
Map of tunnel
alignments
at
PUSHEP
Tunnel alignment at PUSHEP
Alignment location
Length
Portal Level
Vertical
cover
All round
Cover
From access Tunnel
1867 m
1019 m
1313 m
> 1000 m
Next to access tunnel
2129 m
1050 m
1299 m
> 1000 m
South of Adit 4 of
hydel project
2380 m
1025 m
1340 m
> 1000 m
Around Adit 4 inlet of
hydel project
3194 m
966 m
1453 m
> 1000 m
Alignment 2 preferred. Detailed report on alignment 2
already made
Reverse gradient of 1:15
The detailed geological features along alignment 2
Details of Joints, Shear
zones, Fracture zones
identified.
Rock mass rated fair to
very good
Map of
tunnel
alignments
at
RAMMAM
Tunnel Alignments at RAMMAM
Alignment location
Length
Portal
Level
Vertical
cover
All round
cover
L1/1 – N2
3251 m
~1100 m
1400 m
1250 m
L1/1 – M1
3080 m
~1100 m
1405 m
~1300 m
L1/1 – N1
3590 m
~1100 m
1560 m
1400 m
L1/1 – N1 – O1
4850 m
~1100 m
1780 m
1650 m
o Horizontal tunnel with slight gradient for exit of water. No pumping required
o Adit of 2000 m as an escape route
o Depending on the present need one can stop at any depth and go deeper
in future
All round rock cover at PUSHEP and RAMMAM
Seismic zoning map
of India issued by
Bureau of Indian
Standards,2000.
Comparison of PUSHEP & RAMMAM
Geo-technical data
PUSHEP
Rock type
Charnockite (Monolith)
Specific gravity
2.62-2.9
Q-factor of tunnel. medium 4 - 45: good to very good
Horz. / vert. stress ratio
Seepage
Geological adversities
Rock radio-activity
1.6 (approx.)
Moist to Dry
Shears, dykes, joints are
mapped from both
surface projections and
underground tunnels
0.005 mR/hr
RAMMAM
Gneiss
2.79-2.84
2 – 40 ; Fair to
very good
Not available
Moist
Shears, dykes,
joints are
mapped from
surface
projections
Less than 0.01
mR/hr
Comparison of PUSHEP & RAMMAM (contd.)
Risk factors
Seismic Risk
PUSHEP
Zone –2
No discernible fault
RAMMAM
Zone – 4
No faults on alignment
Environmental Risk Reserve forest. Portals are Reserve forest. Portals
inside the TNEB / private are inside the WBSEB
land
/ Govt. land.
Civil unrest /
Terrorism
None so far
None so far
INFRASTRUCTURE
• PUSHEP
• Inspection bungalows
• Surplus housing
• Masinagudi exchange
connected by optical fiber .
Radio link with Ooty with high
speed data connection
• Water, Electricity
• Access road, Security
• Road connection to
neighbouring cities good
• RAMMAM
• Inspection bungalow
• Housing available
• Telephone exchange, Optical
fiber link in future
• Water & electricity
• Metal road to portal, security
• Road connections to
neighbouring cities need
improvement.
Helipad facility
BOTH SITES NEED CLEARANCE FROM FOREST DEPARTMENT.
29 th April, 2005
MOU signed between NTPC Hydro Ltd. and WBSEB.
90 MW RAMMAM III to be commissioned by 2011.
~ 450 Crores Project
WILL RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN
INFRASTRUCTURE AROUND THE AREA
Underground tunnel and caverns in the Singara region :
New 150 MW hydel power house cavern (constructed) : 70 m x 20 m x 39 m
Nearly 12 km of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the project site and 60 km
Of tunnels in the Nilgiris
Underground Power House Caverns : Himalayan Geology
Hydel Power Station
Size of Underground Cavern
Naptha Jhakri
project
Machine Hall – 221m X 20m X 50m
Transformer Cavern – 196m X 18m X 29 m
Tala H.E. Project
Bhutan
P.H. Cavern – 206 m X 44m X 20 m
Transformer Hall – 191 m X 26.5m X 16m
Chuka H.E. Project
Bhutan
P.H. Cavern – 141m X 24m X 38 m
Larji H.E. Project
P.H. Cavern – 110 m X 20 m X 42m
Atmospheric muon background as a
function of depth in Meters water
equivalent. PUSHEP is at the same
depth as Gran Sasso. RAMMAM has
much more depth with a reduction of
background : 1/10 of PUSHEP /
Gran Sasso
PUSHEP
Distances from the neutrino beam lines
PUSHEP
RAMMAM
RAMMAM
CERN
7150 Km
6850 Km
JHF
6550 Km
4850 Km
Fermi
Lab.
11300 Km
10600 Km
(with 3700 Km (with no core)
of core )
Facility : backgrounds and depth requirements for
Future Experiments
Experiment
Details
Depth Requirements
Solar Neutrinos
HERON, CLEAN
4500 m.w.e
Geo Neutrinos
1 kton liquid scint.
(like Borexino) Proposed
6500 m.w.e
Dark Matter
(WIMP)
EDEL WEISS
(Frejus Tunnel)
Next Generation
Expts.
4800 m.w.e
> 6000 m.w.e
MOON
(100Mo)
Will require 34 tons
of natural Mo.
~ 6000 m.w.e.
Double beta-decay
A ) Tunnel & Cavern
Tunnel
Cost
&
Time
Length (Km)
Vertical
Cost
Cover (m) (Crores)
Time
(Month)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------PUSHEP (2)
2.13
1299
35
22
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------RAMMAM
2.69
1203
39+20*
24
3.59
1560
50+20*
31
4.85
1780
65+20*
41
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* Rs. 20 crores for adit
B) Civil work ( surface & underground) in
(i) tunnel, (ii) Cavern (iii) Surface laboratory and
(iv) housing/accommodation :
Rs. 35 Crores
C) Facilities in the cavern :
i)
Overhead Crane
ii) Air circulating system
iii) Air conditioning in the labs.
iv)
electrical works
:
Rs. 20 Crores
Time needed before tunnel construction :
12 – 18 months
Time needed for civil work etc. after cavern
Construction
:
12 – 18 months
Acknowledgement
GSI Chennai & GSI East Region, Kolkata
TNEB & WBSEB and Department of Power, W.B.
NIRM, Kolar
Larsen & Tubro
Possibility at
ROHTANG PASS
Connects Kullu – Manali valley
(2100 msl) to Lahaul – Spiti valley
( 3080 msl)
South Portal : 25 Km from Manali
Length : 8802 m
10 m wide ; 10 m high
Rock type : alternate sequence of
Quartzite, Quartzitic schist and
Schist
Project time: 7-9 years
Seismic zone : 4
Above snowline
Vertical cover : up to 1910 m