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WEEK 1ONE Acquiesce (verb) to accept or submit without objection Ambiguous (adj.) having more than one possible meaning Amiable (adj.) friendly; pleasant Annihilate (verb) to destroy completely Arbitrary (adj.) selected at random Avarice (noun) greed Capricious (adj.) an inclination to do things impulsively Chagrin (noun) a feeling of annoyance or disappointment Circuitous (adj.) having a circular or winding course Euphemism (noun) the substitution of an agreeable expression for one that may offend Facetious (adj.) joking, often inappropriately; witty, humorous Gesticulation (noun) the act of making gestures Heinous (adj.) hatefully or shockingly evil Idiosyncrasies (noun) personal peculiarity Implacable (adj.) not capable of being appeased or changed. SAMPLE VOCAB QUIZ WEEK 1 Annihilate Arbitrary Ambiguous 1.The movie’s theme was _____________. It is hard to tell what the writer was trying to say. 2.Billy the Exterminator’s goal is to ____________ wasps and hornets from his customers’ homes. 3.I know that you are upset with your grade, but it is not ______________. It was determined by your work and participation. Week Two: Words from History & Government A anarchy bourgeois boycott bureaucracy canon demagogue hegemony proxy quisling quixotic recession reprisal subversion surrogate viable (n) complete absence of government; political disorder & violence (adj.) typical of the social middle class (verb) to join with others to refuse to use, buy or deal with (n) a system that rigidly adheres to rules, paper forms, and routines (n) an ecclesiastical or secular law or code of laws; any officially recognized set of books (n) leader who obtains power by means of impassioned appeals to the emotions and prejudices of the populace (n) leadership; preponderant influence or authority (n) an agent or substitute; document giving one authority to act for another (n) traitor; collaborator (adj.) romantically idealistic; impractical (n) the act of withdrawing or going back; a moderate and temporary decline in economic (n) the practice of using political or military force without actually resorting to war; retaliation (n) ruination or complete destruction; corruption (n) a substitute (adj.) able to live; likely to survive; workable WEEK 3 WORDS FROM GOVERNMENT (B) Ethos - (noun) the disposition, character, or attitude that distinguishes a particular group, epoch, or region Expatriate - (noun) one who lives in a foreign country Gerrymander - (verb) to divide an area into voting districts to give unfair advantage to one party in an election Imperialism - (noun) the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over countries Lame duck - (noun) elected official who remains in office for a brief period after a successor has been elected Machiavellian - (adj.) acting in accordance with the principles of government; subtly or unscrupulously cunning or deceptive Martial - (adj.) inclined or disposed to war; brave; warlike Muckraker - (noun) one who searches for and exposes real or alleged corruption and scandal Partisan - (noun) an adherent or supporter of a person, party, or cause Protocol - (noun) forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of states; the first copy of a treaty Reactionary - (noun) a person who favors political conservatism or extreme rightism Schism - (noun) a separation or division into factions Suffrage - (noun) the right to vote Totalitarian - (adj.) of or pertaining to a centralized government in which those in control grant neither recognition nor toleration to parties of differing opinions Transition - (noun) process or period of passing from on condition, place, or action to Week 4 – Words about Groups Cabal (noun) a clique; a small group joined in a secret intrigue; a conspiracy Camaraderie (noun) comradeship; good fellowship Caste (noun) a distinct social class or system Cortége (noun) a group of attendants accompanying a person; a ceremonial procession Détente (noun) a relaxing or easing, especially of international tension Echelon (noun) a level of command or authority or rank; a step-like formation of ships, troops, or planes Ecumenical (adj.) universal; promoting or fostering Christian unity throughout the world Elite (adj.) the best or most skilled members of a given social group Esprit de corps (noun) a sense of union and of common interests and responsibilities Freemasonry (noun) a secret or tacit brotherhood; instinctive sympathy Genealogy (noun) lineage; the science of family descent Hierarchy (noun) a group of persons or things arranged in order, rank, or grade Hobnob (verb) to associate on very friendly terms Liaison (noun) the contact maintained between military or navel unitin order to undertake action; an illicit relationship between two people Rapprochement (noun) the reestablishment of cordial relations Week 5 Words from the Social Sciences Aberrant (adj.) deviating from what is normal or typical Anthropomorphism(noun) attributing human shape to gods, objects, and animals Archetype (noun) model; original pattern; prototype Authoritarian (adj.) characterized by unquestioning obedience to authority and by a rejection of individual freedom of judgment and action Catharsis (noun) the relieving of the emotions through art; the alleviation of fears by bringing them to consciousness Demography (noun) the science of vital statistics, as of births, deaths, and population Epidemiology (noun) the branch of medicine which investigates the causes and controls of epidemics Euthanasia (noun) the method of causing death painlessly; mercy killing Extrovert (noun) a person who is active and expressive; a person who is outgoing Psychic (noun) of the psyche or mind; beyond natural or known physical processes Psychopath (noun) a person afflicted with a mental disorder Psychotherapy (noun) using forms of mental treatment to cure nervous disorders Schizophrenia (noun) a mental disorder characterized by delusions of persecution and omnipotence; often referred to as having a “split personality” Subliminal (adj.) below the threshold of comprehension; subconscious Trauma (noun) an emotional experience that has a lasting effect Week 6 Words about Time anachronism (noun) anything that is out of place in time anon (adv.) soon; shortly antebellum (adj.) before the war; especially before the American Civil War antediluvian (adj.) old-fashioned; before the flood atavism (noun) reversion to a primitive life; resemblance to a remote ancestor augury (noun) the art of prophecy; an omen betimes (adv.) early; promptly; before it is too late biennial (adj.) happening every two years diurnal (adj.) daily; of the daytime eon (noun) long, indefinite period of time; thousands of years ephemeral (adj.) short-lived; transitory epoch (noun) noteworthy period generation (noun) the period of time between the birth of one group and that of its offspring; approximately 30 years score (noun) twenty people or objects; twenty years tercentenary (noun) a period of 300 years WEEK 7 Aficionado - (noun) fan; devotee Barrio - (noun) part of the city where Spanish-speaking people live; ghetto Bonanza - (noun) rich pocket of ore; any source of wealth Bravado - (noun) pretended courage Desperado - (noun) bold outlaw; dangerous criminal Flotilla - (noun) small fleet of ships Grandee - (noun) nobleman of the highest rank Hacienda - (noun) large estate; country house Lariat - (noun) lasso; rope used for tethering grazing horses Machismo - (noun) manly self assurance; masculine drive; virility Mañana - (noun/adv.) tomorrow; some indefinite time in the future Palmetto - (noun) small palm tree Renegade - (noun) deserter; turncoat; traitor Siesta - (noun) midday nap Torero - (noun) bullfighter on foot Bane (noun) cause of death, ruin, or distress Deign (verb) to think something beneath one’s dignity; to condescend Eke (verb) to supplement; to manage to make a living with difficulty; to use frugally Knell (verb/noun) to ring a slow, solemn way; a toll; to call or announce by a mournful ringing; an omen of death Mete (verb) to allot, distribute, or apportion Moot (adj.) so hypothetical as to be meaningless Mulct (verb) to punish by a fine or by depriving of something; to exact by fraud or deceit Plumb (adj.) perfectly vertical; directly; to test or sound with a plumb line measure; to discover the facts of; to understand Quail (verb) to draw back in fear; to lose courage or heart; to cower Roil (verb) to make a liquid cloudy or muddy; to stir up or agitate Ruck (noun) a heap or stack; large quantity or crowd; mass of ordinary people or things Shunt (verb) to move or turn to one side; to shift or switch from one track; to turn away Svelte (adj.) slender and graceful; suave; polished Thrall (noun) a slave or bondman; a person under the moral or psychological influence of something or someone else Tryst (adj.) an appointment, as by lovers; to meet Week 9 – QUIZ on THURSDAY!! atonement (noun) amends for wrong-doing bicameral (adj.) composed of two houses, chambers, or branches centenarian (noun) one who is 100 or older decalogue (noun) the Ten Commandments decimate (verb) to destroy a great number of dichotomy (noun) division into two, usually contradictory parts or opinions fathom (noun) measure of water depth equaling six feet millennium (noun) a span of a thousand years nihilism (noun) total rejection of established laws and institutions; total destructiveness toward the world and oneself penultimate (adj.) next to the last primeval (adj.) original; belonging to the first or the earliest age quatrain (noun) a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes quintessence (noun) the most perfect embodiment of something; the purest or most typical instance tithe (noun) one-tenth, or tenth part, of something paid as a contribution or tax to support a religious establishment untrammeled (adj.) unhampered; unrestrained Amplitude Elfin (noun) greatness of size; fullness; breadth of range WEEK 10 (adj.) fairylike; delicate; small and charmingly merry or mischievous Infinitesimal (adj.) too small to be measured Lilliputian (adj.) very small; tiny; narrow minded Megalopolis (noun) an extensive, heavily populated, always urban area Minimize (verb) to reduce to a minimum; decrease to the least possible amount` Minutia (noun) small or trivial details; trifling matters Palatial (adj.) like a palace; large and ornate Peccadillo (noun) a small sin or fault Picayune (adj.) of little value or account; petty or prejudiced Simulacrum (noun) a slight, unreal, or superficial likeness or resemblance Soupcon (noun) a slight trace or flavor; a very small amount Teeming (adj.) swarming; fertile Titanic (adj.) of enormous size, strength, or power Vista (noun) a far reaching intellectual view; a view or prospect, especially seen through a long, narrow avenue or passage; a mental view extending over a long period of time Amorphous (adj.) without definite form; shapeless Gargantuan (adj.) huge; gigantic; prodigious Iota (noun) a very small quantity Lissome (adj.) supple; limber; flexible Macrocosm (noun) the great world; the universe Magnitude (noun) greatness of size or extent; importance or influence Magnum opus (noun) a great work, especially of art or literature Microcosm (noun) little world; miniature universe Micrometer (noun) an instrument for measuring very small distances, WEEK 11 angles, diameters Scabrous (adj.) rough with small points or knobs; bumpy; scaly; full of difficulties Scintilla (noun) the least trace; a particle Serpentine (adj.) evilly cunning or subtle; treacherous; coiled Sinuous (adj.) bending; wavy Smidgen (noun) a small amount; a bit Tenuous (adj.) unsubstantial; flimsy; physically thin Accolade - (noun) praise or approval; an embrace of greeting or salutation WEEK 12 Conclave - (noun) a private or secret meeting; an assembly or gathering, especially one with authority, power or influence Dirge - (noun) a funeral hymn; a slow, sad song, poem or musical composition Draconian - (adj.) harsh or vigorous; a law or code of extreme severity Epicurean - (noun) devoted to the pursuit of pleasure; fond of good food, comfort and ease Gossamer - (adj.) soft, sheer, gauzy fabric; anything light, delicate or insubstantial Immolate - (verb) to kill, as a sacrifice; to destroy or renounce for the sake of something else Juggernaut - (noun) any terrible, irresistible force; anything that extracts blind devotion or terrible sacrifice Junket - (noun) a party, banquet, or outing; a trip taken by an official and paid for with public funds Ostracism - (noun) rejection or exclusion from a group or society by general consent Proletariat - (adj.) the working class; Rigmarole - (noun) confused, incoherent, foolish talk; a complicated and petty procedure Rubric - (noun) title, heading, or direction in a book written or printed in red or otherwise distinguished from the rest of the text Socratic - (adj.) pertaining to Socrates Sycophant - (noun) self-seeking flatterer; fawning parasite; one who attempts to win favor or advance himself through flattery a cappella ad hoc avant-garde coup de grace cul-de-sac fait accompli without instrumental accompaniment for this case only; temporary the leaders of a movement; vanguard the shot or blow which brings death; the finishing stroke a passage or street with only one outlet; dead end something that is already done so that there is no use debating it gauche awkward; lacking grace; without tact junta a political group which seeks to control a government; a faction or cabal laissez-faire hands-off policy; letting businesses operate without government interference non compos mentis incapable of handling one’s own affairs; insane non sequitur in logic this is a conclusion which does not follow from the evidence piece de resistancethe principal dish of a meal; the main item or event in a series quid pro quo one thing in return for another savoir faire a ready knowledge of what to do or say; tact vis-à-vis a person or thing that is face to face with another; opposite Week 14 - Words about Food and Taste a la carte by the card or by the bill of fare; used to describe a meal that is ordered dish by dish assuage to satisfy and slake; to lessen; allay; calm; relieve comestible suitable to be eaten condiment seasoning or relish for food, such as pepper, mustard, or sauce cuisine style of cooking or preparing food culinary of the kitchen or cooking; suitable for use in cooking gastronomic pertaining to the art and science of good eating gourmand a glutton; a person with a hearty liking for good food and drink manna food miraculously provided for the Israelites in the wilderness; divine and spiritual sustenance; anything badly needed that comes unexpectedly palatable pleasing or acceptable to the taste; acceptable to the mind piquant agreeably pungent or stimulating to the taste; pleasantly sharp or bitter; exciting; stimulating refection refreshment, especially with food or drink repast a meal, mealtime subsistence existence; means of support or livelihood; often the barest viands foods of various kinds, especially choice dishes Week 15 indigenous inexorable judiciously produced, growing, or living naturally in a region not to be moved by entreaty; relentless having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment lackadaisical lacking life, spirit, or zest malinger to pretend illness to avoid duty meticulous extremely careful in attending to details obstreperous uncontrollably noisy; stubbornly resistant to control ostentatious pretentious or excessive display palpitant rapidly and strongly beating; throbbing poignant painfully affecting the feelings, deeply moving prodigious exciting wonder; extraordinary in size or degree repugnant marked by repugnance; contrary to a person’s tastes or principles scrutinize to examine closely trepidation nervous agitation, horror, terror, panic voracious having a huge appetite; very eager, ravenous Adagio – music played in a leisurely manner; slowly Coiffure – a style of arranging or combing of the hair Crescendo – a gradual, steady increase in loudness or force Denouement – the final resolution of the intricacies of a plot, as of a drama or novel Entrepreneur – a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk Falsetto – an unnaturally or artificially high-pitched voice or register, especially in a man Impasse – a position or situation from which there is no escape; deadlock Ingénue – the part of an artless, innocent, unworldly girl or young woman, especially as represented on the stage Malaise – a condition of general bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of a disease Repartee – a quick, witty reply Staccato – shortened and detached when played or sung Tête-á-tête – a private conversation or interview, usually between two people Tour de force – an exceptional achievement by an artist, author, or the like, that is unlikely to be equaled by that person or anyone else; stroke of genius Vendetta – blood feud; prolonged feud marked by bitter hostility Vignette – an anecdote; a brief literary composition WEEK 18 – WORDS FROM SCIENCE archeology – systematic recovery by scientific methods the material evidence remaining from man’s life and culture in the past ages biopsy – the cutting out of a piece of tissue for diagnostic examination by a microscope cadaver – dead body; corpse for dissection carcinogen – any substance that causes cancer cardiology – the medical study of the diseases and functioning of the heart comatose – as if in a coma; lethargic ecology – the science of the relationships between organisms and their environments gynecology – branch of medicine that deals with women, their diseases & hygiene, and medical care mastectomy – the surgical removal of a breast neurology – the medical science of the nervous system and its disorders paleontology – the study of fossils and ancient forms pathology – the scientific study of the nature of disease, its causes, processes, development, and consequences prosthesis – replacement for a missing part of a body therapeutic – curative; serving to heal toxicology - the study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons & the treatment of poisoning WEEK 19 Aspersion- the act of defaming; a damaging remark Badinage- playful, teasing talk; banter Bombast- talk or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning Censure- strong disapproval, a judgment condemning a person for misconduct Countermand- to cancel or revoke a command Gainsay- to deny; speak or act against; a contradiction Guttural- of the throat; harsh, rasping sound Harangue- a long scolding speech; a tirade Jargon- a language full of specialized words; speech of a certain profession or work Maverick- one who acts independently Nemesis- agent of retribution; just punishment; the enemy Philanderer- one who engages in passing love affairs Resonant- echoing; reinforced and prolonged by reflection Saturnine- sluggish, gloomy; grave Tawdry- cheap, gaudy, showy 20 WORDS FROM MYTHOLOGY Adonis an exceptionally handsome man bacchanal a drunken reveler; a follower of Bacchus, the god of wine calliope a musical instrument fitted with steam whistles, played from a keyboard erotic concerning sexual love and desire gorgon a repulsively ugly or terrifying woman; a monster harpy a shrewish woman; a predatory person hermetic made airtight by fusion or sealing iridescent displaying lustrous colors like those of a rainbow narcissism excessive admiration of oneself odyssey a long series of wanderings, especially when filled with notable experiences or hardships oracular uttered or delivered as if divinely inspired; ominous paean any song of praise, joy, or triumph palladium anything believed to provide protection or safety phoenix a person or thing of peerless beauty or excellence stygian gloomy and dark; hellish 21 – LEGAL LANGUAGE (A) Adjudicate- to hear and settle a case by judicial process Amicus Curiae- friend of the court; a lawyer who advises the court on a legal matter Appellate- having the power to hear appeals and reverse lower court decisions Arson- the crime of setting fire to property in order to collect insurance Collusion- a secret agreement for a deceitful or fraudulent purpose Contiguous- adjacent; touching Contraband- goods forbidden by law to be exported Deposition- testimony under oath, especially in a written statement by a witness for use in court in his absence Equity- something that is just, impartial, and fair; the value of a business or property in excess of any claim against it Exhume- to dig out of the earth Incommunicado- without the means or right of communication with others as one held in solitary confinement Intestate- having made no valid will; one who dies without a legal will Ipso facto- by the fact itself; by that very fact Larceny- theft Lien- the right to take and holder sell the property of a debtor as security payment for a debt; mortgage 22 – LEGAL LANGUAGE B Abnegation – giving up of rights; self-denial Abscond- to run away and hide in order to escape the law Affidavit- a written statement made on oath, usually before a notary public Altercation- a quarrel; an angry or heated dispute Barrister- lawyer in England Battery- a pounding; illegal beating Bequest- that which is given by inheritance; a gift specified in will Codicil- addition to a will; an appendix or supplement Disenfranchise- to deprive the rights of citizenship; to deprive of a privilege Litigation- legal action or process Litigious- quarrelsome; given to carrying on lawsuits Perjury- the deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading or incomplete testimony by a witness under oath in a criminal procedure Pettifogger- a petty, quibbling, unscrupulous lawyer Tort- any wrongful act not involving breach of contract for which a civil suit can be brought Tribunal- a seat or court of justice 23 – Words from Legal Language “C” 1. Capital- involving or punishable by the death penalty 2. Culpable- deserving condemnation or blame 3. Embezzle- to steal money which was entrusted in your care 4. Extradition- turning over a fugitive from one jurisdiction to another 5. Habeas corpus- a court order requiring that a prisoner be produced to determine the legality of his imprisonment 6. Immaterial- without substance; unimportant 7. Incarcerate- to jail; to confine 8. Injunction- a command or order; a court order stopping a person or group from carrying out a given action 9. Jurisprudence- the science or philosophy of law 10. Miscreant- villain, criminal, evil person 11. Perpetrator- a person who commits an offense 12. Plagiarism- passing off someone else’s working or idea as your own 13. Probation- a period of testing or trial; the condition that the convicted demonstrates good behavior in order to stay out of jail 14. Recidivist- a person with a tendency to relapse; chronic offender; habitual criminal 15. Venue- location where trial is held CH. 24 Baleful- deadly, sinister Bellicose- warlike, a quarrelsome nature Bilious- bad tempered, bitter Captious- critical; quick to find fault; quibbling Churlish- boorish, surly, ill mannered, rude Complaisant- willing to please; tending to consent with the wishes of others Debonair- courteous, gracious; having sophisticated charm Demure- modest, shy Dispassionate- fair, impartial, calm Feisty- touchy, excitable Flaccid- weak, feeble, flabby Flippant- disrespectful, saucy Florid- ruddy, rosy, ornate Genteel- well bred, refined, excessively polite Imperious- overbearing, arrogant, domineering WEEK 25 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Ambivalent- conflicting feelings toward a person Circumspect- careful, cautious Contrite- crushed in spirit by feeling of guilt Convivial - festive; sociable Craven - cowardly Crotchety- full of peculiar whims, eccentric Dilatory- slow; late doing things Intractable- hard to manage, unruly Jocund- pleasant, agreeable Licentious- morally unrestrained Mercurial- changeable, volatile Meretricious- flashy, tawdry Splenetic- irritable, bad tempered Truculent- fierce, cruel, savage Vacuous- empty, stupid WEEK -26 1. Disconsolate- sad, dejected, cheerless 2. Ingenious- clever, original, inventive, resourceful 3. Mutable- inconstant, fickle, tending to frequent change 4. Nonchalant- cool, indifferent, without warmth or animation 5. Noxious- unwholesome, harmful to health 6. Obdurate- hard headed, inflexible, not easily moved to pity 7. Obtuse- slow to understand, dull 8. Omniscient- having infinite knowledge 9. Pedantic- stressing trivial points of learning; lacking a sense of proportion in scholarship 10. Pontifical- ornate, stiff, having the pomp and dignity of a high priest or pope 11. Pretentious- making claims to some distinctions; showy 12. Recalcitrant- unruly, refusing to obey authority 13. Ribald- coarse, vulgar in language, irreverent 14. Sardonic- sarcastic, bitter, sneering 15. Voluptuous- sensuous, full of sensual delights and pleasures