Transcript Document

Collecting P. philadelphica in central-southern
Mexico
Research purposes
• To study the genetics of fruit size increase in tomatillo
occurred under domestication. This will be carried out by
association mapping
• To study the population structure in tomatillo: results are
useful for association mapping
• To study the phylogeographic history of tomatillo
• To Investigate where and how cultivated forms where
domesticated: history of domestication
Jalisco
Puebla
Guerrero
Oaxaca
Chiapas
Sources of collection of germplasm
•
•
•
•
•
Undisturbed Vegetation
Disturbed vegetation: Wild forms or “tomate de milpa”
Maize Fields: Wild forms or “tomate de milpa
Cultivated fields: small-fruited and large-fruited varieties
Traditional markets: Wild forms, small and large-fruited
varieties
• Farmer’s stock: small and large-fruited varieties
Other Physalis species collected:
Physalis ampla
Physalis angulata
Physalis ampla
Physalis angulata
Variation in fruit size
Wild
Domesticated
“Tomate de milpa” grows in maize fields called milpas (Jalisco)
Cultivated field in Puebla
Tomatillo is very abundant today in traditional markets in Mexico. It is
the fifth most important vegetable species cultivated in this country
23579 Ha were cultivated in 1990
Women harvest the fruits (November, Puebla)
Women process seeds for next growing season (Puebla)
Fruits are stored in boxes
Ready to be sold
Diseases: Coleoptera eat the leaves
Ethnobotany of the husk tomato
. The word “tomate” comes from the Nahuatl indigenous word
“Ayacach tomatl” and means berry.
. Local names: Miltomate (oax), tomate verde (Jal), tomatillo
(Jalisco, Oax, Puebla), tomate de cascara (Jal, Puebla, Oax,
Chiapas), tomate de hoja (Jalisco, Puebla).
. Aztecs cultivated the husk tomato with maize and used to call it
“miltomate” that means “tomate de milli” or cultivated tomato
with maize. It was used for cooking and medicinal purposes.
Ethnobotany of the husk tomato
Uses:
Salsa Verde
Infusion of calix to make the dough for tamales
Leaves and fruits to treat headaches and stomachaches
Juice to treat the sore throats
Cooked calix to treat diabetes
Sowing and Harvest Dates
Jalisco
Puebla
Oaxaca
Chiapas
Sowing
Harvest
June
July
August-September
September
August-September
September-October
October-November
November
Number of germplasm collections available at BANGEV, USDA and the new collections
State
Baja
California
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Colima
Guanajuato
Guerrero
Hidalgo
Jalisco
México
Michoacán
Morelos
Nayarit
Oaxaca
Puebla
San Luis
Potosí
Sonora
Zacatecas
Total
BANGEV
No. of
No. of
accessions
collection
sites
3
1
USDA
No. of
accessions
-
No. of
collection
sites
-
New Collections
No. of
No. of
accessions
collection
sites
-
1
1
7
7
4
74
26
21
9
9
100
125
1
1
1
6
4
3
45
10
14
6
7
1
16
1
8
4
-
5
4
-
22
13
2
13
3
39
11
-
18
11
1
13
2
37
8
-
1
2
391
1
2
119
12
9
105
90
Number of wild and landrace collections of P. philadelphica per state
40
Number of collections
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Jalisco
Michoacan
Guerrero
Hidalgo
State
wild landrace
Puebla
Oaxaca
Chiapas
Main Findings
New collections mainly from under-collected states: Oaxaca
and Chiapas
Great variation in fruit size exist along the range of
distribution
Truly wild forms were not found. Wild forms are commonly
associated with maize or grow in disturbed habitats near
cultivated fields
Local preferences in fruit type: Purple fruits in Jalisco, big
and green fruits in Puebla, yellow fruits in Guerrero, and
small and purple fruits in Chiapas
The crop is still grown on a traditional agricultural system