Transcript Strengthening administrative systems

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)-The Journey so far and
the Future
Hyderabad
Background
• Large under-employed and surplus labour force in rural
areas with little or no skills
• Livelihood insecurity for millions living in rural areas
• Little or no participation of poor in development
programmes
• Heavy dependence on agriculture for livelihood
• Low agriculture productivity
• Low & unequal wage rates between men & women
• Environmental degradation
Transition from
“Allocation based welfare program”
to
“Rights based, Demand driven, people
centric, bottom-up, self selecting”
strategy
5th Sept., 2005- this historic legislation was passed
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Preamble
“For the enhancement of livelihood
security of rural households by providing
at least one hundred days of guaranteed
wage employment in every financial year
to every household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work”
Objectives
1) supplement wage-employment
opportunities in rural areas – provide a safety
net for rural poor
2) create sustainable rural livelihoods
through rejuvenation of natural resource base
– land, water, forests
3) strengthen grassroots democratic
processes and infuse transparency and
accountability in rural governance
MGNREGA:
Basic Features
• 100 days' wage employment assurance
• Unemployment allowance if work not provided
• A fixed timeline for payment of wages, compensation
for delayed payments
• Transparency & Accountability
• Wages to be credited to Bank/ Post office accounts
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Primary Stakeholders
& Roles
1. Central Govt: Provide funds, ensure that the
spirit of the Act is observed
2. State Govts: Preparation of Scheme &
Implementation
3. Panchayats: Planning & Execution
4. Workers:
rights & entitlements
5. Community: Planning & Oversight
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA: Processes
Work Flow Of MGNREGA
Works
Works proposed by Gram
Sabha
Workers
Fund Transfer
To Apply for Registration
Fund transfer from Center
Gram Panchayat
Feasibility examined
Fund transfer from States
Job card Issued
Technical , Fin. and admn
approval
D.P.C.
HH demands for work
Shelf of work prepared
P.O.
Work completed and
assets created
Work allocation by Panchayat
Work provided, muster roll
filled and wage paid
Expenditure on material
issue
Other Impl. Agency
Transfer fund
pay
Blank muster
roll forms
having unique
no.
Unemploy.
allowance
Admn.
Exp.
Application for Registration
• Unit of Entitlement is the Household.
• Registration application to be made to local Gram
Panchayat.
• Application may be in a form prescribed or a plain
paper or oral
• Prescribed form is free of cost & easily available at
GP
Verification of the
Registration Application
•
The Gram Panchayat verifies the application on
the basis of:
•
•
•
•
•
local domicile
All household members applying for registration are
adult
No discrimination is made in registration in terms
of caste, creed, gender
Single Women living alone may register
independently
After verification, the house hold will be registered
& issued Job card
Registered households
receive a Job Card
Provision of Work
• If work is not provided within the prescribed time limit, workers are eligible
to get unemployment allowance
• Panchayats to prepare a shelf of works which can be offered on
demand
• Work to be provided to only adult members
• Work to be provided within 5 km radius
• If worksite is beyond 5 km, 10% additional wages paid
• Persons older in age & women to be given preference for work nearer to
village
• Each work should have at least 1/3rd of women workers
MGNREGA: Works & Employment
MGNREGA- Works
• Focus
– Conserve & Improve Natural resource base
• Non negotiable- No contractor, No labour displacing
machines
• Category of works
–
–
–
–
–
–
Water conservation and water harvesting
Drought proofing, plantation and afforestation
Irrigation canals, Micro and minor irrigation works
Renovation of traditional water bodies
Land development, flood control and protection
Rural connectivity
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MGNREGA- Works
• Water & Soil
– Catchment Area Treatment (Contour trenches & bunds, graded
bunds, bench terracing, field bunds
–
–
–
–
Check dam construction
Ponds (irrigation pond, dugout sunken pond, percolation tank, farm ponds)
Water harvesting structures
Ground water recharge (contour trenching, recharge shafts, low height
check dams)
– Irrigation provisioning and improvement (dug well, canal
renovation, canal construction, desilting, field channel etc.)
– Renovation of traditional water bodies
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MGNREGA- Works
• Land Development, Drought Proofing & Flood
Control
– Land Development (conservation bench terracing, contour and
graded bunds, field bunds, pasture development)
– Drought Proofing – Afforestation (tree plantation, boundary
plantation, agro forestry, block plantation, agro-horticulture, fencing etc.)
– Flood control (diversion channel, peripheral bunds, surface drainage, field
drains with culverts, renovation of drainage
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Workers Entitlement
• Workers are entitled for basic worksites facilities like:
• Safe drinking water
• Shade for children & for workers during rest
• First aid box for emergency treatment of minor injuries
• One maid to look after 5 or more children below the age of six
years
• Workers are entitled to check the muster rolls at any time
• Workers have a right to ask the measurement details
• If wages are not paid within 15 days, workers are entitled to
receive compensation as per the Payment of Wages Act
MGNREGA : EMPLOYMENT PROVIDED
Employment
provided to H.H.
Persondays
(in Cr.)
Total
SC
ST
Women
Avergage
Persondays per
H.H.
Average wage
per day
F.Y.
(2008-09)
F.Y.
(2009-10)
F.Y.
(2010-11)
F.Y.
(2011-12)
F.Y.
(2012-13)
4.51 cr.
5.26 cr.
5.49 cr.
5.04 cr.
3.24 cr.
216.32
283.59
257.15
216.34
92.65
63.36
(29%)
55.02
(25%)
103.57
48%)
48 days
86.45
(30%)
58.74
(21%)
136.40
(48%)
54 days
78.76
(31%)
53.62
(21%)
122.74 (48%)
47 days
47.70
(22%)
39.59
(18%)
103.81
(48%)
43 days
21.21
(23%)
14.02
(15%)
50.55
(55%)
29 days
` 84
` 90
` 100
` 115
` 130
MGNREGA : TYPES OF WORK
Work Details
Total Works
taken up (New +
Spill over)
(in lacs)
Works
completed
(in lacs)
Water
Conservation
Drought
Proofing
Provision of
Irrigation facility
(Category IV)
Rural
Connectivity
Land
Development
F.Y.
(2008-09)
F.Y.
(2009-10)
F.Y.
(2010-11)
F.Y.
(2011-12)
F.Y.
(2012-13)
(Aug – 2012)
27.75
46.17
50.99
82.51
71.68
12.14
22.59
25.90
18.56
4.83
39%
43%
39%
42%
44%
7%
8%
9%
11%
13%
20%
17%
18%
12%
12%
18%
17%
18%
22%
19%
15%
14%
14%
9%
8%
Transparency & Accountability
Social Audit:
Concept & Practice
• Not fault finding exercise
• Not another layer of “Inspector Raj”
• Tool for empowerment of stakeholders
• Management tool for planners and implementers
• Comprehensive verification of records & field, done by Gram Sabha &
facilitated by trained youth.
Social Audit &
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
• Social Audit is a process in which the details of Mahatma Gandhi NREGS
resources (financial & non financial) are shared with the community.
• In Social Audit, the community scrutinizes/ verifies the authenticity of all
records/ procedures of works & expenditure incurred
• Social Audits shall be held at least once in every six month
• The Programme Officer or Gram Panchayat to provide all necessary
documents for conduct of social audit
• Social Audit Unit to cross check the documented information with facts &
read the findings before the Gram Sabha
Public Accountability
• All accounts & records relating to the Scheme are to be made available
for public scrutiny
• A copy of muster rolls of each work has to be made available at Gram
Panchayat & to Programme Officer
• Citizen information boards at worksite indicating the details of work,
persondays of employment funds etc
• Display of information on the Gram Panchayat notice board
• Key information will be disclosed in local language at gram Panchayat
office & Programme Officer’s office
• All data are available freely accessible to the public at www.nrega.nic.in
Social Audit :
Current Status
• Core Resource persons (10 to 30) of 20 states trained at SSAAT,
Hyderabad.
• Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh have set
up independent Social Audit Unit.
• Punjab, Gujarat, Sikkim have outsourced the responsibility of Social
Audit.
• One pilot district, one pilot block (preferably highest spending block) to
be selected for social audit.
• 8 states have completed pilot social audit (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Sikkim, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka)
Impact
Positive Trends & Findings
• Increase in Agriculture Minimum Wages , wage earned per day
& annual income. (Source: IIM Lucknow,CSD) Bargaining
power of labour has increased
• NSSO 64th round survey, 2007-08: There was no gender
differential in wage rates for MGNREG works. Considerable
wage disparity in other types of work
• Financial Inclusion: > 10 crore accounts opened
• Distress migration has reduced in many parts (IIM[Shillong],
CSE, CSD)
• Effective targeting of marginalized groups SC/ST/BPL (Source:
IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Lucknow, Administrative Staff College of
India
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Positive Trends & Findings
• MGNREGA is used as a supplementary income source during
non-agricultural seasons (Source: IIM Ahmedabad)
• “Green Jobs” created as nearly 70% works relate to water
conservation, water-harvesting, restoration, renovation &
desilting of water bodies, drought-proofing, plantation &
afforestation (IIFM Bhopal, GTZ)
• Productivity effects of MGNREGA reported
- Improvement in ground water (Source: ASCI, IIS,IIFM)
- Improved agricultural productivity & cropping intensity
(Source: IIFM, IIT Roorkee)
- Livelihood diversification in rural areas (Source: IIM Shillong,
IIFM)
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Measures to Improve MGNREGA Performance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ICT based MIS operationalised-job cards, muster rolls, fund management,
grievance redressal etc.
Operationalisation of eFMS (Electronic Fund Transfer System) and eMMS
(Electronic Muster & Measurement System).
Payment through Bank and Post offices: State Government has been suggested to
roll out Business Correspondent (BC) Model to make wage payment through
Banks with Bio-metric authentication at village level
Social Audit – Audit of Schemes Rules notified on 30th June 2011
Focus on IAP districts: Following initiatives have been undertaken for effective
implementation of MGNREGA in IAP districts:
• Wage disbursement in cash
• Additional human resources: Panchayat Development Officer & Technical
Assistant in Gram Panchayats of IAP districts.
• Construction of Play Ground
• Prime Minister Rural Development Fellow in IAP districts
Convergence with other Schemes.
Revision of MGNREGA Guidelines under finalization.
Road ahead….
• To improve mechanism for capturing demand for
work
• To improve quality of assets and create more green
jobs
• Deeper engagement of community in Planning,
Implementation, Monitoring, Concurrent evaluaton
• Strengthening linkages with
• Livelihoods
• Natural Resource Management
THANKS