Transcript Herbicidal activity of Brassicaceous seed meals on wild

Examination of Brassicaceae seed meal
as a soil amendment to control Pythium
ultimum in tomato (Lycopersicum
esculentum) and pepper (Capsicum
annuum) production systems.
MAXWELL HANDISENI
Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences
Idaho OilSeed Conference 2009
Introduction
 Materials and Methods
 Results
 Conclusion
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Tomato and peppers among most
valuable vegetables.
Traditional soil borne disease
management relied heavily on chemicals.
Brassicaceae material associated with
soil borne disease suppression.
Glucosinolate products responsible.
Variability of glucosinolate type and
content.
+ Glucose
S-C6H11O5
R–C
-
NOSO 3
R-N=C=S
Isothiocyanate
S
H2O
Myrosinases
R-CN
Nitrile & Sulfur
-
+ HSO-4
R–C
N
-
R-S-CN
Thiocyanate
Glucosinolate Profiles
Type
Allyl
3-But
4-Pent
2-Hyd-3-But
OH-Benz
Total
B. napus
34.4
8.4
75.4
114.2
B. juncea
300.9
1.3
0.1
0.1
302.9
S. alba
8.5
235.6
244.1
Three meals examined:
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Sinapis alba (‘IdaGold’), yellow
mustard.
Brassica juncea (‘Pacific Gold’),
Oriental mustard.
Brassica napus (‘Dwarf Essex’),
rapeseed.
Meal treatments:
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0.5% (w/w) denatured seed meal.
0.5% (w/w) non denatured seed meal.
0.5% (w/w) as a non glucosinolate
seed meal.
Pythium and no amendment control
No Pythium and no amendment
control .
Pathogen species
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Pythium ultimum.
Pathogen species
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Tomato (“Red Scarlet”)
Pepper (“New Ace”)
Each experimental unit

7 conical pots each with two seeds of
the same crop.
Design
Randomized Complete Block
Design
 Three replications and repeated 2
times.
Data collected
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Seedling emergence daily from 7 to 11
DAP.
Final seedling emergence.
Seedling emergence (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Tomato Seedling Emergence
a
a
a
a
a
b
NM.NP NM.P
a
b
DN.SA
SY
b
BN
DN.BN
BJ
Seed meal type
DN.BJ
SA
Tomato seedling emergence
90
80
Seedling emergence (%)
70
DE
DN.DE
DN.IG
60
DN.PG
50
IG
40
30
20
NM.NP
NM.P
PG
SY
10
0
7
8
9
Days after planting
10
11
Pepper Seedling Emergence
90
Seedling emergence (%)
80
a
ab
70
a
a
a
a
ab
60
b
50
40
30
20
c
10
0
NM.NP
NM.P
BN
DN.BN
BJ
Seed meal type
DN.BJ
SA
DN.SA
SY
Pepper seedling emergence
Seedling emergence (%)
90
80
70
DE
DN.DE
DN.IG
60
DN.PG
50
IG
40
NM.NP
30
20
NM.P
PG
SY
10
0
7
8
9
Days after planting
10
11
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B. juncea, B.napus seed meals increased
pepper and tomato seedling emergence.
Both S. alba seed meals reduced tomato
and seedling emergence.
Mechanism for pathogen suppression
are dependent but not limited to
glucosinolate products content.
Performance of seed meals vary from
species to species.
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Dr Jack Brown-Major Professor
Dr Robert Zemetra
Dr Mark Mazzola
Canola Lab Crew:
Jim Davis
 Clark Neely
 Donna Brown
 Mary Lauver
 Lindy Seip

QUESTIONS