Transcript Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment Options
Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment Options
Seung Hoon LEE
Objectives and Structures
To overview the waste management system To introduce Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluation of waste management options To compare the potential impact assessment by IWM-2 Model To predict the assessing impacts which may be significant in relation to waste management options
Waste Management System
Waste is an inevitable part of our daily life NIMBY, PIMFY, BANANA Syndrome Waste Management Hierarchy • No scientific/ technical basis • No economic assessment • No environmental/ economic comparisons between each other
Life Cycle Assessment for Waste Management
Four stages in LCA Impact Assessment Improvement Assessment Goal and scoping Inventory Analysis Source: SETAC 1999
Waste Management Facility Life-Cycle
Design and Planning Permission and Licensing Construction Commission and Operation Closure or Decommissioning Post-Closure Monitoring
Waste Management Options Definition in EIA
Is there a need for the facility?
What management or disposal processes are in demand relative to the waste arising?
What is the current management and disposal capacity?
What size would the facility need to be, and does this represent an acceptable economic scale of activity?
Where would the facility best be located, in market terms?
Waste Management Facility Site Selection
To maximize conformance of the site characteristics with the project specification To minimize environmental impacts To maximize acceptability of the project by the local community To minimize the cost of the development
Factors Influencing Waste Management Options
Economic Factors Social Aspect Environmental Considerations
Waste Management Options
Existing Waste Management Technology Politics and Legislation
Sustainability Indicators for Waste Management
Short term Long term Economic Aspects Environmental Aspects
Investment cost, net operation, total net cost per collected ton, net annual total cost Long term viability of collection and sorting operations and final disposal Quantity, quality of material recovered, local and regional health effects, residues, pollution, noise, landfill usage, natural resources used Global impact: bio diversity, global warning, acid rain: landscape, electricity consumption, waste produced, water usage
Social Aspects
Public acceptance, participation, employment Welfare, natural resources availability
Technical Aspects
Scale, flexibility, market potential Potential for future development
Environmental Impact Assessment Stages
Screening: regulatory authority to identify the need of EIA Scooping: identified key issues from a board range of potential concerns Assessing: direct, indirect, secondary, cumulative, short and long term, permanent, temporary, positive, and negative Mitigation: reduce the undesirable impacts of a proposed action Monitoring: environmental compliance with local regulations/effectiveness of the mitigation measures Reporting: preparation of reporting Reviewing: reviewing before approval
Significance of Impacts for Different Options
Landfill Incineration Odour Health Risk (Inhalation) Landfill Gases Leachate Traffic Noise Visual Effect Dust Accidents
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Biological Treatment
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Scoping of the Environmental Impact on Waste Management facilities
Potential issues Impacts on the environment Population Transport Noise and vibration
Perceived and actual public health risks nuisance Traffic generated during construction, operation and restoration Increased noise levels during construction, traffic noise including reversing alarms
Ecology
Loss of habitat and protected species from restoration of minerals workings
Land and soils Water Air and climate Cultural heritage Landscape
Land contamination, temporary loss of agricultural land Leachate from landfill – pollution of surface or groundwaters Landfill gas, odour, dust and particulates, pollutants from incomplete combustion Loss of heritage features Change or loss of valued landscape
Public Health
No human activity is risk-free Potential risks to the public: Accidental emissions and discharges to air, water and land Emissions and discharges during routine operation by poor design or operational practices High level of noise, high dust level during constructing of waste management facilities Appropriate management systems
:
prevention plans, emergency plans, regular inspection Open management of waste management facilities disclose emissions data, discuss operations, encourage site visits, respond promptly to complaints
Transport
Significantly increase road traffic: nuisance to residents and road users (noise, fear) Risks of an accident involving hazardous wastes Air pollution: vehicle exhausts, dust/dirty from vehicle carrying dusty waste/residues such as ash Mitigation of Transport: - No transport routes through residential areas - Appropriate road condition for a significant increase in heavy vehicle traffic - Speed restrictions on vehicles entering and leaving the site
Monitoring and Auditing
Monitoring for noise, dust and odour issues Water quality of leachate, surface water and groundwater Traffic management plan Air monitoring at source Visual impact, ecology, land restoration Any relevant public health indicators Any kind of social impacts
Public Consultation
Environmental awareness Understanding of environmental issues associated with waste management options Critical to open decision-making and should begin as early as possible in the EIA process Faithful public consultation process (conference format rather than domenstration format) NIMBYY syndrome (concern over property value, visual impact) Emissions: long term health effects
Conclusions
EIA needs to be fully understood and taken into account in order to prevent or minimize potential impacts on the environment.
EIA is quite comprehensive assessment because it requires possibly all kind of future impacts in the environment to be reviewed, mitigated, and monitored by professional expert.
Without proper implementing of EIA for waste management project, the future is unlikely to stray far from the common social syndrome known as “ NOT IN MY BACKYARD”.