Laboratory Safety Training
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Transcript Laboratory Safety Training
Laboratory Safety &
Hazardous Waste Training
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Agenda
Laboratory Safety
—Regulatory Introduction
– Hazard Recognition
• Physical
• Chemical
– Exposure Management
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
– Material Segregation and Management
• Personal Protective Equipment
– Fire Safety and Procedures
– Spills and Emergency Response
Hazardous Waste Management
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Regulatory Introduction
Columbia University laboratories must comply with rules set by
the following regulatory bodies:
New York City
– Fire Department (FDNY)
– Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
New York State
– Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
Federal
– Department of Labor: Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
– United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
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New York City Fire Department
Peroxide-Forming Chemicals
Must be dated immediately
upon opening
Discard any unused chemicals
within a year of opening date
Ethers, THF and dioxanes
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New York City Fire Department
Compressed gas cylinders
Stored upright and restrained.
Oxygen cylinders should be kept at
a minimum of 25 feet away from
flammable gas cylinders.
i.e. hydrogen
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New York City Fire Department
Flammables in Refrigerators
Flammable chemicals must be
stored in a “Flammable Material
Storage” or “Explosion Proof”
refrigerator
Domestic refrigerators located in
labs are labeled
“Store No Flammables Flashing
below 100 F”.
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New York City Fire Department
Chemical containers must be Clearly and
Visibly labeled to indicate their contents at
all times.
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New York City Fire Department
Certificate of Fitness Program
At least one C of F holder is required per lab
while the laboratory is in operation (includes
nights & weekends).
– holder knows emergency procedures in the
event of a fire in the lab.
– Labs with large amounts of compressed
gases or cryogenics may require additional
Certificates.
– Contact EH&S for information on obtaining a
C of F.
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The Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
Regulates workplace health and safety
OSHA Laboratory Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450) :
– Information on hazard identification and protection
– Information on chemical exposure, detection, and
management
– Emergency procedures
– Employers’ and employees’ rights and responsibilities
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Hazard Recognition
“The employer shall provide employees
with information and training to ensure
that they are apprised of the hazards of
chemicals present in their work area.”
29CFR1910.1450
– Safety and hazard information is available
from multiple sources.
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Hazard Recognition
Sources of hazard information:
USDOT (Department of Transportation) Diamonds
NFPA (National Fire Prevention Association) Diamonds
Manufacturers’ labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Office of Environmental Health & Radiation Safety/
Environmental Health & Safety
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Hazard Recognition
Chemicals are often
marked with the
NFPA Diamond or
similar hazardous
communication
markings to denote
their hazards.
Note the hazards as
listed on chemical
containers in your lab
prior to using them.
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Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)
Shipped with all chemicals
– All safety information
• exposure limits
• precautions for safe handling and use
• other hazard information
Must be accessible (paper copy or via
internet) in the lab for all chemicals
present.
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Hazard Recognition -Physical &
Chemical Hazards
Awareness of the potential risk
Knowledge about the hazard
Precautions and protective measures
–
–
–
–
–
Burns
Asphyxiation
Slips, Trips, Falls
Electrocution
Blunt Force Trauma,
Lacerations
– Compressed Gas and
Cryogenic Hazards
–
–
–
–
Flammability
Corrosivity
Toxicity
Reactivity
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Oxygen Alarms
Oxygen alarms are used
where large amounts of
cryogenics or inert gases are
stored, which can potentially
cause asphyxiation by
displacing oxygen.
DO NOT ENTER any area
where an oxygen alarm is
going off.
Asphyxiation can be rapid and sudden, with no warning
signs.
Rescues must be performed by someone with a supplied air
respirator.
If it is possible to open doors/windows to ventilate area
without entering, do so.
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DANGER
If you hear Alarm, DO NOT ENTER; Call Public Safety 305-7979
During Work hours also call EH&S 305-6780
POTENTIAL OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY HAZARD
If Alarm is Activated
Assume alarm activation to be valid
Evacuate all workers in room and close the door
Call Public Safety immediately; also PI and
EH&S
Be prepared to provide information to responders
DO NOT Enter the room
DO NOT Attempt to rescue anyone, as
asphyxiation can be rapid with no warning
signs
DO NOT Open door within first hour after the
alarm has stopped sounding
Do NOT attempt to repair a faulty sensor. Report it to TechAir (203-792-1834) or
EH&S.
Review Columbia University policy (www.ehs.columbia.edu/OxygenDeficiency).
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Questions
What type of refrigerator is required for
storage of flammable chemicals?
Peroxide forming chemicals must be -------upon opening.
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Hazard Recognition
What does the blue part of the NFPA
diamond signify?
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Exposure Management Chemical Routes of Entry
Inhalation
Absorption
Injection
Ingestion
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Chemical Routes of Entry
A common route of chemical exposure is
ingestion due to contaminated food or
hands.
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Chemical Exposure –
Health Effects
Acute effects – sudden, traumatic
effects
– Headaches, dizziness, burns
from corrosive chemicals
Chronic effects – slow, gradual
effects not rapidly perceived; poor
or no warnings of exposure
– Cancer, mutation, reproductive
effects
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Chemical Exposure Exposure Limits
Risk = Exposure x Hazard
– Toxic effects can be minimized by
keeping exposures to a minimum.
Acceptable limits of exposure
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Question
Eating or drinking in a
laboratory is strictly prohibited
FALSE
but acceptable in other areas
where toxic/harmful chemicals
are stored?
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Exposure Management
• Hierarchy of control measures to
minimize risk.
• Reduce time or amount of exposure, or
alter nature of exposure.
– Engineering controls
– Administrative controls
– Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Engineering Controls Chemical Fume hoods
Reduce exposure to airborne
hazards.
Ensure that your fume hood is:
Free of clutter
80-120 lfm
‘Kim-wipe test’
Not open more than 12”
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Chemical Fume hoods
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Engineering Controls –
Chemical Fume Hoods
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Exposure Management Administrative Controls
Alter work practices:
Chemical substitution
Proper storage and segregation of hazardous
materials
Proper housekeeping practice
Prudent inventory and purchase order
management
Appropriate training and Right to Know
information (such as MSDS)
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Administrative Controls
– Chemical Substitution
Less hazardous alternatives
Citrosolv v. xylene
Enzymatic detergents v. chromic/sulfuric acid-based
glass cleaners
SYBR Safe v. ethidium bromide
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Substitution
Mercury is a TOXIC metal. Clean-up is time
and resource-intensive.
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Administrative Controls Chemical Storage
Proper chemical storage reduces exposure
risk.
Segregation
– Hazard Class
– Incompatibles
– deep spill bins or separate cabinets
Labeling
– All containers, including reaction vessels.
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Administrative Controls Chemical Storage
Consider the following:
Compatibility
container and cabinet
with chemicals
Proximity
chemicals, incompatible
materials, heat, or open
flame
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What is wrong with this?
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What is wrong with this?
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Storage (Flammables)
Allowable limit of flammable materials.
Determined by construction materials and
presence of sprinklers.
– 4 Lab types: I, II, III, IV
– Flammable limits of 30, 25, 20, 15 gallons,
respectively
– Flammable waste materials count toward
these limits
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Storage (Flammables)
Explosion-proof or intrinsically-safe refrigerators
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Administrative Controls Housekeeping
Poor housekeeping contributes to accidents
and can hinder emergency response activities.
Do not:
block exits, aisles, or doorways.
block access to emergency equipment.
store chemicals in excess of lab’s limts.
store chemical containers on the floor.
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What is wrong with this?
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What is wrong with this?
Open Sash
Open Bottle
Labeling
Exposed Sharps
Objects
Not Properly Managed
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What is wrong with this?
Excess chemical on
the workbench
Poor
housekeeping
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Administrative Controls Inventory Management
Purchase order management
Smallest quantity sufficient for your work
Utilize ‘just in time’ delivery
Excess chemicals become Hazardous Waste
Updated chemical inventory
Dispose of all outdated or unused chemicals properly
and promptly.
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Exposure Management Personal Protective Equipment
Safety glasses / goggles
Protective gloves
Aprons / lab coats
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Eye Protection
Determined by risk factors
Safety glasses provide basic protection
must be worn when handling hazardous
materials.
Safety goggles
splash hazards or highly corrosive materials
Laser goggles
wavelength-specific protection, with opaque
non-lens components to protect the face.
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Hand
Protection
•No one glove protects
against all chemicals.
•Consult manufacturers’
guides
•Never re-use
•Change frequently
•contaminated or torn
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Hand
Protection
• DO NOT TOUCH
DOOR KNOBS
OR ELEVATOR
BUTTONS
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Lab coats
Limited but critical protection from
chemical splashes.
Small (i.e., research sized) quantities of
hazardous chemicals.
Dispose or launder if heavily
contaminated
Keep coat buttoned to prevent
entanglement in moving equipment.
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What do you wear when you
work in the lab?
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Safety Equipment
•Test weekly and keep a log.
•Don’t wait for an emergency!
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Safety Equipment
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Questions
How often should an eyewash be tested?
Personal protective equipment should be
worn in and outside the laboratory: True or
False?
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Fire Safety Staff
• John LaPerche
Fire Safety Officer
• Edward Moran
Fire Safety Assistant
Environmental Health & Safety
www.ehrs.columbia.edu
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY
• In Case of Fire:
•
•
•
•
•
RACE & PASS
Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguish
In Case of Fire:
Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguish
To use Fire Extinguisher:
Pull Pin
Aim Hose
Squeeze Handle
Sweep From Side to Side
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RESCUE
• Not just yourself!
• People with special needs
• People in immediate area
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ALARM
• Alarm (Manual Station)
– Located by exits
• Dial 305-7979
• Notify occupants as you
leave
• Give all information to
security/Fire Dept.
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CONFINE
• Close all doors/windows as you
leave.
• Turn off source of ignition if
possible
• Keep fire in room of origin
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Laboratory Evacuation Procedures
If possible:
• Turn off all equipment
within reach that can
be safely turned off.
• Close fume hood sash.
• Close open chemical
containers.
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Laboratory Evacuation
Procedures
• Know location of fire exits.
• Use nearest stair.
• Move horizontally into an
adjoining building
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DO NOT USE
ELEVATORS
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EXTINGUISH
• Can you extinguish a fire ?
•Yes, a minor fire
• Waste paper basket, electrical
outlet, small flammable spill, small
oven, microwave
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ABC Fire Extinguisher
• Class ‘A’ =
Combustibles fires
involving solids such
as wood, paper,
plastic
• Class ‘B’ =
Flammable liquids
such as alcohol,
paint, oil.
• Class ‘C’ = Electrical
equipment,
Computers, Copiers.
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Fire Extinguisher Use
• Use extinguisher if:
- You are properly trained.
- Fire is very small.
• Report the fire before attempting to
extinguish.
• Maintain a clear path between you and the
exit.
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To Use Fire
Extinguisher:
•
•
•
•
Pull Pin
Aim hose
Squeeze Handle
Sweep From Side to Side
ammonium phosphate
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To Use Fire
Extinguisher:
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If you catch on fire!
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If you catch on fire!
•
DO NOT RUN!
• Immediately call out for help
• Use
- Emergency shower
- Deluge hose
- Fire Blanket
- ABC Extinguisher
• Know location of these items
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Certificate of Fitness
• At least one C of F holder is
required, per laboratory unit while
the laboratory is in operation.
(includes nights, holidays &
weekends)
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Certificate of Fitness
FDNY Requirements
• MS & PhD or MD degrees or
• BS – BA degree must have 2 years experience in a
laboratory after receiving degree
• An English copy of your degree or transcripts must
be presented.
• All paperwork, Photo and fees handled by EH&S
staff
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Oxygen Sensors
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Cryogenic Liquids
• Certificate of Fitness (G-97) need
for amounts over 60 Gallons.
• If currently have C-14 then go to
– www.rascal.columbia.edu/
– Testing Center/Safety Course
– TC0084
– Storage and Use of Cryogenic
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Fire Life Safety
Questions ?
Fire Safety
Work or at Home
305-6780
www.ehs.columbia.edu
Thank you
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Spills and Emergency
Response
What would you do
in the event of a spill?
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Spills and Emergency Response
Laboratory personnel must know what
to do in case of an emergency.
Personal Injury / Health Emergency
Chemical Release
– Unmanageable: Must only be handled by
trained professionals.
– Manageable: Can be handled by
laboratory personnel using in-lab spill kit.
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Personal Contamination
Remove contaminated clothing.
Flush exposed area with tepid water for 15 minutes.
If there are no visible burns, wash gently with soap
and warm water.
Obtain MSDS.
Obtain medical attention, if necessary.
Report the incident to your supervisor. File
appropriate accident reports and notify EH&S.
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Medical Surveillance
Employees who work with hazardous
chemicals shall be provided the
opportunity to receive medical attention:
– Post-exposure
– Post-monitoring (if exposure indicated)
– Post-event (if exposure deemed likely)
Consult the Occupational Health
guidelines for medical surveillance
details.
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Injuries and Health Emergencies
Medical attention can be obtained at the following
locations for personal injuries and health
emergencies:
Occupational Health Services (MS)
Workforce Health & Safety (CUMC)
Student Health Service
NYPH Emergency Room
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Unmanageable Spills
STOP
ALERT
CONTAIN & EVACUATE
NOTIFY
EH&S
Public Safety
PI
INFORMATION
MEDICAL ATTENTION
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
Contents of a Spill Kit
– Absorbent material
Pads or powders
Activated carbon for organic solvents
Vermiculate or kitty litter
– Neutralizing agents
Acid – Sodium bicarbonate
Base - Citric acid
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
Hazard-specific spill kits
Formaldehyde
Mercury
Radiation
Hydrofluoric Acid
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Wall Guide
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
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Remember….
Red bags are for regulated medical waste
(gloves, petri dishes and tubes) not for
chemical spill debris!
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• 24 hrs to log into Rascal
• Notes can be found:
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Please click the
link and fill out
evaluation sheet.
Start Evaluation
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