Transcript Laboratory Safety Training

Laboratory Safety &
Hazardous Waste Training
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Agenda
 Laboratory Safety
—Regulatory Introduction
– Hazard Recognition
• Physical
• Chemical
– Exposure Management
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
– Material Segregation and Management
• Personal Protective Equipment
– Fire Safety and Procedures
– Spills and Emergency Response
 Hazardous Waste Management
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Regulatory Introduction
Columbia University laboratories must comply with rules set by
the following regulatory bodies:
 New York City
– Fire Department (FDNY)
– Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)
 New York State
– Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
 Federal
– Department of Labor: Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
– United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
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New York City Fire Department
Peroxide-Forming Chemicals
 Must be dated immediately
upon opening
 Discard any unused chemicals
within a year of opening date
 Ethers, THF and dioxanes
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New York City Fire Department
Compressed gas cylinders
 Stored upright and restrained.
 Oxygen cylinders should be kept at
a minimum of 25 feet away from
flammable gas cylinders.
 i.e. hydrogen
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New York City Fire Department
Flammables in Refrigerators
 Flammable chemicals must be
stored in a “Flammable Material
Storage” or “Explosion Proof”
refrigerator
 Domestic refrigerators located in
labs are labeled
“Store No Flammables Flashing
below 100 F”.
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New York City Fire Department
Chemical containers must be Clearly and
Visibly labeled to indicate their contents at
all times.
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New York City Fire Department
Certificate of Fitness Program
 At least one C of F holder is required per lab
while the laboratory is in operation (includes
nights & weekends).
– holder knows emergency procedures in the
event of a fire in the lab.
– Labs with large amounts of compressed
gases or cryogenics may require additional
Certificates.
– Contact EH&S for information on obtaining a
C of F.
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The Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
 Regulates workplace health and safety
 OSHA Laboratory Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450) :
– Information on hazard identification and protection
– Information on chemical exposure, detection, and
management
– Emergency procedures
– Employers’ and employees’ rights and responsibilities
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Hazard Recognition
“The employer shall provide employees
with information and training to ensure
that they are apprised of the hazards of
chemicals present in their work area.”
29CFR1910.1450
– Safety and hazard information is available
from multiple sources.
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Hazard Recognition
Sources of hazard information:
USDOT (Department of Transportation) Diamonds
NFPA (National Fire Prevention Association) Diamonds
Manufacturers’ labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Office of Environmental Health & Radiation Safety/
Environmental Health & Safety
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Hazard Recognition
 Chemicals are often
marked with the
NFPA Diamond or
similar hazardous
communication
markings to denote
their hazards.
 Note the hazards as
listed on chemical
containers in your lab
prior to using them.
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Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)
 Shipped with all chemicals
– All safety information
• exposure limits
• precautions for safe handling and use
• other hazard information
 Must be accessible (paper copy or via
internet) in the lab for all chemicals
present.
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Hazard Recognition -Physical &
Chemical Hazards
 Awareness of the potential risk
 Knowledge about the hazard
 Precautions and protective measures
–
–
–
–
–
Burns
Asphyxiation
Slips, Trips, Falls
Electrocution
Blunt Force Trauma,
Lacerations
– Compressed Gas and
Cryogenic Hazards
–
–
–
–
Flammability
Corrosivity
Toxicity
Reactivity
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Oxygen Alarms
 Oxygen alarms are used
where large amounts of
cryogenics or inert gases are
stored, which can potentially
cause asphyxiation by
displacing oxygen.
 DO NOT ENTER any area
where an oxygen alarm is
going off.
 Asphyxiation can be rapid and sudden, with no warning
signs.
 Rescues must be performed by someone with a supplied air
respirator.
 If it is possible to open doors/windows to ventilate area
without entering, do so.
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DANGER
If you hear Alarm, DO NOT ENTER; Call Public Safety 305-7979
During Work hours also call EH&S 305-6780
POTENTIAL OXYGEN
DEFICIENCY HAZARD
If Alarm is Activated
Assume alarm activation to be valid
Evacuate all workers in room and close the door
Call Public Safety immediately; also PI and
EH&S
Be prepared to provide information to responders
DO NOT Enter the room
DO NOT Attempt to rescue anyone, as
asphyxiation can be rapid with no warning
signs
DO NOT Open door within first hour after the
alarm has stopped sounding
Do NOT attempt to repair a faulty sensor. Report it to TechAir (203-792-1834) or
EH&S.
Review Columbia University policy (www.ehs.columbia.edu/OxygenDeficiency).
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Questions
 What type of refrigerator is required for
storage of flammable chemicals?
 Peroxide forming chemicals must be -------upon opening.
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Hazard Recognition
What does the blue part of the NFPA
diamond signify?
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Exposure Management Chemical Routes of Entry
Inhalation
Absorption
Injection
Ingestion
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Chemical Routes of Entry
A common route of chemical exposure is
ingestion due to contaminated food or
hands.
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Chemical Exposure –
Health Effects
 Acute effects – sudden, traumatic
effects
– Headaches, dizziness, burns
from corrosive chemicals
 Chronic effects – slow, gradual
effects not rapidly perceived; poor
or no warnings of exposure
– Cancer, mutation, reproductive
effects
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Chemical Exposure Exposure Limits
 Risk = Exposure x Hazard
– Toxic effects can be minimized by
keeping exposures to a minimum.
 Acceptable limits of exposure
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Question
Eating or drinking in a
laboratory is strictly prohibited
FALSE
but acceptable in other areas
where toxic/harmful chemicals
are stored?
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Exposure Management
• Hierarchy of control measures to
minimize risk.
• Reduce time or amount of exposure, or
alter nature of exposure.
– Engineering controls
– Administrative controls
– Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Engineering Controls Chemical Fume hoods
Reduce exposure to airborne
hazards.
Ensure that your fume hood is:
 Free of clutter
 80-120 lfm
 ‘Kim-wipe test’
 Not open more than 12”
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Chemical Fume hoods
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Engineering Controls –
Chemical Fume Hoods
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Exposure Management Administrative Controls
Alter work practices:
 Chemical substitution
 Proper storage and segregation of hazardous
materials
 Proper housekeeping practice
 Prudent inventory and purchase order
management
 Appropriate training and Right to Know
information (such as MSDS)
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Administrative Controls
– Chemical Substitution
Less hazardous alternatives
Citrosolv v. xylene
Enzymatic detergents v. chromic/sulfuric acid-based
glass cleaners
SYBR Safe v. ethidium bromide
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Substitution
Mercury is a TOXIC metal. Clean-up is time
and resource-intensive.
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Administrative Controls Chemical Storage
Proper chemical storage reduces exposure
risk.
Segregation
– Hazard Class
– Incompatibles
– deep spill bins or separate cabinets
Labeling
– All containers, including reaction vessels.
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Administrative Controls Chemical Storage
Consider the following:
 Compatibility
 container and cabinet
with chemicals
 Proximity
 chemicals, incompatible
materials, heat, or open
flame
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What is wrong with this?
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What is wrong with this?
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Storage (Flammables)
 Allowable limit of flammable materials.
 Determined by construction materials and
presence of sprinklers.
– 4 Lab types: I, II, III, IV
– Flammable limits of 30, 25, 20, 15 gallons,
respectively
– Flammable waste materials count toward
these limits
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Administrative Controls –
Chemical Storage (Flammables)
Explosion-proof or intrinsically-safe refrigerators
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Administrative Controls Housekeeping
Poor housekeeping contributes to accidents
and can hinder emergency response activities.
Do not:
block exits, aisles, or doorways.
block access to emergency equipment.
store chemicals in excess of lab’s limts.
store chemical containers on the floor.
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What is wrong with this?
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What is wrong with this?
Open Sash
Open Bottle
Labeling
Exposed Sharps
Objects
Not Properly Managed
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What is wrong with this?
Excess chemical on
the workbench
Poor
housekeeping
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Administrative Controls Inventory Management
 Purchase order management
 Smallest quantity sufficient for your work
 Utilize ‘just in time’ delivery
 Excess chemicals become Hazardous Waste
 Updated chemical inventory
 Dispose of all outdated or unused chemicals properly
and promptly.
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Exposure Management Personal Protective Equipment
 Safety glasses / goggles
 Protective gloves
 Aprons / lab coats
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Eye Protection
Determined by risk factors
Safety glasses provide basic protection
must be worn when handling hazardous
materials.
Safety goggles
splash hazards or highly corrosive materials
Laser goggles
wavelength-specific protection, with opaque
non-lens components to protect the face.
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Hand
Protection
•No one glove protects
against all chemicals.
•Consult manufacturers’
guides
•Never re-use
•Change frequently
•contaminated or torn
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Hand
Protection
• DO NOT TOUCH
DOOR KNOBS
OR ELEVATOR
BUTTONS
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Personal Protective
Equipment - Lab coats
 Limited but critical protection from
chemical splashes.
 Small (i.e., research sized) quantities of
hazardous chemicals.
 Dispose or launder if heavily
contaminated
 Keep coat buttoned to prevent
entanglement in moving equipment.
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What do you wear when you
work in the lab?
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Safety Equipment
•Test weekly and keep a log.
•Don’t wait for an emergency!
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Safety Equipment
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Questions
 How often should an eyewash be tested?
 Personal protective equipment should be
worn in and outside the laboratory: True or
False?
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Fire Safety Staff
• John LaPerche
Fire Safety Officer
• Edward Moran
Fire Safety Assistant
Environmental Health & Safety
www.ehrs.columbia.edu
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY
• In Case of Fire:
•
•
•
•
•
RACE & PASS
Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguish
In Case of Fire:
Rescue
Alarm
Confine
Extinguish
To use Fire Extinguisher:
Pull Pin
Aim Hose
Squeeze Handle
Sweep From Side to Side
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RESCUE
• Not just yourself!
• People with special needs
• People in immediate area
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ALARM
• Alarm (Manual Station)
– Located by exits
• Dial 305-7979
• Notify occupants as you
leave
• Give all information to
security/Fire Dept.
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CONFINE
• Close all doors/windows as you
leave.
• Turn off source of ignition if
possible
• Keep fire in room of origin
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Laboratory Evacuation Procedures
If possible:
• Turn off all equipment
within reach that can
be safely turned off.
• Close fume hood sash.
• Close open chemical
containers.
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Laboratory Evacuation
Procedures
• Know location of fire exits.
• Use nearest stair.
• Move horizontally into an
adjoining building
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DO NOT USE
ELEVATORS
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EXTINGUISH
• Can you extinguish a fire ?
•Yes, a minor fire
• Waste paper basket, electrical
outlet, small flammable spill, small
oven, microwave
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ABC Fire Extinguisher
• Class ‘A’ =
Combustibles fires
involving solids such
as wood, paper,
plastic
• Class ‘B’ =
Flammable liquids
such as alcohol,
paint, oil.
• Class ‘C’ = Electrical
equipment,
Computers, Copiers.
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Fire Extinguisher Use
• Use extinguisher if:
- You are properly trained.
- Fire is very small.
• Report the fire before attempting to
extinguish.
• Maintain a clear path between you and the
exit.
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To Use Fire
Extinguisher:
•
•
•
•
Pull Pin
Aim hose
Squeeze Handle
Sweep From Side to Side
ammonium phosphate
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To Use Fire
Extinguisher:
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If you catch on fire!
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If you catch on fire!
•
DO NOT RUN!
• Immediately call out for help
• Use
- Emergency shower
- Deluge hose
- Fire Blanket
- ABC Extinguisher
• Know location of these items
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Certificate of Fitness
• At least one C of F holder is
required, per laboratory unit while
the laboratory is in operation.
(includes nights, holidays &
weekends)
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Certificate of Fitness
FDNY Requirements
• MS & PhD or MD degrees or
• BS – BA degree must have 2 years experience in a
laboratory after receiving degree
• An English copy of your degree or transcripts must
be presented.
• All paperwork, Photo and fees handled by EH&S
staff
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Oxygen Sensors
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Cryogenic Liquids
• Certificate of Fitness (G-97) need
for amounts over 60 Gallons.
• If currently have C-14 then go to
– www.rascal.columbia.edu/
– Testing Center/Safety Course
– TC0084
– Storage and Use of Cryogenic
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Fire Life Safety
Questions ?
Fire Safety
Work or at Home
305-6780
www.ehs.columbia.edu
Thank you
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Spills and Emergency
Response
What would you do
in the event of a spill?
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Spills and Emergency Response
Laboratory personnel must know what
to do in case of an emergency.
Personal Injury / Health Emergency
Chemical Release
– Unmanageable: Must only be handled by
trained professionals.
– Manageable: Can be handled by
laboratory personnel using in-lab spill kit.
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Personal Contamination
 Remove contaminated clothing.
 Flush exposed area with tepid water for 15 minutes.
 If there are no visible burns, wash gently with soap
and warm water.
 Obtain MSDS.
 Obtain medical attention, if necessary.
 Report the incident to your supervisor. File
appropriate accident reports and notify EH&S.
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Medical Surveillance
Employees who work with hazardous
chemicals shall be provided the
opportunity to receive medical attention:
– Post-exposure
– Post-monitoring (if exposure indicated)
– Post-event (if exposure deemed likely)
Consult the Occupational Health
guidelines for medical surveillance
details.
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Injuries and Health Emergencies
Medical attention can be obtained at the following
locations for personal injuries and health
emergencies:
Occupational Health Services (MS)
Workforce Health & Safety (CUMC)
Student Health Service
NYPH Emergency Room
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Unmanageable Spills
 STOP
 ALERT
 CONTAIN & EVACUATE
 NOTIFY
 EH&S
 Public Safety
 PI
 INFORMATION
 MEDICAL ATTENTION
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
Contents of a Spill Kit
– Absorbent material
Pads or powders
Activated carbon for organic solvents
Vermiculate or kitty litter
– Neutralizing agents
Acid – Sodium bicarbonate
Base - Citric acid
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
Hazard-specific spill kits
Formaldehyde
Mercury
Radiation
Hydrofluoric Acid
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Wall Guide
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Spills and Emergency Response
– Manageable Spills
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Remember….
Red bags are for regulated medical waste
(gloves, petri dishes and tubes) not for
chemical spill debris!
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• 24 hrs to log into Rascal
• Notes can be found:
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Please click the
link and fill out
evaluation sheet.
Start Evaluation
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