Transcript POSSIBILITIES OF MODELING MASONRY AS A COMPOSITE …

UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Improving the seismic resistance of cultural
heritage buildings
P.B. Lourenço, Daniel V. Oliveira
University of Minho
Guimarães, Portugal
Pere Roca
Technical University of Catalonia
Barcelona, Spain
Claudio Modena
University of Padova
Padova, Italy
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Buildings do not last for ever (I)
Veneza, 1902
Pavia, 1989
Noto, 1996
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Buildings do not last for ever (II)
Cathedral of Mexico-City
T1
Tower of Pisa
T2
T3
Cathedral of Porto
MINHO
OFOF
UNIVERSITY
MINHO
UNIVERSITY
ENGINEERING
CIVIL
OF
DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Buildings do not last for ever (III)
 1755: One of the largest earthquakes in the world strikes Lisbon
(estimated magnitude 9.0)
 Besides the lost buildings, among the cultural property losses are
reported:
At the Trindade convent, various precious cult artefacts, organs and a large library
At the Carmo convent and church “all it had of value was lost”
At the S. Domingos convent, several precious furniture, silver and gold artefacts, and
several libraries with 15000 volumes in golden binding
At the S. Francisco monastery, all silver was melt and a library of 9000 volumes lost
At the Espírito Santo monastery, a precious diamond custody and the large library burnt to
ashes.
Carmo church ruins, Lisbon
Santa Maria church, Beja
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Buildings do not last for ever (IV)
 1990-2005 India suffered the effects of six destructive earthquakes
 January 26, 2001, 7.9 Magnitude earthquake stroke Bhuj, Gujarat
Parag Mahal, Bhuj: Before and after the earthquake
Framework
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 Masonry and timber are the oldest structural materials
Receive little attention in Architecture and Civil Engineering graduations,
where steel and concrete seem to be the sole structural materials
 Insufficient knowledge on “traditional” materials and techniques, result in
inefficient interventions...
• Strong bias in the rehabilitation of existing constructions
• Incorrect safety assessment
 Recent European timber and masonry codes (EC 5 and 6) are available,
together with recommendations
BSSC, Prestandard and commentary for seismic rehabilitation of buildings, FEMA 356, 2000.
ICOMOS, Recommendations for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural
heritage, 2001.
ISO, Basis for design of structures – Assessment of existing structures, ISO 13822, 2003.
CEN, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 3: Strengthening and repair of
buildings, prEN 1998-3:2004, 2004.
ICOMOS METHODOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Historical investigation (documents)
DATA ACQUISITION
Survey of the structure=document
Field research and laboratory testing
Monitoring
Structural scheme: Model
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR
Material characteristics
Actions
Historical analysis
DIAGNOSIS AND SAFETY
Qualitative analysis
Explanatory
Quantitative analysis
Report
Experimental analysis
Masonry
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Timber
Execution
Iron and steel
Documents
Reinforced concrete
Asia-wide Programme: EU-INDIA ECONOMIC CROSS CULTURAL PROGRAMME
Project Title: IMPROVING THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF CULTURAL
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HERITAGE BUILDINGS
Project Contract N°: ALA/95/23/2003/077-122
Period: JANUARY 19, 2004 – DECEMBER 31, 2006
Project Leader: UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, PORTUGAL
Partners: TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CATALONIA, SPAIN
CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INDIA
UNIVERSITÁ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, ITALY
Case Studies: Monastery of Jerónimos, Lisbon, Portugal
Cathedral of Palma Majorca, Spain
Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India
Cathedral of Reggio Emilia, Italy
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Summary
The main objective of the project is the development of a social
and economic argument, at Indian-European level, to support an
earthquake protection innovative program for cultural heritage
masonry buildings at risk. This will consider cultural heritage
buildings / monuments in an earthquake prone area in India,
identify seismic input scenarios and specific vulnerability
features, produce a risk analysis with respect to different return
periods, and study advanced upgrading and strengthening
techniques. The Plan of Action is based on a multidisciplinary
approach, entailing aspects of risk analysis, in situ survey and
monitoring, numerical analyses and the design/application of
innovative strengthening strategies. The objective is to devise
strengthening strategies that, based on thorough knowledge of
the traditional craft and material, can use modern materials and
techniques to prevent vibration borne damage to the structures
and to the decorative apparatus.
Case study based approach.
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Case Studies (I)
Monastery of Jeronimos, Lisbon, Portugal
World Heritage Site
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Case Studies (II)
Cathedral of Majorca, Spain
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Case Studies (III)
Reggio Emilia Cathedral, Italy
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Case Studies (IV)
Qutb Minar, New Delhi, India
World Heritage Site
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Conference in New Delhi
V International Conference on
Structural Analysis of
Historical Constructions
November 6-8, New Delhi
More recent events:
Padova (2004) – 350 participants
Guimarães (2001) – 500 participants
www.sahc2006.org
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
New International Journal
Starting in 2007
Published by Taylor & Francis
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/
15583058.asp
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Highlight 1 – Simplified Methods
Different structural layouts
Simple and fast methods
of analysing the large
existing building stock
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Simplified Methods (I)
15
19
10
One European sample
with 44 monuments
One Portuguese sample
with 55 monuments
Simplified Methods (II)
1
2
0.3
3
Threshold
A
"S
"
FE
"U
N
SA
All indexes 1
0.10
"
FE
"UNSAFE"
2.5
0.1
"S
0.03
A
"
FE
"U
1.0
PGA / g
"SAFE"
1.0
0.2
N
SA
"
FE
0.0
0.0
0.25
0.1
0.3x0.25
0.2
Recommendations for:
0.3PGA
/ g 0.4
PGA/g0.25
0.3
All indexes 5 c
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Index 1 (X dir)
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
PGA/g
0.3
0.4
In-plan indexes PGA / g
Out-of-plan indexes
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Highlight 2 – Monastery of Jerónimos
The crown asset
of Portuguese
heritage buildings
Construction from 1499
Built with limestone
Considerable
dimensions in plan,
more than 300  50 m2,
and an average height
of 20 m (50 m in the
towers).
Evolves around two
courts. The larger court
is bordered by a long
arcade of two levels
that hosts the
Ethnographic Museum
of Archaeology and the
Maritime Museum. The
smaller court or the
Cloister is bordered by
the Church, the
Sacristy, the Chapter
Room, the Refectory.
The Church of
Monastery of Jerónimos
5
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
1
3
4
2
5
Views
Cross-sections
6
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
In-situ Investigation (I)
Tiles removal for visual inspection
Wallets for supporting tiles (20th century)
Radar inspection
Ribs visual inspection
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
In-situ Investigation (II)
Detection of ties
Samples for physical / chemical analysis
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
In-situ Investigation (III)
Longitudinal cross-section
Transept cross-section
Nave cross-sections
Plan of the nave
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
In-situ Investigation (IV)
Tilting of the columns
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
In-situ Investigation (V)
GPR and UPV
in columns
dB | (1.0 g)² / Hz
Frequency Domain Decomposition - Peak Picking
Average of the Normalized Singular Values of
Spectral Density Matrices of all Data Sets.
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0
5
10
15
Frequency [Hz]
Dynamic identification
20
25
In-situ Investigation (VI)
V
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
C2
Strong motion on the roof
C1
C2
C1
TH
TS4
TS3
TS2
TS5
TS1
TS4
TS2
Legenda:
TS1
Cablagem
SENSORES:
Cn
TSn
D
Clinómetro (número)
Temperatura na superfície (número)
Sistema de aquisição e armazenamento
Strong motion
in the base
de dados
Notas:
- Todas as cotas devem ser confirmadas no local
Requerente:
Monitoring
Processo:
04-DEC/E-?
Desenhou:
Escalas:
Micro-zonation
Instituto Português do
Património Arquitectónico
Direcção Regional de Lisboa
Departamento de Engenharia Civil
Campus de Azurém
4800-058 Guimarães
Ficheiro: Plano_Monitoriz ac ao.dwg
Verificou:
1/200
Data:
Julho 2004
Descrição:
Igreja do Mosteiro dos Jerónimos
Plano de Monitorização
(Cortes)
Desenho:
Nº03
Global Analysis
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Full model with 135.000 dof
Modal superposition
Non-linear with equivalent
static loading
Deformed
mesh
Nó 21747 Torre
1.3
25.49
1.2
22.60
1.1
16.11
Factor de Carga
1.0
11.36
0.9
0.8
0.7
4.71
0.6
3.48
0.5
2.48
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.00
1.34
0.87
0.43
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Deslocamento z (cm)
25.00
Load-displacement diagram
30.00
Details
Nave Analysis
2.5
Load Factor
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2.0
Non-linear Analysis:
Loading = Self-weight
ft = 0
fc, masonry = 6 N/mm2
fc, infill = 1 N/mm2
1.5
1.0
Column
0.5
Vault key
0.0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
Vertical displacement (m)
Load displacement diagram
Incremental deformed mesh
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Works in Progress
 Dynamic global study for safety assessment
 Study of the possible placement of an organ in the upper choir (20 tons)
 Proposal of remedial actions
Highlight 3 – Dissemination
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
DVD freely distributed in Congress in India (November 2006)
 Distribution of the database on multi-media support of structural
information on the 54 monuments in Europe and India
 Preparation of a 15 minutes DVD professional video of the project
 Design and validation of monitoring systems and sensors
 State of the art for remedial techniques in historical structures, including a
comprehensive discussion on the case studies and a benchmark on
dynamic identification techniques and advanced structural analysis
 Guidelines for seismic strengthening of historical structures
 Development of a 3D virtual model for Qutub Minar, including building
process, flow of forces, possible structural collapse and strengthening
UNIVERSITY OF MINHO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Improving the seismic resistance of cultural
heritage buildings
P.B. Lourenço, Project Coordinator
[email protected]
www.civil.uminho.pt/masonry - www.civil.uminho.pt/eu-india
University of Minho
Guimarães