Transcript Management of ODS Banks/”End of Life” ODS

Management of
ODS Banks/”End of Life” ODS
English Speaking Caribbean Ozone Officers
Regional Network Meeting
Antigua Barbuda
March 2, 2011
R.J. Cooke
Man-West Environmental Group Ltd.
Presentation Scope
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ODS Banks/ “EOL” ODS in context of ozone
layer protection and the MP
Nature of the EOL ODS issue
EOL ODS mgt. steps and technologies
 Capture
 Destruction
 Validation
Barriers to EOL ODS management
Options to address barriers
Approach for the Caribbean Region
ODS Bank and EOL ODS
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The ODS Bank is what is in productive use that has
potential for atmospheric release (“consumption not
yet emitted”).
EOL ODS is no longer in productive use and without the
prospect thereof (ODS that is now subject to
atmospheric release).
By definition EOL ODS excludes ODS that is
recovered/reclaimed for future productive use.
EOL ODS is a “waste” whose default management option
results in global environmental damage.
Essentially a “hazardous waste” requiring
environmentally sound management (ESM) but generally
without a local environmental/health risk.
ODS Bank/EOL ODS: Global Context
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ESM of the global ODS Bank and EOL ODS is one of the
remaining ozone layer threats to be addressed by the MP.
Capture and environmentally sound destruction of the
global ODS Bank could theoretically have significant
accelerating effect on ozone layer recovery.
Parallel climate change impacts
In practice the actual potential benefits of EOL ODS mgt.
is much less due to practical limits on timing, ability and
cost effectiveness of capture/destruction (CTC an
exception)
Unlike actual ODS phase out, management of ODS banks
and EOL ODS is not subject to direct control measures
under the MP.
Sources/Types of EOL ODS
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Refrigerants
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Retained in Foams
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Fire protection systems
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 CFC-12, HCFC-22, HCFC blends
 Domestic/commercial appliances, large refrigeration & A/C
equipment
 CFC-11, HCFC-141b, HCFC-22, HCFC-142b
 Domestic/commercial appliances, building materials,
packaging
 Halon 1211, 1301,2402
 Decommissioned systems
Redundant/obsolete stocks, confiscations – MB
Excess production/ by-products - CTC
Factors in Prioritizing EOL ODS Management
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Volume - CFCs (near term), HCFCs
ODP – CFCs, halons
GWP – CFC-12, HCFCs
Availability in quantity
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Sector Accessibility
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 GDP
 Population
 Originating sources
 Commercial/domestic refrigerants
 Halons
Cost of capture/processing/destruction
 Form available
 Existing capture infrastructure/institutions
 Access to destruction capacity
EOL ODS Management Process
Capture
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Destruction
Validation
EOL ODS Capture -Refrigerant/Halons
Removal from equipment
Decision on future productive use (is it a
waste?)
Consolidation/secure storage
Ownership/care and custody arrangements
Documentation/analysis
Base on existing service infrastructure
upgraded for secure storage arrangements
EOL ODS Management Process
Capture
Destruction
Validation
EOL ODS Capture -Foam
 Removal from equipment/application
 Process option 1:
 Size reduce
 Package for destruction
 Consolidation/secure temporary storage
 Process Option 2
 Blowing agent extraction
 Potential integration with destruction
 Ownership/care and custody arrangements
 Tracking/Documentation of origin/analysis
EOL ODS Management Process
Capture
Destruction
Validation
EOL ODS Destruction
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Menu of technologies available – combustion and non-combustion (all
have a thermal element), future potential for chemical dechlorination
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Practical Options
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Environmental performance requirements
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 High temperature incineration
 Co-disposal in industrial combustion facilities
 Pyrolysis/plasma arc
 Destruction efficiency/destruction removal efficiency
(>99.99%)
 Unintended release emissions (PCDD/PCDF < 0.1 ng
TEQ/Nm3) )
Documentation/due diligence safeguards to provide assurance of
destruction and environmental performance
UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects
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Original Concept - Demonstration of a
range of destruction options
Cuba:
 Capture capacity pre-established
 Cement kiln
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Columbia
 Incremental capture capability
(consolidation/storage)
 Export or regional specialty facilities
UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects (2)
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Ghana:
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Brazil:
 Incremental capture capability
(consolidation/storage)
 Test small local destruction versus export
 Link to emerging appliance de-manufacturing
program
 Utilization of existing HW Mgt infrastructure or/and
or integrated de-manufacturing processing and
destruction
 Overall Conclusion: Using existing HW
infrastructure has significant cost advantage
Barriers to EOL ODS Management
 Technology/infrastructure/operational
barriers relatively minor
 Major practical barriers are:
• Creditable institutional arrangements for
ownership care and custody
• Regulatory controls to stimulate capture of
sufficient quantities to have any impact
 Emission bans
 EOL ODS a regulated hazardous waste
 Enforcement and meaningful penalties
• Financing a high cost of the EOL mgt. process
Financial Mechanisms to Support EOL ODS
Mgt.
• Public assumption of financial liability
• Environmental stewardship charges
• Voluntary producer responsibility
• Energy efficiency incentives for retirement
• Carbon finance
• Convention based financing (MLF)
Potential Action in the Caribbean Region
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Low volume potential
Widely distributed
Absence of policy/regulatory/economic drivers
Basic capture capacity available
• Action should focus on capture for future destruction
• Development of collective/regional capacity
• Coordination of policy and regulatory action
• Collective care and custody mechanism
• Destruction in the region unlikely
• Destruction likely financed by carbon finance/grants
Conclusions
 Globally the amount of EOL ODS actually destroyed
will be modest
 Priority targets are CFC-12 and halons with CFC-12
having a narrow window over the next 5-10 years
 High consuming countries (developed/developing) is
where the impact can be maximized
 EOL ODS needs to be regulated and managed as a
hazardous waste
 Initial focus should be on capture
Conclusions (2)
 EOL ODS destruction not limited by
technology
 Limitations are
institutional/regulatory/financial
 LVC’s need to act collectively
 Final destruction integrated with ESM HW
management generally and carbon finance
as this matures.
Thank You
Questions?
Rick Cooke
[email protected]
Skype: manwestrjc