Transcript EAP4 From Paragraph to Essay

Graduate Diploma
Reading & Writing
Spring Term Session 13
Facts and Opinions
Using Source Materials
Note-taking Review
TRUE OR FALSE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Seiko is from Okinawa.
Vaclav is wearing shoes.
Yasir’s glasses look really good.
Naif is the most attractive student in the class.
Bandar can say “hello” in eight different
languages.
6. Maggie sounds like an injured cat when she
sings.
7. Abdulaziz is the best student in the class.
8. Lucy is the youngest student in the class.
9. Konstantinos looks older than Chimuco.
10.Omar is more handsome than Mark.
11.England is the best place to learn English.
12.Naif seems intelligent.
13.Chao should be here but he’s not.
FACT OR OPINION?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Seiko is from Okinawa.
Vaclav is wearing shoes.
Yasir’s glasses look really good.
Naif is the most attractive student in the class.
Bandar can say “hello” in eight different
languages.
6. Maggie sounds like an injured cat when she
sings.
7. Abdulaziz is the best student in the class.
8. Lucy is the youngest student in the class.
9. Konstantinos looks older than Chimuco.
10.Omar is more handsome than Mark.
11.England is the best place to learn English.
12.Naif seems intelligent.
13.Chao should be here but he’s not.
DISTINGUISHING FACT FROM OPINION
Consider whether the following
statements are being presented as facts
or opinions. Note that whether they or
TRUE OR FALSE is a separate issue.
Presented as
opinion or fact?
Example:
The USA has the
biggest economy in
the world.
a) Shakespeare was
a great writer.
b) Shakespeare
wrote textbooks.
c) Smoking can be
dangerous.
d) Too many people
smoke in the UK.
e) 95% of criminals
cannot read.
f) Poor education
causes half of all
crime.
Fact
Agree or disagree?
True or false?
True
Presented as
opinion or fact?
Agree or disagree?
True or false?
Example:
The USA has the
biggest economy in
the world.
Fact
a) Shakespeare was
a great writer.
Opinion
b) Shakespeare
wrote textbooks.
Fact
False
c) Smoking can be
dangerous.
Fact
True
d) Too many people
smoke in the UK.
Opinion
e) 95% of criminals
cannot read.
Fact
False (in the UK)
f) Poor education
causes half of all
crime.
Fact
It’s impossible to tell.
True
READING, NOTE-TAKING, AND USING
SOURCE MATERIALS
txtin iz messin,
mi headn'me englis,
try2rite essays,
they all come out txtis.
gran not plsed w/letters shes getn,
swears i wrote better
b4 comin2uni.
&she's african
Hetty Hughes
from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2001/may/03/internet.poetry
i w8 fr yr mesg the beep yr wrds of rude
luv.
U mke me blush w
The curve of yr letters u tch me thru my
palms, my eyes
Lucy Sweetman
2b or not 2b?
Despite doom-laden prophecies, texting has not been the disaster for
language many feared, argues linguistics professor David Crystal. On
the contrary, it improves children's writing and spelling
David Crystal
The Guardian, Saturday 5 July 2008
Last year, in a newspaper article headed "I h8 txt msgs: How texting is
wrecking our language", John Humphrys argued that texters are
"vandals who are doing to our language what Genghis Khan did to his
neighbours 800 years ago. They are destroying it: pillaging our
punctuation; savaging our sentences; raping our vocabulary. And they
must be stopped.“
As a new variety of language, texting has been condemned as
"textese", "slanguage", a "digital virus". According to John Sutherland
of University College London, writing in this paper in 2002, it is "bleak,
bald, sad shorthand. Drab shrinktalk ... Linguistically it's all pig's ear ...
it masks dyslexia, poor spelling and mental laziness. Texting is
penmanship for illiterates.“
Ever since the arrival of printing - thought to be the invention of the
devil because it would put false opinions into people's minds - people
have been arguing that new technology would have disastrous
consequences for language. Scares accompanied the introduction of
the telegraph, telephone, and broadcasting. But has there ever been a
linguistic phenomenon that has aroused such curiosity, suspicion, fear,
confusion, antagonism, fascination, excitement and enthusiasm all at
once as texting? And in such a short space of time. Less than a decade
ago, hardly anyone had heard of it.
The idea of a point-to-point short message service (or SMS) began to
be discussed as part of the development of the Global System for
Mobile Communications network in the mid-1980s, but it wasn't until
the early 90s that phone companies started to develop its commercial
possibilities. Text communicated by pagers were replaced by text
messages, at first only 20 characters in length. It took five years or
more before numbers of users started to build up. The average number
of texts per GSM customer in 1995 was 0.4 per month; by the end of
2000 it was still only 35.
David Crystal (2008) 2b or not 2b The Guardian
David Crystal - linguistics professor : it improves children's writing and spelling
OPPOSITION
John Humphrys (2007) "I h8 txt msgs: How texting is wrecking our language“ –
texting damages our language
John Sutherland, University College London : “Linguistically it's all pig's ear ... it
masks dyslexia, poor spelling and mental laziness. Texting is penmanship for
illiterates.“
Since arrival of printing people have been arguing that new tech = disastrous
language. e.g. with intro telegraph, telephone, and broadcasting.
Opinions on texting = v. strong
HISTORY
mid-1980s: point-to-point short message service (SMS) discussed,
early 90s commercial possibilities developed…SMS from pagers to mobile
1995 avg. txts per customer = 0.4pcm
end of 2000 = 35
Look back at your notes. What do you think about the following
statements?
1.
Crystal (2008) hates text messages.
2. Crystal (2008) claims that text messages are “wrecking our
language”.
3. Crystal (2008) condemns texting as “a digital virus”.
4. Crystal (2008) quotes John Humphrys and John Sutherland in his
summary of the argument against the language of text messages.
5. Crystal (2008) quotes John Sutherland of University College
London, who claimed that, linguistically, texting is “pig’s ear”.
6. Crystal (2008) believes that the arrival of printing was caused by
the devil.
1.
Crystal (2008) hates text messages. NO HE DOESN’T – JOHN
HUMPHRYS HATES TEXT MESSAGES
2.
Crystal (2008) claims that text messages are “wrecking our language”. –
NO. THIS IS ALSO JOHN HUMPHRYS
3.
Crystal (2008) condemns texting as “a digital virus”. – AGAIN, THIS IS
NOT CRYSTAL’S CLAIM. CRYSTAL ACTUALLY HOLDS THE
OPPOSITE POINT OF VIEW
4.
Crystal (2008) quotes John Humphrys and John Sutherland in his
summary of the argument against the language of text messages. – THIS
IS GOOD
5.
Crystal (2008) quotes John Sutherland of University College London, who
claimed that, linguistically, texting is “pig’s ear”. – THIS IS ALSO GOOD
6.
Crystal (2008) believes that the arrival of printing was caused by the devil.
– NO HE DOESN’T. HE MERELY REPORTS THAT SOME
PEOPLE WERE FRIGHTENED BY THE POTENTAIL TO USE
PRINTING FOR EVIL
7. Crystal (2008) believes that the commercial possibilities of text
messaging were first developed twenty years ago, even though the
use of point-to-point communications technology was discussed in
the 1980s.
8. According to Crystal, the idea of a point-to-point short message
service (or SMS) began to be discussed as part of the development
of the Global System for Mobile Communications network in the
mid-1980s, but it wasn't until the early 90s that phone companies
started to develop its commercial possibilities. Text communicated
by pagers were replaced by text messages, at first only 20
characters in length. It took five years or more before numbers of
users started to build up. The average number of texts per GSM
customer in 1995 was 0.4 per month; by the end of 2000 it was still
only 35.
7. Crystal (2008) believes that the commercial possibilities of text
messaging were first developed twenty years ago, even though the
use of point-to-point communications technology was discussed in
the 1980s. - THE PARAPHRASING HERE IS FINE, BUT IT
SHOULD BE “CRYSTAL STATES” RATHER THAN “BELIEVES”
8. According to Crystal, the idea of a point-to-point short message
service (or SMS) began to be discussed as part of the development
of the Global System for Mobile Communications network in the
mid-1980s, but it wasn't until the early 90s that phone companies
started to develop its commercial possibilities. Text communicated
by pagers were replaced by text messages, at first only 20
characters in length. It took five years or more before numbers of
users started to build up. The average number of texts per GSM
customer in 1995 was 0.4 per month; by the end of 2000 it was still
only 35. – NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR MANY REASONS. PLEASE
SPEAK TO ME URGENTLY IF YOU CAN’T SEE WHAT’S
WRONG WITH THIS!
READING NOTES : SELF-ASSESSMENT
Look at your notes from any article that you have read and answer the following
questions:
1.Did you reference the text clearly in your notes? Can you easily find the name
of the writer (or organisation / company / website), the title, the publisher (or
website) and date of publication (or date that you accessed your text)?
2.Did you use headings in your notes? If so, what headings did you use?
3.Did you use abbreviations or symbols in your notes? Again, which
abbreviations and symbols did you use? Compare notes with a partner. Can
you understand each other’s abbreviations and symbols?
4.How many different names did you write down? What were they?
5.Can you easily identify which words in your notes are YOURS, and which
words belong to your text’s author?
PRACTICE