Transcript Dia 1

Changing Finnish drinking habits 1968-2008
Pia Mäkelä
with Heli Mustonen & Christoffer Tigerstedt
Reykjavík, Iceland, August 23-25, 2010
17/07/2015
1
”Finland drinks”; Pia Mäkelä, Heli Mustonen
& Christoffer Tigerstedt (eds)
• Aimed at professionals,
politicians, researchers,
students etc.
• 22 chapters (300 pages)
• Research-based synthesis of
Finnish drinking habits and
their long-term changes
• Mostly based on Drinking
Habit Surveys
• Here: review of some central
results on long-term temporal
changes
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2
Finnish Drinking Habit Surveys
• Samples of the general population aged 15-69
• Face-to-face surveys carried out every 8 years
1968
1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
All
N
1 823
2 835
3 624
3 446
1 932
2 725
16 385
Resp.
rate %
97
96
94
87
78
74
Cover.
Rate %
41
37
31
45
38
38
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Background:
Per capita consumption increased nearly
constantly in 1968-2008
• Total increase:
consumption became 3-fold
12
12
10
10
8
Unrecorded
8
6
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4
Recorded retail sales
4
2
2
Recorded, on-premise
0
0
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
Estimates based on combining
survey & per capita data:
• Men:
2.2-fold (+10.3 litres)
• Women: 5.8-fold (+5.3 litres)
6
4
The changes have been culturally
more significant among women
(i.e, relative changes culturally more important
– absolute changes more important for public health)
The greater change apparent in all three factors of change
– (a) How many participate? (% abstainers)
– (b) How often people drink? (Frequency; % weekly
drinkers)
– (c) How much people drink? (Amounts drunk at a
time)
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Presentation name / Author
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Ch. 4 – Mäkelä, Mustonen, Huhtanen
(a) % abstainers, 1968-2008
%
%
Women
60
Men
20
18
50
16
14
40
15-29
12
30-49
30
50-69
All
20
10
8
6
4
10
2
0
0
1968
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1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
1968
1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
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Ch 4 – Mäkelä, Mustonen, Huhtanen
(b) Frequency of drinking:
% weekly drinkers,1968-2008
Women
50
%
%
(figure nearly identical for mean frequency of drinking)
Men
80
45
70
40
60
35
15-29
30
50
30-49
25
20
50-69
40
Kaikki
30
15
20
10
5
10
0
1968
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1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
0
1968
1976
Naisten lisääntynyt humalajuominen ja arki / Pia Mäkelä & Heli Mustonen
1984
1992
2000
2008
7
(c) Change in amounts drunk at a time:
Did light or heavier drinking occasions
increase in number?
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Presentation name / Author
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Ch. 4 – Mäkelä, Mustonen, Huhtanen
Women’s annual frequency of light vs. heavy
drinking occasions
Heavy (8+ drinks)
Times per year
Times per year
Light (1-4 drinks)
45
40
35
30
15-29
25
30-49
20
50-69
Kaikki
15
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
10
2
5
1
0
0
1968
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1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
1968
1976
Naisten lisääntynyt humalajuominen ja arki / Pia Mäkelä & Heli Mustonen
1984
1992
2000
2008
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Ch. 4 – Mäkelä, Mustonen, Huhtanen
Men’s annual frequency of light vs. heavy
drinking occasions
Heavy (8+ drinks)
Times per year
Times per year
Light (1-4 drinks)
70
60
50
15-29
40
30-49
50-69
30
Kaikki
30
25
20
15
10
20
5
10
0
0
1968
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1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
1968
1976
Naisten lisääntynyt humalajuominen ja arki / Pia Mäkelä & Heli Mustonen
1984
1992
2000
2008
10
Some lasting features:
- intoxication / binge drinking still central
- Concentration of drinking in weekends and evenings
Saturday 9 o’clock
1000000
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
M
on
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Tu
e
W
ed
Th
u
Fri
Presentation name / Author
Sa
t
Su
n
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Along with women’s increasing
consumption, the world of alcohol has
ceased to be a male bastion.
Alcohol has been domesticated and it
has become a domain shared by
couples in particular
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Presentation name / Author
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Estimated number of drinking occasions
at homes in Finland (1000s)
MEN
N of occasions
(1000)
% of all
occasions
WOMEN
N of occasions
(1000)
% of all
occasions
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1968
1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
959
1328
1237
1783
1831
2125
75
70
72
75
78
83
358
825
629
1089
1071
1216
76
72
68
77
77
80
Presentation name / Author
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Type of company when drinking at home, %
1968
1976
1984
1992
2000
2008
MEN
With partner
Same-sex
Other
22
23
55
20
15
65
28
13
59
33
11
56
38
13
49
45
9
46
WOMEN
With partner
Same-sex
Other
24
18
58
25
10
65
31
9
60
32
10
58
38
15
47
43
8
49
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Presentation name / Author
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GREAT CHANGE IN WINE DRINKING
• Drinking of table wine has increased 100-fold in 50 years
– from one glass a year to 2 glasses a week
• 10% drink wine with a meal weekly; only less than half
the times when wine is drunk, it is ”meal drinking”
• Huge differences by age (old+), region (urban+, south+)
and education (well educated+)
% 20
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Table wine, litres
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2008
2005
2002
1999
1996
1993
1990
1987
1984
1981
1978
1975
1972
1969
1966
1963
1960
1957
1954
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1951
L
i
t
r
e
s
Share from total, %
Presentation name / Author
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GREAT CHANGE IN WINE DRINKING
• Drinking of table wine has increased 100-fold in 50 years
– from one glass a year to 2 glasses a week
• 10% drink wine with a meal weekly; only less than half
the times when wine is drunk, it is ”meal drinking”
• Huge differences by age (old+), region (urban+, south+)
and education (well educated+)
% of drinking occasions that were self defined as "meal drinking"
Beverage:
Only wine
Meal
Others
All, %
All, times
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Also wine No wine
43
33
8
57
67
92
100
100
100
1689
1252
5798
Presentation name / Author
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GREAT CHANGE IN WINE DRINKING
• Drinking of table wine has increased 100-fold in 50 years
– from one glass a year to 2 glasses a week
• 10% drink wine with a meal weekly; only less than half
the times when wine is drunk, it is ”meal drinking”
• Huge differences by age (old+), region (urban+, south+)
and education (well educated+)
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Presentation name / Author
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