Transcript The Middle Ages/Medieval Period

The Middle Ages/Medieval
Period
1066-1485
William the Conqueror
Plantagenet
Lancaster
York
Henry II: 1154-1189
• increase royal
power
• control the church
• indirectly murdered
Thomas a Becket,
the Archbishop of
Canterbury
Richard I: 1189-1199
•considerable political and
military ability
model of a true knight
•fought in the Crusades
sought Holy Relics
gave to the poor
Richard the Lion-Hearted
•killed in battle in France
Richard II:1377-1399
uncle was John of Gaunt, ruled
briefly in his place
•peasants’ revolt of 1389
•confiscated the lands of the
House of Lancaster, belonging to
John of Gaunt, when John died
John’s son, Henry Bolingbroke,
invaded and took over
Henry IV: 1399-1413
House of Lancaster
spent much of his reign
just trying to establish
himself
had to quell many rebellions
son (Henry V) maintained close
relationship with Richard II
Edward IV: 1461-1470 and 1471-1483
House of York
encouraged William
Caxton and his
printing press
FEUDALISM
MANOR
SERFS
SOCIAL LIFE
DAY TO DAY
home of the lord and the
land around it
completely dependent on
overload
farming, herding, church
These matters were seen to
by knights and serfs.
Imperialism
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London
Scotland
Wales
Ireland
France
Territories extending
southeast into Holy
Land
KNIGHTHOOD
not necessarily passed on
from generation to generation
did not have to be nobility to be a
knight
went on local quests
went to fight the French
•went on crusades to the Holy
Land
•jousted in tournaments
Chivalry
• Code of behavior for all
knights
• Honorable
• Courteous
• Generous
• Brave
• Skillful in battle
• Merciful
• Respectful to woman
• Helpful to the weak
Roman Catholic Church-united all people
from kings to serfs in one common faith and
church
This church in Rottingdean, East Sussex, is nearly 1000 years old. It was
made of stone and built to last. It would have been much larger than a
Medieval peasant's cruck house.
Ely Cathedral
• site of Christian
worship since 673
• was originally a
monastery
• sacked by Danes in
870s
• This structure was built
after the Norman
Conquest.
• became a cathedral in
1109
Crusades
• series of military
campaigns
• between late 1000s and
late 1200s
• usually approved by the
Pope
• combination of
war/pilgrimage
• aimed to take
Jerusalem back from
the Moslems
Hundred Years War
• 1337-1453
• between England and
France
• English were
eventually driven out
of France
• England had major
victories over France
and Scotland
Monastery life
• self-sufficient
community
• day consumed with
work and prayer
• between prayers monks
were permitted to write
and transcribe
• wrote and studied in
Latin
• also spoke other
common languages
• opened to weary
travelers
120 churches
London Bridge
Life in London
• street games
• wealthy merchants
hunting on horseback
• ice-skating on sheep
bone skates
• narrow and twisting
streets
• most buildings made
from wood and straw
• center of commerce
and trade
The Black Death: 1348-1349
• Bubonic plague
• killed 1/3 of population
of London
• occurred world-wide,
killing estimated 75
million
• serious blow to the
Roman Catholic
Church- “live for the
moment”
• likely spread by the
fleas on rats
Guilds
• people learned through
apprenticeships
• covered all kinds of
skills, from barrelmaking to moneymanagement
• series of steps to
progress through,
including craftsman
and master
Guildhall in London
Herding
• British wool became
famous
• herding replaced
farming in importance
• cottages were turned
into mills
• textile industry began
Printing Press
• Gutenberg: 1440s
• movable type
• 1476-William Caxton
brought to London
• English dialect of
London became
available to much wider
audience
• writing became more
standard-less
influenced by copying
preferences and errors