Transcript Open standards in public procurement stimulating

Handbook
STEPPIN Dissemination Workshop
Warsaw, Poland, June 20, 2008
Leendert van Bergeijk, Virage, the Netherlands
STEPPIN is supported by the European Commission under the
Europe INNOVA initiative
Content
 Introduction
 Web-based Handbook
 Quick reference guide
 Questions
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Introduction
 Project results
 Web-based handbook – living document
– Up-to-date information & practical examples
 Quick reference guide
– Easy to use in day-to-day job
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Web-based handbook
Includes all reports, annexes, reference material, policy
recommendations and the toolset.
 Content
– Introduction
– Definitions
– Best theory – the role of standards in the public
procurement process to promote innovation
– Background – issues to consider when using standards to
promote innovation
– Identified best practices
– Enablers and barriers
– Hints and tips for practitioners
– Conclusion
– Useful websites
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HANDBOOK
Quick reference guide
STEPPIN project
STandards in European Public Procurement leading to INnovation
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Introduction
Using Standards Finding Standards
Legal Aspects
Hint & Tips
Practical Cases
Websites
Introduction
Standards are important in European public procurement and one way of fostering innovation. This
handbook builds on the best theory combined with the outputs from the STEPPIN research (STandards in
European Public Procurement leading to INnovation) and the expertise of the fourteen project partners, to
produce a framework or body of knowledge in this field. Above all, it aims to give practical guidance to the
public procurer and policy makers to enable them to do their jobs more efficiently and effectively.
Why does the European commission stimulate
the use of standards in tender documents?
Representing more than 15% of Gross Domestic Product
within the European Union, considerable resources have
been channelled into developing public procurement
legislation to foster the development of the single market
within the European Union. The Lisbon Strategy (2000) had
the stated aim to make Europe the most competitive and
dynamic knowledge based economy in the world by 2010.
What is the STEPPIN project?
The STEPPIN project is one of six pan-European Networks
on standards and innovation established under the Europe
INNOVA banner and funded by the sixth framework
programme. STEPPIN looks into how innovation amongst
bidding companies can be stimulated by improving the way in
which existing standards are referenced in European public
procurement processes.
The project definitions
The review of the strategy in 2004 confirmed that innovation
would be a major driver of economic change. This in turn led
to the development of a number of initiatives to support the
objectives of the Directorate-General for Enterprise and
Industry of the European Commission. The Europe INNOVA
Standards Network was established to identify and promote
standards that support innovation in Europe.
Definitions and vocabulary are always important, especially
when the subject matter under consideration relates to public
procurers, the innovation of product and processes, and the
use of formal and informal standards.
Definition of Public Procurement
A European public procurer is any public organisation in the
EU Member States, either at the national, regional or local
level, which is procuring goods or services in order to provide
public services.
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Introduction
established by consensus and approved by a recognised
body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules,
guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results,
aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a
given context’.
Definition of Standards
EN 45020:2006 defines standards as ‘documents’,
established by consensus and approved by a recognised
body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules,
guidelines or characteristics for activities of their results,
aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in
an given context’
Open standards
Formal standards are in general also ‘open standards’,
because the standardisation process and application is open,
transparent for all interested stakeholders and individuals and
is available at minimal cost. For the purposes of the
STEPPIN project only ‘open standards’ are considered.
Formal and informal standards
Generally, standards are differentiated between formal and
informal standards. Where formal standards describe
standards developed by ‘recognised bodies’ like CEN,
CENELEC, and ETSI at the European level and ISO, IEC,
and ITU at the international level and national
standardisation bodies like DIN, AFNOR or BSI. In contrast,
informal standards are developed in industry fora and
consortia like IETF, W3C, OASIS, and the IEEE. Standards
developed by professional bodies account for a minority of
all standards produced, and more importantly, the uses of
standards by public procurement organisations are not
mandatory.
Definition of Innovation
(Inter)national level of standards
For the STEPPIN project the most relevant type of standards
are formal standards. Common definitions of formal
standards are those at the international (ISO), European and
national level. ISO defines standards as ‘documents
In the case of this project, the OECD[1] definition of
innovation is used, whereby an innovation is defined as the
implementation of a new or significantly improved product
(good or service) or process. It is also defined as a new
marketing method or a new organisational method in business
practices. Innovation activities are scientific, technological,
organisational, financial and commercial steps which actually,
or are intended to, lead to the implementation of innovations.
Specifically, a product innovation is the introduction of goods
or services that are new, or significantly improved, with
respect to characteristics or intended uses. This includes
improvements in technical specifications, components and
materials, incorporated software, user friendliness or other
functional characteristics. A process innovation is the
implementation of new or substantially improved production or
delivery methods. These include considerable changes in
techniques, equipment and/or software.
[1]OECD denotes the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and
Development. Source: Eurostat Oslo Manual 2005.
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How to use standards to foster innovation?
Promoting innovation by referencing standards should be encouraged throughout the
whole public procurement and contract life cycle, but the greatest potential of standards
to stimulate innovation arises during the earliest stages. Innovation here refers not to the
procurement process, but to its impact on the goods procured.
Where innovation solutions are encouraged as part of a performance specification within
single or multiple standards, suppliers have greater scope to develop enhanced product
offerings. Standards also reduce the risk for companies engaged in research and
development and should further encourage innovation.
From an economy-wide perspective, successful innovation also encompasses the
diffusion of innovative products. Consequently, procurement by public institutions
attracted by the cost-saving and risk-reducing impacts of standards also promotes this
aspect of successful innovation. Risk reduction impacts are seen as greater drivers of
adoption than those of cost savings.
Tip:
Decide how to manage risk in the procurement process. Interoperability standards are able to help you with that.
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Using Standards
Position in a tender
The following flow diagram is one method of demonstrating
the opportunities of using standards in the supply chain to
stimulate innovation. These are discussed in three phases,
covering the period before procurement, during procurement
and post procurement.
Before procurement
In selecting the most appropriate standards many suitable
suppliers should be involved to collect all relevant standards
for selection and to achieve the most informed decision. The
early involvement of potential suppliers will also help public
procurers to benefit from efficiency gains and therefore costsaving and risk-reducing effect of standards and their
compatibility ensuring function. .
The advantage of referencing standards in this context is that
the intellectual property rights potentially become available at
a lower cost and therefore lower prices for the procurer. The
most competitive situation will be achieved, if open – even
royalty-free – standards published by the European or
national standards bodies are selected. If consortia or even
proprietary standards are referenced, the relevant intellectual
property rights have to be checked in order to avoid only
single, or very few tenders, being submitted to the supplier.
After this pre-selection process, the selected standards
should be communicated in advance of the publication of the
tender to the market. In the tender document, referencing
standards should be used for the specification of input and
output requirements of the tender.
In order to promote or allow innovative solutions, that is, both
the development of innovative products by the tendering
companies and the option for the procuring organisation to
buy innovative products, the procurers should preferably
reference functional, output, or performance standards; in
other words, specifications defining maximum input.
Referencing standards is also an instrument to divide large
public procurement projects into different smaller lots and
therefore promotes the involvement of small and medium
companies.
Tip:
Let the market propose creative solutions by using performance based standards.
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Using Standards
The successful implementation of standards in an innovative
product benefits both the supplier and the procurer since
standards level the playing field, and may enable the supplier
to gain a competitive edge when undertaking work for the
private sector. However, follow-up contracts or longer term
contracts have to take into account newly released standards.
During Procurement
After receipt of the tenders, the evaluation of the proposals
can be achieved more efficiently and objectively by relying
on the referenced standards. If the referenced standards are
not taken into account during completion of the tender, the
tenders would not be eligible for further selection and
inclusion in the sourcing process. The quality or costeffectiveness of those proposals meeting the minimum
requirements set by standards can be more effectively and
efficiently measured by referring to this baseline. This
assessment also includes the proposal of innovative
solutions outperforming the threshold requirements.
In general
The theory suggests that standards can play an important role
in procurement by increasing the efficiency of the tendering
process, reducing the risk for both the procurer and the
tendering companies normally attached to innovative
solutions, providing objective baseline criteria for costeffectiveness in public procurement, but also help to promote
the development and diffusion of innovations through public
procurement.
Example:
Service Public Fédéral Intérieur in Brussels
want to tender fire-brigade trousers and
vests. Are they able to use a standard to
make their tendering process more easily?
Yes, they is able to use a standard! In the
next chapter you will find out which kind of
standard they are able to use.
After Procurement
During the contract period or on completion of the contract,
risks associated with defective products or the breakdown of
systems or processes may arise. They can be more easily
handled if contractors are able to refer to standards specified
in the contract. This may prove to be invaluable, especially
in cases of liability.
Tip:
More information about using standards and their theoretical background can be found in the
web-based handbook (under construction).
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Using Standards
Responsibilities
Enablers and barriers
Standards can be barriers and enablers for innovation. The
following issues may occur:
 Performance and interoperability standards are enablers,
technical standards can be barriers
 Standards are the outcome of a consensus process,
representing the smallest denominator. This does not
necessarily stimulate innovation
Standards must therefore be used appropriately. However,
incorporating innovation within standards may help the public
procurer fulfils the social responsibility aspects of their role.
The public procurer is responsible for spending taxpayer’s
money. Goods and services procured should contribute to
societal, economic and environmental goals; in other words,
to the sustainability agenda. Performance-based
specifications allow the opportunity to get the best products
and services from the market at reasonable prices, while at
the same time providing opportunities to suppliers that have
not been able to do business with you before. If these
suppliers are able to deliver on this agenda, it could be
argued that they are stimulating innovation
 Standards can create a lock-in with technology, lacking
compatibility towards the future
Interopera
bility
standards
 Proprietary standards can dominate the market and
Environment
prevent innovation
 Standards can be old not reflecting most up to date
Wanted
product/serv
ice
Functional
described technical
specifications &
(performance)
standards
solutions.
 A number of objective barriers may also be present,
including legislation, internal regulation and the lack of
information.
 Subjective barriers present may include individual
perception, communication and communication channels.
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Finding Standards
How to find the right standards?
The STEPPIN project have developed a seven step methodology for searching and using
standards in procurement documents.
Finding the right standards you have to bear in mind the economic relevance, legislative
requirements, understanding the implementation of standards and the importance of
communication.
Tip:
Be sure you find the correct standard, otherwise there is a good chance you will not get the product you ask for:
What the purchaser
wants
What the purchaser
tells the tenderer
What the tenderer
understands
What the tenderer
plans to build
What the tenderer
does build
What the purchaser
really needs
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Finding Standards
Step 3: Selection of appropriate standard
Step 1: Specification of procured good
As with all good sourcing practice, the first step is to have a
clear concept of what to buy and what performance is
required.
By selecting a European standard there will be no
contradicting national standard. Though all formal standards
are considered for revision every five years, it is important to
identify and select the version that is in force. Furthermore,
use performance based standards rather than descriptive
standards.
Example:
Service Public Fédéral Intérieur in Brussels
are able to use e.g. EN469:2005!
EN469:2005;
Protective clothing for firefighters
Performance requirements for protective
clothing for firefighting.
- This standard has an EU acceptance
because it is an EN standard.
- This standard is performance driven
because it describes performance
requirements for protective clothing for
firefighting.
Example:
Service Public Fédéral Intérieur in Brussels
want to buy fire-brigade trousers and vests.
These garments have to be e.g. heat- and
fire-resistant, visible, water-resistant,
reflecting and contain markings.
Step 2: Search for existing standards
STEPPIN creates a Knowledge Base linking the Common
Procurement Vocabulary (CPV) to the International
Classification for Standards (ICS).
A number of catalogues and databases for Standards exist.
Some, such as Perinorm are available on subscription (see
next page).
Other, such as the European Commission have worked in
partnership with national standardisation organisations to
develop a resource detailing a ‘New Approach
Standardisation in the Internal Market’ (see next page).
Step 4: Accessing standards
For the catalogues of all ISO, IEC and European standards
please refer to the internet site of your national member of
CEN. You will find the address at www.cen.eu. Within these
catalogues you may access the correct standard. You may
also contact your national member for detailed information.
Formal standards are protected by copyright. The original
sources should always be used.
Tip:
Look at your national standards body website! You will find the internet address of your national standards
body in chapter ‘Websites’. Or use the European CEN website.
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Finding Standards
Tip:
Perinorm; Europe’s largest standards data
pool. Standards information direct from the
standard institutes with standards
management and full-text tools.
Tip:
Watch out! Do not copy/paste standards out
of old tender documents! There are old
versions of standards, which have been
revised. There are also draft versions of
a standard. Don’t use them, use the updated
and final version.
A procurer asked: How to get information on this?
A standard expert advised as follows:
A way to avoid such mistakes is to be familiar with the
standard databases of the national standardisation bodies. In
these databases you will find all valid versions and if needed
you can get help from the experts at the sales departments/
help desks (e.g. Perinorm). Use the original source. Every 5
years all stakeholders are asked to review the standards. It
can be done earlier if necessary.
Tip:
New Approach; Standards related to
directives. This is a website to provide
access to information on standards and
routes into the standardization process.
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Finding Standards
Step 5: Search for relevant information in a
standard
This fifth step relates to searching for relevant elements as
defined in any standard document. Check for the relevant
information the following parts of a standard:
- Scope
- Normative References
- Provisions/ Requirements
- Normative Annexes
Example:
This is an example of some Normative
References of EN 469:2005
The following referenced documents are
indispensable for the application of this
European Standard. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 340, Protective Clothing – General
requirements
EN 367, Protective clothing – Protection
against heat and fire – Method of determining
heat transmission on exposure to flame
EN 533:1997, Protective clothing – Protection
against heat and flame – Limited flame
spread materials and material assemblies
ISO 5077, Textiles – Determination of
dimensional change in washing ad drying
(CEN, 2005)
Step 6: Interpretation of requirements in
standards
Provisions in a standard may be deviated from as standards
are voluntary; but it should be noted that deviations may
result in the loss of qualification of the CE (trading) mark.
Step 7: Reference to standards in tenders
The final step reiterates why the public procurer has chosen
to use standards in tender documents. There should be a
reference to those standards necessary to result in the
requires performance.
Example:
Service Public Fédéral Intérieur in Brussels
are able to use the following technical
specifications:
1 Requirements of visibility: EN469 supplement B.
2 Requirements of reflecting materials: EN469 supplement
B3.
3 Requirements of fluorescent materials: EN469 point 5.3
4 Requirements of electrostatic risks: EN469 supplement H.
5 Requirements of markings: EN469 point 7.
Tip:
If you will deviate from the standard, you will have to do a burden of proof.
Be aware of this!
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What are the legal aspects of using a standard?
The way in which specifications are formulated in government contracts can have an
important impact on competition, including on the ability of ‘innovative’ firms to
participate. It is important for contracting authorities to realise that many difficulties in
this area arise from the use of different standards in different Member State. Standards
can be mandatory (imposes by governments, and often referred to as ‘technical
regulations) or voluntary (used by purchasers in the market without any legal obligation).
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Problems to solve.
“Or equivalent”
A standard normally sets out an set of requirements for a
product or a service to meet. Standards for products cover
matters such as performance levels, durability, health and
safety requirements etc. A standard may be mandatory in
the sense that it specified by (European) law for products or
services placed on the market. Most of the standards
however are voluntary in that they are not legally obligated
for goods and services on the market. In case of mandatory
European law it is important to realise that most of the
European directives on this manner only set out a minimum
level of harmonisation regarding subjects such as health,
environment, consumers protection. In European law these
are the solely subjects that gave member states the
possibility (over the years) to derogate from the ground rule
of article 28 EC Treaty (‘freedom of goods’). The European
strategy on this matter is called the ‘new approach’. This
strategy was replaced by the strategy of ‘mutual recognition’
in the early nineties. In other means: once the harmonisation
took place on European level, governments of different
member states are not allowed any more to refuse other
(National) standards that are equivalent to the one that was
asked in the tender documents (or European directives, see
Greece Medipac juriprudence). In procurement law this
obviously resulted in the rule that any described standard is
to be followed by the words ‘or equivalent’.
The restriction on trade resulting from different standards is
one of the most significant problems that the EC faces in
creating a single European market. The Dundalk and Unix
case (European Court of Justice) make it clear that procuring
entities cannot exclude products that meet their exact
functional requirements. It is less clear how the EC Treaty
rules apply to the exclusion of products (and services) that are
slightly different from those specified. For example the
question on to allow different standards who might be slightly
higher or lower than the one purposed in the tender
documents. Another problem we are facing is the following:
without prejudice to mandatory national technical rules, to the
extent that they are compatible with Community law, the
technical specifications shall be formulated to European
standards (CEN, CENELEC), European technical approvals
and common technical specifications. It is still unclear what a
contracting authority should do when they are faces with
another (national) standard that perfectly fits into the
requirement of European standards. Finally where a
contracting authority uses the option of using technical
specifications in terms of performance or functional
requirements, it also may not reject a tender for products or
services which comply with a national standard transposing a
European standard, with a European technical approval, a
common technical specification, an international standard or a
technical reference system established by a European
standardisation body, if these specifications address the
performance or functional requirements which it has laid
down.
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Example:
Because of the performance based standard
EN469:2005 in the functional described tender
of Service Public Fédéral Intérieur a required
company is able to innovate.
For example, WillemvanderMark B.V., an
innovative Dutch company:
- Developed high innovative fire protective
cloths to meet standard EN469:2005
- Is still optimising his fire protective cloths to
meet future overhaul of standard EN469:????
Use and how to use.
In general it is clear that to foster innovation by the use of
standards contracting authorities should think - in the
beginning of the (procurement) process - about the use and
how to use (European) standards. As mentioned before
most standards are not obligatory. Furthermore its also
important that the government can get ‘inspired’ by the
(minimal) requirements in a standard and complete them
(top them) whit there one requirements. This is will foster
innovation the most. The negative aspect of this strategy will
be –as mentioned before- the difficulties that governments
can face concerning the element of proof. In other words:
how do I know - as a purchaser- what certificates or other
means, I have to accept once I go further than the (regular)
standard. Obviously, the certificate regarding the minimal
requirements in the (partially) used standard is not enough!
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Hints & Tips
Hints and tips you can use during the process.
The STEPPIN project believes that the public procurer has an opportunity to support
small and medium sized enterprises (SME’s) and in turn contribute to a wider European
Union agenda. By using and complete these hints and tips you will contribute to a easier
procurement process for all European procurers.
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Hints & Tips
Tip: Be sure you find the correct standard, otherwise there is
a good chance you will not get the product you ask for:
What the purchaser
wants
What the purchaser
tells the tenderer
What the tenderer
understands
What the tenderer
plans to build
What the tenderer
does build
What the purchaser
really needs
Ten point guide
The European Union has published a ten point guide of good
practice when dealing with innovative solutions in public
procurement. The procurer should:
1.
Act as an intelligent customer.
2.
Consult the market before tendering.
3.
Involve key stakeholder throughout the process.
4.
Let the market propose creative solutions.
5.
Seek value for money, not just the lowest price.
6.
Take advantage of electronic means.
7.
Decide how to manage risk.
8.
Use contractual arrangements to encourage
innovation.
9.
Develop an implementation plan.
10.
Learn for the future.
Hints and tips of this guide
Here you will find the summarised hints and tips which are
used in this quick reference guide.
Tip: Decide how to manage risk in the procurement process.
Interoperability standards are able to help you with that.
Tip: Let the market propose creative solutions by using
performance based standards.
Tip: More information about using standards and their
theoretical background can be found in the web-based
handbook (under construction).
Tip: Look at your national standards body website! You will
find the internet address of your national standards body in
chapter ‘Websites’. Or use the European CEN website.
Tip: Watch out! Do not copy/paste standards out of old tender
documents! There are old versions of standards, which have
been revised. There are also draft versions of a standard.
Don’t use them, use the updated and final version.
A procurer asked: How to get information on this?
A standard expert advised as follows:
A way to avoid such mistakes is to be familiar with the
standard databases of the national standardisation bodies. In
these databases you will find all valid versions and if needed
you can get help from the experts at the sales departments/
help desks (e.g. Perinorm). Use the original source. Every 5
years all stakeholders are asked to review the standards. It
can be done earlier if necessary.
Tip: Perinorm; Europe’s largest standards data pool.
Standards information direct from the standard institutes with
standards management and full-text tools.
www.europe-innova.org
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Hint & Tips
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Websites
Hints & Tips
Tip: If you will deviate from the standard, you will have to do a
burden of proof. Be aware of this!
More hints and tips
Please, feel free to complete this chapter!
Tip:
Tip: New Approach; Standards related to directives. This is
a website to provide access to information on standards and
routes into the standardization process.
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Practical Cases
Practical cases of using standards in the public
procurement process to foster innovation.
During every step in this quick reference guide there is made a reference to a practical
example of the Service Public Fédéral Intérieur in Brussels. On the next page you will find
this example. This chapter describes also other practical examples of public procurement
fostering innovation.
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Practical Case 1
Service Public Fédéral Intérieur
The Service Public Fédéral Intérieur (SPFI) in Brussels want
to tender fire-brigade trousers and vests. They were
wondering themselves: “are we able to use a standard to
make our tendering process more easily?” Yes, they are
able to use a standard! By using the seven steps to find the
right standard they found out which kind of standard they
were able to use.
During the first step is they made a clear concept of what to
buy and what performance is required. The SPFI want to
buy fire-brigade trousers and vests. These garments have to
be e.g. heat- and fire-resistant, visible, water-resistant,
reflecting and contain markings.
The SPFI searched for a relevant existing standard and
selected the appropriate standard. It seemed that the SPFI
were able to use e.g. EN469:2005. EN469:2005 is called;
Protective clothing for fire-fighters
“Performance requirements for protective clothing for firefighting.”
This standard has an EU acceptance because it is an EN
standard and This standard is performance driven because it
describes performance requirements for protective clothing
for fire-fighting.
The SPFI searched for relevant information in the standard.
They were able to reed the information of the following parts
of the standard to get a clear view of the standard: the
scope, the normative references, the provisions or requirements
and the normative annexes. The following is a example of some
normative references of EN 469:2005:
“The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
application of this European Standard. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
EN 340, Protective Clothing – General requirements
EN 367, Protective clothing – Protection against heat and fire –
Method of determining heat transmission on exposure to flame
EN 533:1997, Protective clothing – Protection against heat and
flame – Limited flame spread materials and material assemblies
ISO 5077, Textiles – Determination of dimensional change in
washing ad drying” (CEN, 2005)
Finally the SPFI referenced to the standard in their tender
documents. E.g. the SPFI were able to use the following
technical specifications of the EN 469:2005 in their tender
documents:
1 Requirements of visibility: EN469 supplement B.
2 Requirements of reflecting materials: EN469 supplement B3.
3 Requirements of fluorescent materials: EN469 point 5.3
4 Requirements of electrostatic risks: EN469 supplement H.
5 Requirements of markings: EN469 point 7.
Because of the performance based standard EN469:2005 in the
functional described tender of the SPFI, a required company is
able to innovate.
For example, WillemvanderMark B.V., an innovative Dutch
company developed high innovative fire protective cloths to meet
standard EN469:2005 and is still optimising his fire protective
cloths to meet future overhaul of standard EN469:????
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Introduction
Using Standards Finding Standards
Legal Aspects
Hint & Tips
Practical Cases
Websites
Practical Case 2
Your practical case.
More cases can be used!
www.europe-innova.org
Introduction
Using Standards Finding Standards
Legal Aspects
Hint & Tips
Practical Cases
Websites
Websites
http://www.europe-innova.org/
Luxembourg:
www.see.lu
Malta:
www.msa.org.mt
The Netherlands: www.nen.nl
Poland:
www.pkn.pl
Portugal:
www.ipq.pt
Romania:
www.asro.ro
Slovakia:
www.sutn.gov.sk
Slovenia:
www.sist.si
Spain:
www.aenor.es
Sweden:
www.sis.se
United Kingdom: www.bsi-global.com
Standardisation bodies
Perinorm
Useful websites
Project website
EU:
http://www.cen.eu
National standardisation bodies:
Austria:
www.on-noem.at
Belgium:
www.nbn.be
Bulgaria:
www.bds-bg.org
Cyprus:
www.cys.org.cy
Czech Republic: www.cni.cz
Denmark:
www.ds.dk
Estonia:
www.evs.ee
Finland:
www.sfs.fi
France:
www.afnor.org
Germany:
www.din.de
Greece:
www.elot.gr
Hungary:
www.mszt.hu
Ireland:
www.nsai.ie
Italy:
www.uni.com
Latvia:
www.lvs.lv
Lithuania:
www.lsd.lt
http://www.perinorm.com/
New Approach Standardisation website:
http://www.newapproach.org/
Directives:
2004/17/EC:
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:134:000
1:0113:EN:PDF
2004/18/EC:
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2004:134:011
4:0240:EN:PDF
2007/66/EC:
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:335:003
1:0046:EN:PDF
www.europe-innova.org
Introduction
Using Standards Finding Standards
Legal Aspects
Hint & Tips
Practical Cases
Websites
Websites
COM (2005), 488 final, 12-10-2005:
http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2005:0488:FIN:EN:PDF
Official Journal of the European Union:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/
reflist.html
STEPPIN Project Partners:
Virage B.V.:
Corvers Procurement Services:
NEN, Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut:
FIR:
AENOR:
DIN:
DS:
Pleon UK Ltd:
Fraunhofer ISI:
CEN:
Consip S.p.A, Research Unit:
BME e.V.:
CIPS:
APASP:
www.virage.nl
www.corvers.nl
www.nen.nl
www.fir.rwth-aachen.de
www.aenor.es
www.ebn.din.de
www.ds.dk
www.pleon.nl
www.isi.fraunhofer.de
www.cen.eu
www.consip.it
www.bme.de
www.cips.org
www.apasp.com
www.europe-innova.org
Introduction
Using Standards Finding Standards
Legal Aspects
Hint & Tips
Practical Cases
Websites
Questions?
Thank you for your attention.
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www.europe-innova.org