Transcript Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
Effects &
Symptoms
Short and Long Term Effects
& Withdrawal Symptoms
What is a 'Drug' ?
A pharmaceutical preparation or a
naturally occurring substance used
primarily to bring about any
change in the existing process or
state (physiological, psychological or
biochemical ) is called a ‘drug’.
USE vs. ABUSE
USE: Intake of drugs to : Treat an Illness
Prevent a Disease
Improve Health Condition
ABUSE: Intake of drugs, for reasons
other than medical, in such a manner
that the drugs affects the physical or
mental functioning of the person.
Drugs
Kill !
Stay away from
them !
Classification of Addictive Drugs
Narcotic Analgesics
Cannabis
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Volatile Solvents
Other Drugs of Abuse
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
Pain Killing orRelieving drugs with the Opium like effects.
Natural
Sources
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Semi
Synthetic
Heroin
(Brown Sugar)
Synthetic
Buprenorphine
(tidigesic)
Methadone
Pentazocine
Modes of Intake
Codeine
Oral (tablets & cough syrups)
Heroin
Injection, Inhalation, Chasing
Opium
Oral, Inhalation
Morphine
Injection
Buprenorphine
Oral, Injection
LONG - TERM EFFECTS
Mood Instability
Reduced Libido
Constipation
Respiratory Impairments
Physical Deterioration
In female abusers, menstrual
irregularity and fetal addiction /
abnormality.
Infections like serum hepatitis
and HIV can occur among IV users.
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
Tolerance and Psychological
Dependence Develop
Feeling Of Unpleasantness
Severe Pain
Diarrhea
Dilation of Pupils
Insomnia
Hallucinations
STIMULANTS
Drugs which Excite or Speed up the
Central Nervous System :
Amphetamines
Cocaine
DEPRESSANTS
Drugs which Depress or Slow Down
the Functions of the Central Nervous
System :
Sedative - Hypnotics
o Barbiturates
o Benzodiazepines
Alcohol
DEPRESSANTS : Long Term Effect
Long-term Effects of Depressants:
Depression
Chronic Fatigue
Respiratory Impairments
Impaired Sexual Function
Decreased Attention Span
Poor Memory and Judgement
Chronic Sleep Problems
HALLUCINOGENS
Hallucinogens are drugs which affect
Perception, Emotions and Mental
Processes.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Mescaline
Psilocybin
CANNABIS
Cannabis includes :
Ganja / Marijuana
Hashish / Charas
Hashish Oil
Bhang.
The most common mode
of intake is Smoking .
CANNABIS : Long-term Effects
Decreased Cognitive Ability
Amotivational Syndrome
Respiratory Problems
Sterility/Impotence
Psychosis
In women abusers,
Fetal damage
can occur
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
Tolerance and Psychological
Dependence Develop
Sleep Disturbances
Loss of Appetite, Irritability
Depression or psychotic
symptoms may
become prominent
Tremors
OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE
Muscle Relaxants
Analgesics
Anti-Histamines
Anti-Emetics
Anti-Depressants / Anti-Psychotics
EFFECTS
A few examples of
possible effects of Drugs !
DAMAGE DUE TO ADDICTION
Physical
Deterioration
Psychiatric Problems
Safety Risks (Accidents and highly
Risky Behaviour)
Intellectual Impairment
Personality Deterioration
Legal Risks
Drug Addiction
Tolerance
Psychological
Dependence
Physical Dependence
Withdrawal Symptoms
Impact on
Family
How the drugs impact or affect the family ?
Featuring a discussion on
The Altered Family Dynamics
Happy Family Portrait by – Rani
ALTERED FAMILY DYNAMICS
Suffers
as financial
resources are diverted
for alcohol / drugs
Loses self esteem due
to growing criticism
and provocations
Isolates from external
contacts to protect
itself from further
embarrassment
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myrI boql nwlI’c
roHV qI !
Enabling Behaviour
In their attempts to eliminate the
problem, the family unknowingly
enables the addict to continue with his
inappropriate behaviour.
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dI dvweI hY !
Enabling Behaviour : few examples
Justifying
addict’s use
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inSwnI vI geI !
of drugs / alcohol.
Calling the employer and
making excuses on addict’s
behalf to explain his
irresponsible behaviour.
Paying Debts Incurred
by the addict.
CO-DEPENDENCY TRAITS
Loss
of Daily Structure
Lack of Personal Care
Indifference to Health
Problems
Loss of Priorities
in Life
... co-dependency traits
Inability
to Maintain Interpersonal
Relationships
Inability to Set and Maintain Limits
Inability to Make Decisions
Defensiveness
Feelings Experienced by the Family
Repeated problems and failures lead to :
Shame and Loneliness
Hopelessness
Fear
Hurt
Grief
Anger
Guilt
Impact on
Children
How the parent’s addiction
affects the children ?
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
a)
b)
c)
Problems Faced by Children
The Self-imposed Commands
(the Self-protection Roles)
Guidelines to Parents
(a) Problems Faced by Children
Lack
of Care and Warmth
Lack of a Role Model
Loss of Self - Esteem
Difficulty with Intimate
Relationships
Living in Constant Fear
and Anxiety
(b) The Self-imposed Commands
Three Painful, Self - Imposed Commands
ADJUSTING CHILD ... the lost child
Very
Timid
Indulges in Solitary Activities
‘Invisible’ and Withdrawn
Gets Sick too often
(stress related illnesses)
PLACATING CHILD ... the mascot
Provides
Humour / Fun to Reduce
Tension in the Family
Fear of Not Belonging
Fear of Breaking Down
Has Not Learnt :to take Care of
his Emotions
to express his Needs
REBELLIOUS CHILD ... the scapegoat
Defiant
Acts
Out
Low Achiever
Throws ‘Tantrums’
(c) What Parents can do for the Child
Bitter are the Tears of your child
Soothen them.
Ruffled are the Thoughts of your child
Quieten them.
Heavy is the Grief of your child
Lighten it.
Soft is the Heart of your child
Embrace it.
Identifying the Child of an Addict
Poor
attendance without any valid
reason
Drop in school grades
Pre-occupation
in class, sleepy
unable to concentrate
Friendlessness and isolation or being
withdrawn
… identifying the child of an addict
Sudden
temper and other emotional
outbursts
Extreme
fear about situations
involving contact with parents
Presence of bruises quite often on the
child’s body
Agitation, rebelliousness
… identifying the child of an addict
Inability
to pay school fees on time
despite father holding a job
Unable to comply with school
regulations such as bringing in
permission slips, materials for project
Nobody present during the parent–
teacher meeting
DO’s &
DONT’s
What the family members should :Avoid Doing !
Need to Do !
Avoid Doing This !
Hiding
or throwing away alcohol / drugs.
Arguing when he is under the influence.
Asking reasons for alcohol / drug use.
Lecturing or making Emotional Appeals.
(Sticks) - Punishing, Threatening
(Carrots) - Bribing
In the long run, none
of these methods work.
What Family Need to Do !
To accept that
addiction is a
serious
problem
which
requires
professional help
To calmly discuss
addiction
and
related problems
openly
… need to do !
To stop protecting
by covering up the
consequences of
drug / alcohol use.
Don’t feel or give
the impression that
the addict is doing
a favour by not
‘using’
… need to do !
Start communicating
openly to the other
family members about
their concerns
To plan one day at a
time and start
executing them
… need to do !
Let him start
looking after their
own needs and the
needs of other
family members
Let him understand
that he is not alone
and that all our help
is available
… need to do !
Try To identify
healthy leisure
activities