Transcript Drug Abuse

Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse
Effects &
Symptoms
Short and Long Term Effects
& Withdrawal Symptoms
What is a 'Drug' ?
A pharmaceutical preparation or a
naturally occurring substance used
primarily to bring about any
change in the existing process or
state (physiological, psychological or
biochemical ) is called a ‘drug’.
USE vs. ABUSE
USE: Intake of drugs to : Treat an Illness
 Prevent a Disease
 Improve Health Condition
ABUSE: Intake of drugs, for reasons
other than medical, in such a manner
that the drugs affects the physical or
mental functioning of the person.
Drugs
Kill !
Stay away from
them !
Classification of Addictive Drugs
 Narcotic Analgesics
 Cannabis
 Stimulants
 Depressants
 Hallucinogens
 Volatile Solvents
 Other Drugs of Abuse
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
Pain Killing orRelieving drugs with the Opium like effects.
Natural
Sources
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Semi
Synthetic
Heroin
(Brown Sugar)
Synthetic
Buprenorphine
(tidigesic)
Methadone
Pentazocine
Modes of Intake
Codeine
Oral (tablets & cough syrups)
Heroin
Injection, Inhalation, Chasing
Opium
Oral, Inhalation
Morphine
Injection
Buprenorphine
Oral, Injection
LONG - TERM EFFECTS
 Mood Instability
 Reduced Libido
 Constipation
 Respiratory Impairments
 Physical Deterioration
In female abusers, menstrual
irregularity and fetal addiction /
abnormality.
 Infections like serum hepatitis
and HIV can occur among IV users.

WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
Tolerance and Psychological
Dependence Develop
 Feeling Of Unpleasantness
 Severe Pain
 Diarrhea
 Dilation of Pupils
 Insomnia
 Hallucinations
STIMULANTS
Drugs which Excite or Speed up the
Central Nervous System :
 Amphetamines

Cocaine
DEPRESSANTS
Drugs which Depress or Slow Down
the Functions of the Central Nervous
System :
Sedative - Hypnotics
o Barbiturates
o Benzodiazepines
 Alcohol

DEPRESSANTS : Long Term Effect
Long-term Effects of Depressants:
 Depression
 Chronic Fatigue
 Respiratory Impairments
 Impaired Sexual Function
 Decreased Attention Span
 Poor Memory and Judgement
 Chronic Sleep Problems
HALLUCINOGENS
Hallucinogens are drugs which affect
Perception, Emotions and Mental
Processes.
 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
 Phencyclidine (PCP)
 Mescaline
 Psilocybin
CANNABIS
Cannabis includes :
 Ganja / Marijuana
 Hashish / Charas
 Hashish Oil
 Bhang.
The most common mode
of intake is Smoking .
CANNABIS : Long-term Effects
Decreased Cognitive Ability
Amotivational Syndrome
Respiratory Problems
Sterility/Impotence
Psychosis
In women abusers,
Fetal damage
can occur
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
Tolerance and Psychological
Dependence Develop
 Sleep Disturbances
 Loss of Appetite, Irritability
 Depression or psychotic
symptoms may
become prominent
 Tremors
OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE
 Muscle Relaxants
 Analgesics
 Anti-Histamines
 Anti-Emetics
 Anti-Depressants / Anti-Psychotics
EFFECTS
A few examples of
possible effects of Drugs !
DAMAGE DUE TO ADDICTION
Physical
Deterioration
Psychiatric Problems
Safety Risks (Accidents and highly
Risky Behaviour)
Intellectual Impairment
Personality Deterioration
Legal Risks
Drug Addiction
 Tolerance
 Psychological
Dependence
 Physical Dependence
 Withdrawal Symptoms
Impact on
Family
How the drugs impact or affect the family ?
Featuring a discussion on
The Altered Family Dynamics
Happy Family Portrait by – Rani
ALTERED FAMILY DYNAMICS
 Suffers
as financial
resources are diverted
for alcohol / drugs
 Loses self esteem due
to growing criticism
and provocations
 Isolates from external
contacts to protect
itself from further
embarrassment
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Enabling Behaviour
In their attempts to eliminate the
problem, the family unknowingly
enables the addict to continue with his
inappropriate behaviour.
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Enabling Behaviour : few examples
 Justifying
addict’s use
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of drugs / alcohol.
 Calling the employer and
making excuses on addict’s
behalf to explain his
irresponsible behaviour.
 Paying Debts Incurred
by the addict.
CO-DEPENDENCY TRAITS
 Loss
of Daily Structure
 Lack of Personal Care
 Indifference to Health
Problems
 Loss of Priorities
in Life
... co-dependency traits
 Inability
to Maintain Interpersonal
Relationships
 Inability to Set and Maintain Limits
 Inability to Make Decisions
 Defensiveness
Feelings Experienced by the Family
Repeated problems and failures lead to :
 Shame and Loneliness
 Hopelessness
 Fear
 Hurt
 Grief
 Anger
 Guilt
Impact on
Children
How the parent’s addiction
affects the children ?
IMPACT ON CHILDREN
a)
b)
c)
Problems Faced by Children
The Self-imposed Commands
(the Self-protection Roles)
Guidelines to Parents
(a) Problems Faced by Children
 Lack
of Care and Warmth
 Lack of a Role Model
 Loss of Self - Esteem
 Difficulty with Intimate
Relationships
 Living in Constant Fear
and Anxiety
(b) The Self-imposed Commands
Three Painful, Self - Imposed Commands
ADJUSTING CHILD ... the lost child
Very
Timid
Indulges in Solitary Activities
‘Invisible’ and Withdrawn
Gets Sick too often
(stress related illnesses)
PLACATING CHILD ... the mascot
Provides
Humour / Fun to Reduce
Tension in the Family
Fear of Not Belonging
Fear of Breaking Down
Has Not Learnt :to take Care of
his Emotions
 to express his Needs

REBELLIOUS CHILD ... the scapegoat
Defiant
Acts
Out
Low Achiever
Throws ‘Tantrums’
(c) What Parents can do for the Child
 Bitter are the Tears of your child
Soothen them.
 Ruffled are the Thoughts of your child
Quieten them.
 Heavy is the Grief of your child
Lighten it.
 Soft is the Heart of your child
Embrace it.
Identifying the Child of an Addict
Poor
attendance without any valid
reason
Drop in school grades
Pre-occupation
in class, sleepy
unable to concentrate
Friendlessness and isolation or being
withdrawn
… identifying the child of an addict
Sudden
temper and other emotional
outbursts
Extreme
fear about situations
involving contact with parents
Presence of bruises quite often on the
child’s body
Agitation, rebelliousness
… identifying the child of an addict
Inability
to pay school fees on time
despite father holding a job
Unable to comply with school
regulations such as bringing in
permission slips, materials for project
Nobody present during the parent–
teacher meeting
DO’s &
DONT’s
What the family members should :Avoid Doing !
Need to Do !
Avoid Doing This !
Hiding
or throwing away alcohol / drugs.
Arguing when he is under the influence.
Asking reasons for alcohol / drug use.
Lecturing or making Emotional Appeals.
(Sticks) - Punishing, Threatening
(Carrots) - Bribing
In the long run, none
of these methods work.
What Family Need to Do !
To accept that
addiction is a
serious
problem
which
requires
professional help
 To calmly discuss
addiction
and
related problems
openly

… need to do !
To stop protecting
by covering up the
consequences of
drug / alcohol use.
 Don’t feel or give
the impression that
the addict is doing
a favour by not
‘using’

… need to do !

Start communicating
openly to the other
family members about
their concerns

To plan one day at a
time and start
executing them
… need to do !
Let him start
looking after their
own needs and the
needs of other
family members
 Let him understand
that he is not alone
and that all our help
is available

… need to do !

Try To identify
healthy leisure
activities