Transcript 香港高校圖書館 資源共享概述

香港高校圖書館
資源共享概述
香港城市大學圖書館長
潘華棟博士
Slide 1
大綱
1. 為甚麼要合作
2. 合作現況
3. 合作趨勢
Slide 2
為甚麼要合作？
1. Economic Pressures


price for publication (especially
serials) escalated
library budget declined constantly
Slide 3
Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries, 1986-1999
Serial Unit Cost (+207%)
200
Serial Expenditures (+170%)
% Change Since 1986
150
100
Monograph Unit Cost (+65%)
50
Monographs Expenditures
(+34%)
0
Serials Purchased (-6%)
Monographs Purchased (-26%)
-50
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
Fiscal Year
1996
1998
Slide 4
Source: ARL Statistics 1998-99, Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C.
為甚麼要合作？
2. Increasing use of Information Technology



enhances library effectiveness and services
expensive: a drain on reducing budget
provides technical capabilities for cooperation
Slide 5
為甚麼要合作？
3. Demands from Users


sophisticated user demand
new management concepts and techniques
Slide 6
合作現況
Slide 7
Joint University Libraries Advisory
Committee (JULAC)
香港高校圖書館咨詢委員會
An alliance of all libraries funded by the
University Grants Committee (UGC) in Hong Kong,
comprising the chief librarians.
Slide 8
香港高校圖書館咨詢委員會 (JULAC)
工作概覽
•
HARNET 香港學術及研究網絡
•
JULAC Library Cards 通用圖書証
•
Reader's Ticket 讀者證
•
JULAC Book Return Service 圖書館互相還書服務
•
Interlibrary loans 館際互借
•
Collaborative Collection Development 協作式館藏建設
•
•
Shared cataloguing 編目共享
And more ……
Slide 9
Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork
(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡
Joint Universities Computer Centre (JUCC)
Slide 10
Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork
(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡
 香港大學
 香港中文大學
 香港科技大學
 香港城市大學
 香港理工大學
 香港浸會大學
 嶺南大學
 香港教育學院
 大學之間的網絡骨幹
 虛擬的聯合目錄
Slide 11
Hongkong Academic and Research NETwork
(HARNET) 香港學術及研究網絡


目前, 八所大學都是用
相同的圖書館系統 INNOPAC
館際之間的合作更容
易和更方便
Slide 12
JULAC Library Card
通用圖書証
0111145
Staff no. _______________
JULAC LIBRARY CARD
Chai Tai Ming
Name ___________________________
陳大明
Name in Chinese _______________
Institution
City University of Hong Kong
________________________________
Signature ________________________
Valid until _______________________
May 2001
 教學及相等職級行政人員
 研究員
 研究生
BAR CODES
HKBU
HKU
XX22200111
S001234
PolyU
X 111222333
Slide 13
Reader's Ticket
讀者證
香港城市大學
City University
of Hong Kong
LIBRARY
Reader’s Ticket
No 211123
Name Chan Siu Fan
HKID No
 最後一年之本科生
 為期三個月
XXXXX
Valid Until Sept., 2000
Approved by
(Librarian)
Slide 14
JULAC Book Return Service
圖書館互相還書服務
 服務對象 : 所有持有通用圖書証
(JULAC Library Card) 的人士
 服務模式 : 代還讀者自行於各大學
圖書館借閱的書籍,目的是減省教職人
員及研究員生親自走訪其他大學圖書
館的時間
Slide 15
Interlibrary Loans (ILL)
館際互借
書本互借
文章複印
 教學及相等職級行政人員
 研究員
 研究生
 最後一年之本科生
(只限於文章复印)
Slide 16
Interlibrary Loans (ILL)
館際互借
文件傳送
由速遞公司負責於每個工作天(星期一至五)
運送八所大學之間的館際互借書本及文件
 快捷: 兩個工作天
 準確: 專人送件,避
免郵件誤投
Slide 17
Interlibrary Loans (ILL)
館際互借
其他傳送方法


圖文傳真： 傳送急需的文章複印本
Ariel: 以電子形式傳送文章複印本
圖文傳真
Ariel
Slide 18
Interlibrary Loans (ILL)
館際互借
Ariel
 由美國的研究圖書館協會 (RLG - Research
Libraries Group) 所建設的文件傳送軟件
 把文件素描成電子檔案, 就可利用 Ariel
傳送到其他也裝備有 Ariel 的海外圖書館
 http://www.rlg.org/ariel/index.html
Slide 19
Slide 20
Collaborative Collection Development
協作式館藏建設
珠江三角洲特藏書庫
Pearl River Delta Collection Project Management Committee
珠江三角洲特藏書庫項目管理委員會
Slide 21
Collaborative Collection Development
協作式館藏建設
珠江三角洲特藏書庫
香港城市大學及嶺南大學共同
努力的成果
Slide 22
Collaborative Collection Development
協作式館藏建設
Collaborative Collection Development
Steering Committee (CCDSC)
協作式館藏建設督導委員會
Slide 23
Collaborative Collection Development
Steering Committee (CCDSC)
協作式館藏建設督導委員會
委員會架構
 Two co-chairs (JULAC Members)
 Representatives from other six
UGC-funded libraries
Slide 24
Collaborative Collection Development
Steering Committee (CCDSC)
協作式館藏建設督導委員會
May 99
It was set up at a special JULAC
meeting to continue and expand the
collaborative efforts of the JULAC known as CCDTF.
Dec 99
CCDTF was disbanded and taken over
by the CCDSC to continue to serve
the JULAC in collaborative collection
development.
Slide 25
Collaborative Collection Development
Steering Committee (CCDSC)
協作式館藏建設督導委員會
*工作進程*
June 99 A survey among all participating
libraries was conducted and a list
of electronic resources which were
most wanted to be subscribed via
consortial efforts was compiled.
Slide 26
*工作進程*
53 Titles were identified
Most Wanted Titles :
LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe
ProQuest 5000 / ABI/INFORM Global
Web of Science
OCLC FirstSearch
China Journal Net
Slide 27
*工作進程*
June 99 'General Guidelines for License Negotiation'
was compiled and will be continuously refined.
Major Issue s
• Technical
Support
•Renewal
•Definition of
authorized
users
•Termination
•Noninfringement
• Pricing
Management
• Training
•Authorized
use of
information
Slide 28
協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)
以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目
電子資源項目
訂購 / 續訂日期
LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe
1999 年 10 月 (2000 年 9 月續訂)
ProQuest 5000 Databases
Web of Science
OCLC FirstSearch
2000 年 1 月 (2001 年 1 月續訂)
2000 年 1 月
2000 年 3 月
Oxford University Press Online Journals
2000 年 5 月 (2001 年 1 月續訂)
Oxford English Dictionary Online
2000 年 9 月
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
2000 年 12 月
(Environmental Sciences Pollution Management Database)
ProQuest Digital Dissertations
2001 年 1 月
BIOSIS Previews
2000 年 1 月
Slide 29
協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)
計劃以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目
電子資源項目
進展狀態
Social Sciences Collection
協商接近完成
PsycINFO
WiseNews
MCB Emerald e-journals
協商接近完成
協商接近完成
協商接近完成
China Journal Net (CJN) 中國期刊網 已向大學教育資助委員會申請經費
Slide 30
協作式館藏建設督導委員會 (CCDSC)
計劃以圖書館同盟方式採構的電子資源項目
電子資源項目
進展狀態
Blackwell Science e-journals
協商在進行中
Kluwer Academic Press e-journals
IEEE Xplore
SciFinder
協商在進行中
協商在進行中
協商在進行中
ScienceDirect e-journals
協商在進行中
Ei Compendex
協商在進行中
INSPEC
協商在進行中
EBSCO Databases
協商在進行中
netLibrary e-books
協商在進行中
Slide 31
末來計劃
 Joining International Coalition of Library
Consortia (ICOLC) (with about 150 library
consortia from around the world).
 Linking up with overseas consortia, e.g.,
NELINET (with more than 600 member
libraries).
 Organizing seminars and training courses.
Slide 32
Seminar
專題研討會
“the whole is greater than the sum of its part”
…. JULAC fosters collaboration and synergy among libraries ….
主題： Electronic Resources – Consortial Initiatives
日期： 2001年 5月11日 (星期五)
地點： 香港城市大學
Slide 33
Shared Cataloguing of Chinese Language Materials Project
中文資料編目共享項目
Mid-95 Task Force on Cataloguing of Chinese
Materials, comprising representatives
from all UGC libraries, was formed on
JULAC's recommendation to study the
feasibility of establishing a system of
cooperative cataloguing.
Slide 34
Shared Cataloguing of Chinese Language Materials Project
中文資料編目共享項目
目標 :
(1) To establish a resource database of CN-MARC
(China), C-MARC (Taiwan), LC CJK MARC, and a
mechanism for sharing cataloguing data of Chinese
language materials among UGC member libraries.
C-MARC
Resource
Database
Slide 35
目標 :
(2) To provide the most effective use of cataloguing
efforts of participating libraries, particularly
original cataloguing, and to provide a mechanism
which allows ease of transfer of records thus
minimizing duplication of cataloguing work
among member institutions.
(3) To further enhance existing
interlibrary loans and
resources sharing.
Slide 36
Task Force on Co-operative Cataloguing of
Chinese Language Materials
中文資料編目合作專責小組
Nov 95
Feb 96
Oct 96
Proposed to create a resource database
comprising records from C-MARC, CNMARC, LC CJK MARC and to allow
each participating library to search this
resource database with Z39.50
client/server software.
The proposal was approved and supported
by UGC.
Contract was signed with software vendor
(III).
Slide 37
Task Force on Co-operative Cataloguing of
Chinese Language Materials
中文資料編目合作專責小組
Nov 96
Hardware and operating system of the
Project were installed to house the central
resource database.
May 97
Testpac for the Project was completed.
May 99
The Project started to be implemented.
Slide 38
Hong Kong Chinese Authority
(Name) Database
中文名稱規範合作-香港的提議
HKCAN
Slide 39
美國國會圖書館名稱規范數據庫
Library of Congress Name Authority (LCNA)
香港圖書館多採用 USMARC
中文資料用 Wade-Giles 拼音著錄
LCNA包涵約 300萬條名稱規範記錄
所有記錄皆以拉丁字母著錄
Slide 40
缺乏漢字
Shi shi shi shi shi shi, shi shi, shi shi shi shi ° Shi
shi shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi °
Shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi shi shi, shi shi
shi, shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi shi shi shi shi, shi
shi shi ° Shi shi shi, shi shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi
shi, shi shi shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi, shi shi shi
shi shi shi shi shi shi shi shi ° Shi shi shi shi °
Slide 41
漢字原文
Slide 42
中英並重




香港是個雙語社會
很多作者，以中、
英雙語寫作
也有刊物，以中、
英雙語出版
以兩筆規範記錄作「參見」，費工費時
Slide 43
標目缺乏唯一性
Li, Ch'i
Slide 44
混合式標目
Original Chinese
中文名稱
Names
LCNA Headings
LCNA 記錄
China. Chung-kuo jen min chieh fang chün
Tzu-hsi, Empress dowager of China
T'ang T'ai-tsung, Emperor of China
Slide 45
本地雙語作家
Original
Chi. Names
中文名稱
LC Headings
Wang, Yü-chien
Forms appear most frequently
著作 / 資料中常見的名稱
in publications
/ Wong Yue Chim
Chou, Yung-hsin
/ Nelson W.S. Chow
LC 的標目
Liu, Chao-chia
/ Lau Siu Kai
Sinn, Elizabeth
/ Elizabeth Sinn
Slide 46
各施各法!

若仍依賴 LCNA 提供中文規範記
錄，似乎是反客為主

中文資料缺乏外包公司提供服務，
規範工作遂由各館自行建立
Slide 47
香港圖書館的規範標目
 各圖書館自行決定規範形式，大家都是
「權威」，影響並不嚴重
 但在網絡環境下，標目的差異，增加跨館
書目檢索的漏檢率和誤檢率
Slide 48
在Z39.50，用
檢索，結果如下：
INNOPAC Z39.50 SEARCHING
01 > LNU………………………
02 > CityU………………………
03 > CUHK……………………..
04 > HKBU……………………..
05 > HKIEd……………………..
06 > HKU……………………….
07 > HKUST……………………
08 > PolyU………………………
FOUND
21
11
229
127
13
300
12
7
720
Slide 49
在Z39.50，用
檢索，結果如下：
INNOPAC Z39.50 SEARCHING
01 > LNU………………………
02 > CityU………………………
03 > CUHK……………………..
04 > HKBU……………………..
05 > HKIEd……………………..
06 > HKU……………………….
07 > HKUST……………………
08 > PolyU………………………
FOUND
0
5
134
5
133
1
8
0
286
Slide 50
各館標目的差異，
阻礙跨館檢索及
聯合編目的進行
Slide 51
Hong Kong Chinese Authority (Name)
Workgroup
Slide 52
Hong Kong Chinese Authority
(Name) Database
HKCAN
Slide 53
多
快
(More)
(Faster)
好
省
(Better)
(Cheaper)
Slide 54
目標
多：增加規範資料來源 (More)
快：加速建立中文規範記錄 (Faster)
好：在跨館檢索中,使標目達到一致化 (Better)
省：通過合作,節省各自建庫的成本 (Cheaper)
Slide 55
規範工作展望
1.與書目數據庫線上連接
Slide 56
規範工作展望
2.自動產生規範記錄
書目記錄
100 1 李瑞騰
245 10 文學的出路 /$c 李瑞騰著
260
臺北市 :$b 九歌出版社,$c1994
規範記錄
100 1 $a 李瑞騰
670 $a 文學的出路, 1994 $bt.p. (李瑞騰著)
Slide 57
規範記錄的未來
•多語言、多文字、多用途
•可在Web介面上運作
Slide 58
進一步的館際合作
 大陸、台灣正生產、整編規範記錄供各圖
書館使用
 LCNA (Library of Congress Name Authority)：
成功在於合作精神
 NACO (Name Authority Cooperative)：200所
圖書館合作
 共建類似 LCNA 般具影響力的數據庫，有
賴兩岸三地的通力合作
Slide 59
合作趨勢
Slide 60
 香港各大學圖書館之間的合
作層面仍然未夠廣泛和深入
 中央性的運作(Central functions)
可以更整合(integrated) 和
更連結 (linked)
Slide 61
合作趨勢
“….. a much more highly integrated
operation where key central functions
of the co-operating libraries are
linked ….” (David Kohl, 1997)
Slide 62
合作趨勢
will become part of a
Slide 63
Superlibrary Information Mosaic
• ILLINET Online
– Illinois Library Computer Systems Organization (ILCSO):
a consortium of 45 Illinois libraries
• MELVYL
– University of California System
• OhioLINK
– A consortium of 79 member libraries which include Ohio's
college and university libraries and the State Library of Ohio
Slide 64
OhioLINK
•
an integrated central catalogue as the platform
for all sorts of consortium-wide operations:
–
–
–
–
•
cataloguing
circulation
collection development
document delivery
operating on INNOPAC library system
Slide 65
OhioLINK
A model for academic libraries?
•
•
all university libraries in Hong Kong are
using the INNOPAC system
possible to form a technically and
functionally integrated consortium
Slide 66
1.
A Consortium-wide User-initiated
Circulation System
• User-initiated (讀者主導)
circulation functionality
• “Circulation” : not a local
function but a consortiumwide function
• Policy issues have to be
straightened out
LC
HKUST
CityU
讀者主導
合作趨勢
Slide 67
2. A Consortium-wide Central
Catalogue
• Z39.50 software
•
• a virtual union catalogue only
• reliability still under question
Union Catalogue
• a consortium-wide central
catalogue
• facilitates consortial circulation
and cataloguing
合作趨勢
Slide 68
3. A Consortium-wide Document
Delivery System
• Individual in-house ILL automation systems:
• not integrated
• involve a lot of tedious procedures
• A consortium-wide ILL System:
• automatic transmission of requests to counterparts
electronically within the same system
• on-line enquiries about status of requests submitted
• central records of all ILL transactions and statistics
合作趨勢
Slide 69
4. Consortium-wide Collection
Development
Advantages :
•
•
better position • to secure government funding
• to bargain for better contract terms
a consortium set up to save hardware and
maintenance cost
合作趨勢
Slide 70
UP TO NOW
(Request)
End
Users
Home
Library
(as intermediary)
(Delivery)
(Request)
Outside
Agents
(Delivery)
Slide 71
FUTURE
(Request)
End
Users
Home
Library
(as intermediary)
Outside
Agents
(Delivery)
Advantages:
• speeds up the process
• saves staff cost
Slide 72
Library Co-operation
Better, faster, easier access to more
Slide 73
謝 謝
Slide 74