Transcript Cardiac - NANN Index - NANN | National Association of
Foundations of Neonatal Care
Cardiac
Objectives
Describe the anatomic and physiologic transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.
List the diagnostic tests to be ordered for an infant with a cardiac condition.
Describe three clinical presentations of cardiac conditions.
Explain the nursing care required for an infant with a cardiac condition.
Describe post – cardiac surgery nursing care.
Identify nursing considerations for the administration of common cardiac medications.
Physiology
Cardiac tube
develops; primitive heart structures form
Atria l and ventricular septa
form; endocardial cushions form the atrioventricular valves
Great vessels
including aorta and branches, septum, and semilunar valves form
4 weeks Weeks gestation 8 weeks
Corrected transposition,
dextrocardia
Ventricular septal defect,
atrial septal defect; endocardial cushion defect; stenosis, atresia, absence, or deformation of the tricuspid and mitral valves
Truncus arteriosus,
tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary/aorta valve atresia or stenosis, transposition of great vessels
Embryology of Cardiac Conditions
Fetal Circulation
Reprinted with permission of greystone.net.
Neonatal Circulation
Reprinted with permission of greystone.net.
Foundations of Neonatal Care
Nutritional & Metabolic
Objectives
List the normal values for blood pH, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) for interpreting blood gases.
Write the formula for calculating total fluid intake.
Explain the nursing considerations for oral and enteral feeding.
Explain the nursing care for an infant with a fluid or electrolyte imbalance.
Physiology
Electrolyte Physiology
Ca+ Na+ Na+ K+ Mg+ K+ Mg+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Inside cell K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Mg+ Na+ Na+ Ca+ Na+ Na+ Ca+ Outside cell
Acid-Base Balance
Acid-base regulation Chemical buffering Respiratory system Kidneys Acid-base imbalances Acidosis pH <7.35
Alkalosis pH >7.45
Compensation Minimize pH changes
Acid-Base Balance
pH pCO 2 / HCO 3 Acid-base disorder
low high pCO
2
respiratory acidosis high respiratory alkalosis low high low pCO
2
low HCO
3
high HCO
3
metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis
Compensation
high HCO
3
low HCO
3
low pCO
2
high pCO
2