Transcript Slide 1
CHAPTER 5 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin, A. D. (2010). ICOMM: Interpersonal concepts and competencies. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Sound of Silence
Student video about nonverbal communication http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfDWQG47pAQ Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Nonverbal = Non word
Nonverbal signals operate together in
a cluster
, an interactive grouping. http://www.fhsu.edu/~zhrepic/Teaching/GenEduca tion/nonverbcom/nonverbcom_files/image002.jpg
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Congruency
Notice whether the present actions are parallel to or different from past actions.
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What is an example of nonverbal communication you noticed this week?
Describe the nonverbal and what you thought it meant (and why).
What does this expression say to you?
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Activity: 1. How do you know if you are in danger? What nonverbals do you look for?
Wrong eye contact or stare? Lack of blinking? Proximity? Closeness? Hands on hips? Taking up more space? Incongruent verbal nonverbals? Clenched teeth? Flattened lips? Inapropriate touch? Clenched hand? Breathing?
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2. What makes you feel afraid? Listen to your gut instinct?
What do you think of the information on this site?
http://www.lesc.net/blog/firearms-instructor-ialefi official-publication-publishes-article-recognizing-signs-and-signals Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Activity: 1. With a partner or small group--Nonverbal message with voice.
Use numbers to use your voice and other nonverbal communication to express one of the emotions on the next slide. You may be extremely brief (seconds). Are you successful? Why or why not?
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2. Emotions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fear Compassion Anger Happiness Excitement Love Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Activity: 1. With a partner — Can you tell if your partner is lying?
Ask your partner the following questions. Your partner will lie about some of the Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
2. Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Why did you select your major?
What is something your mother (or guardian) often told you?
What is a meal you had recently?
If you could have any job, what would it be?
What is your best friend like?
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3. How did you do?
Many of the nonverbals that suggest lying also can be caused by stress.
Research suggests that people generally can’t tell if another person is lying.
What did you notice about nonverbals?
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THE BASIS FOR NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Innate neurological programs
are automatic nonverbal reactions to stimuli with which you were born. These nonverbal “automatic responses” are
reflexive reactions
caused by neurological need drives Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Reflective reactions
friends, and culture. are the nonverbals you use because you were taught them by your family, You
reflect back
the nonverbal communication of people you observe in your life. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Action Chain
A behavioral sequence of standard steps for reaching a goal.
Euro Americans engaged in business dealings with Arabs, for example, should understand and adhere to that culture’s action chains of hospitality in order to be successful. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORDS AND NONVERBAL CUES
Substituting relationship.
Complementing relationship.
Conflicting relationship. Accenting relationships.
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CONCEPTS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
For
emotional
content, nonverbal communication is more accurate and easy communication than words.
Culture
influences the way people communicate emotions. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
MORE CONCEPTS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Nonverbal communication conveys meaning
naturally
. Nonverbal acts work better than words when you want to
soften
communication.
Nonverbal behaviors indicate how you should
interpret the verbal
messages you receive. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Kinesics
is the use of the body to communicate.
Face
: “The 80 muscles of the face can create more than 7,000 expressions.” Jordan, N. (1986, January). The face of feeling. Psychology Today, p. 8; for an extensive discussion on the face and its effects on human communication, see Knapp & Hall, Chapter 9; for additional reading, see Heisel, M. J., & Mongrain, M. (2004). Facial expressions and ambivalence: Looking for conflict in all the right faces. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28(1), 35-52.
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MORE CLASSIFICATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Pupilometrics
is a theory of nonverbal communication, which suggests that eyes dilate when they are focused on a pleasurable object, and contract when focused on those which are not pleasurable. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
MORE CLASSIFICATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Gestures
include posture, walk, stance, hand movements, body shifts and head nods which can give clues about a person’s status, mood, ethnic and cultural affiliation, and self-perception. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Gestures
Speech-independent gestures
speech. These gestures are referred to as emblems.
are not tied to
Speech-related gestures
accompany, speech.
are directly tied to, or
Adaptors
are movements that accompany boredom, show internal feelings, or regulate a situation (e.g., foot tapping).
Affect displays
are facial gestures that show emotions and feelings such as sadness or happiness. Pouting, winking, and raising or lowering the eyelids and eyebrows are examples of affect displays. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Gestures
Emblems
are nonverbal acts that have a direct verbal translation or dictionary definition, which usually consist of a word or two.
Illustrators
being said. are kinesic acts accompanying speech that are used to aid in the description of what is Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Gestures
Regulators
people. are nonverbal acts that maintain and control the back-and forth nature of speaking and listening between two or more Nods of the head, eye movements, and body shifts are all regulators used to encourage or discourage conversation. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
MORE CLASSIFICATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Touch.
Posture, Walk and Stance.
Artifacts are those things which adorn the body. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Attractiveness.
Height.
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PROXEMICS--SPATIAL COMMUNICATION
Proxemics is
individuals use space to communicate. the study of how Space can include the perception of
territory distance
people stand from each other, the , how many people make a space feel
crowded
, and similar spatial considerations.
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SPACE DISTANCES
Intimate space distance
activities).
covers a space varying from direct physical contact with another person to a distance of eighteen inches (private
Personal space distance
bubble.
, eighteen inches to four feet, is sometimes called the comfort Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
SPACE DISTANCES
Social space distance
covers a four-foot to twelve-foot zone that is used during business transactions and casual social exchanges.
Public space distance
twenty-five. may dictate a separation of as little as twelve feet, but it is usually more than Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Nonverbal Immediacy Scale
http://www.jamescmccroskey.com/ measures/nisf_srni.htm
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Small-Group Environment
Small-group ecology, which includes the
placement of chairs
, the
seating placement
person conducting a meeting, and the
setting
for a small-group encounter, clearly influences the group’s operation. of the Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
PARAVOCALICS--VOCAL COMMUNICATION
Vocal
quality
.
Pause
—stopping, hesitation, length of pause.
Pitch
—highness or lowness of tone, such as soprano or bass.
Rate
--how fast you talk.
Stress
—emphasis or intensity of sounds all have particular meanings.
Volume
--how loudly you talk.
Improvisation Video Sound Effects Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
TIME AS COMMUNICATION
Circular time
to survive. , there is no pressing need to achieve or create newness, or to produce more than is needed
Linear time
, focused primarily with the future. These societies focus on the accurate and technical information needed to fulfill impending demands.
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Technical time
is precise time, as in the way some scientists look at how things happen in milliseconds.
Formal time
is the way in which a culture defines its time, and it plays a daily role in most of our lives. It refers to centuries, years, months, weeks, days, hours, and minutes.
Informal time
use of time such as “soon,” or “right away.” refers to a rather flexible Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
In a
monochronic culture
, like the US, why are some people chronically late?
Chronic lateness is often deeply rooted in a person’s psyche. Need to feel special. Believes he or she is better than other people and doesn't have to play by the rules. Needs for perfectionism, punishment, power, or as an expression of hostility.
To punish yourself.
To control others. To show disdain for others, thus demonstrating your hostility.
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SMELL AS COMMUNICATION
Smell blindness
occurs when a person is unable to detect smells.
Smell adaptation
occurs when we gradually lose the distinctiveness of a particular smell through repeated contact with a specific odor. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
SMELL AS COMMUNICATION
The ability to recall previous situations when encountering a particular smell is
smell memory
.
Smell overload
you.
takes place when an exceptionally large number of odors or one extremely strong odor overpowers The ability to identify people, places, and things on the basis of their smell is
smell discrimination
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AESTHETICS AS COMMUNICATION
Aesthetics is the study of communication of a message or mood through color or music.
How do aesthetics affect the way you feel? This video cannot be played here. Spray paint art Latte Art Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
TASTE AS COMMUNICATION
Taste blindness
taste. is the inability to Some people have extremely sensitive tasting abilities. These individuals are
hypergustoric
.
Taste adaptation
takes place when you become used to a taste to the degree that you can eat a substance and not taste it. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
Application Learning Activities
Discuss with a partner or small group or complete on your own outside class.
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TIME
Discuss or write about time as communication. You may want to view and read the lyrics for Time Pink Floyd . You could investigate how time is used differently in different cultures. Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
NONVERBAL ERRORS
View this video about nonverbal communication. Are there areas with which communication research disagrees? http://studio5.ksl.com/index.php?ni
d=54&sid=6406949 Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.
AESTHETICS
Aesthetics is the study of communication of a message or mood through color or music. Think of examples of aesthetics that positively or negatively affect your communication.
What causes the effects on communication? Share the information with a partner or the class.
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TASTE AS COMMUNICATION
How is a birthday dinner or thanksgiving dinner communication through taste?
Investigate cultural traditions around food and eating.
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END CHAPTER 5 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Berko, R. M., Aitken, J. E., & Wolvin, A. D. (2010). ICOMM: Interpersonal concepts and competencies. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Alexandra Burke - "The Silence" with Lyrics Chapter 5. Copyright Rowman & Littlefield. All rights reserved.