Transcript Age of Reform

Chapter 15
Sections 1-3
Age of Reform
What is reform?
Reform – make changes to improve
something
Social Reform – an organized attempt to
improve what is unjust or imperfect in
society
What is the “Second Great
Awakening”?
Def.  a religious movement that swept the
country in the early 1800s; taught that ppl
could choose to save their souls by their
own actions
People attended revivals (huge outdoor
meeting)
Preachers taught mass amount of ppl while
traveling around and advertising through
pamphlets, newspapers and word of mouth
What is Mental Health Reform?
Mentally ill ppl were chained to beds, beaten
into obedience, locked in small unheated
rooms and sometimes mixed in with
criminals
Dorothea Dix: school teacher who led the
fight for better treatment of the mentally ill
Inspected jails in many states and wrote reports
on the conditions
Some states will create separate buildings for
the mentally ill
Not a lot will be done for several years until
mental illness is understood better
What is Prison Reform?
Most jails held drunks, thieves, murderers
and debtors in one large room
Poor conditions (strict silence, guards beat
prisoners, food was gross, dirty &
unhealthy)
Reformers campaigned for better conditions
in 1830s and 1840s based on the view that
prisoners could be rehabilitated
Eliza Farnham: warden of a women’s
prison in NY state believed in treating
prisoners fairly
Allowed prisoners to talk
Opened a prison library
Established a school inside the prison to
teach prisoners to read and write
What is the Temperance
Movement?
Def.  a campaign against alcohol abuse
Women led this movt
Knew that “demon rum” could lead to wife
beatings, child abuse and breakup of families
Also thought to led to unemployment, ruin
people’s health and promote “ungodly”
behavior
Some groups will urge less drinking and
others will want to end drinking altogether
What is Education Reform?
Few students (mostly wealthy kids)
attended school, teachers were poorly
trained and not paid well
Horace Mann: fought to provide free public
elementary school to every child; also
created colleges to train teachers
Schools for African-AmericansTried to build schools but received less money
than white schools
In north, African-Americans opened schools to
educate their children
Often met with resistance
Schools for ppl w/disabilities –
School is opened for the deaf
School is opened for the blind
What was the fight for Women’s
Rights?
Def.  sought to gain equal rights as men
Had very few rights:
Getting married? All your property
becomes solely your husbands
Work outside of home? All paychecks go
to husband
Husbands have the right to hit his wife as
long as he does not seriously injure her
Sojourner Truth: born into slavery as
Isabella and gained her freedom later
Believed God wanted her to fight slavery
Vowed to sojourn, or travel, across the land
speaking the truth… gets her nickname
Great speaker
Ridiculed, or made fun of, the idea that women
were inferior, or less worthy, than men
Lucretia Mott: Quaker and mother
Quiet speaker but was great at persuasive logic
Used organization skills to put petition drives
together in the North
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: fought for
women’s rights
father was disappointed she was a girl
Married Henry Stanton- took the “obey” out of
their vows
Seneca Falls Convention: an 1848 meeting
at which leaders of the women’s rights movt
called for equal rights for women
200 women and 40 men attend
Approved Declaration of Sentiments, modeled
after Declaration of Independence
Demanded equality for women at work, school
& church
Thought about listing the right to vote but many
were not bold enough to take that step but it
does pass
Women’s Right Movt: organized campaign
for equal rights
Susan B. Anthony: traveled and spoke
about equal rights for women even when
she was heckled and eggs were thrown at
her
Some changes will be made in certain states
but the fight for women’s rights will take
MANY years
What was the Abolitionist
Movement?
Def.  sought to end slavery in the US
Frederick Douglass: African-American
abolitionist
Born into slavery
Ignored Black Codes and learned to read
Escaped to the north
Spoke at an anti-slavery meeting, very
moving
Despite the risk of getting caught, he
continued to speak out against slavery.
Wrote the newspaper “The North Star”
William Lloyd Garrison: white abolitionist
Wrote The Liberator, the most influential
antislavery newspaper
Underground Railroad
A secret passageway, above ground, that
slaves who escaped from the South would
follow to the North (many go to Canada)
Organized by black and white
abolitionists
“conductors” guided runaways to
“stations” where they could spend the
night
Harriet Tubman: escaped slave who
returned to the south 9 more times to help
other slaves escape.
Led more than 300 slaves to freedom.
Slaves owners offered $40,000 reward for
her capture
**Read Page 442 in the textbook as a class.
Recruiting Poster
With a partner, sign up for one the following
reforms. Only one group can sign up for
each reform.
Second Great
Awakening (Religion)
Mental Illness Reform
Prison Reform
Temperance Movement
Education Reform
Abolitionist Movement
Women’s Rights
Create a recruiting poster for your reform
movement.
Recruiting Poster
• On the poster the following information must be included:
– Who was involved? (include leaders and types of people) –
you might consider putting them as the contact people
– What did the reformers do to try to bring about change? (list
past actions) – you might want to say things the reformers
have done in the past
– Why did they think a change was necessary? (list reasons
why they wanted reform) – this is where you will really “sell”
the idea of the reform and why it is necessary
– What was the outcome of their work? (list results of their
work) – this is where you many want to celebrate your
reformers success so people will see you are making a
difference.
• Remember, this is an advertisement, you are trying to encourage
people to support your movement so be creative.
• Also remember that posters that are super wordy are boring.
Make sure that you use both words and images along with a
layout that flows with the information.