Transcript BOATING SKILLS AND SEAMANSHIP

Chapter
5
Your “Highway” Signs
Boating Skills And Seamanship
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
1
Lesson Objectives
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
•
Aids to Navigation (ATONS)
Cautions around ATONS
Meaning of chart symbols
Electronic ATONS
Reference materials – changes in
ATONS
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
2
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• How are ATONS essential for boaters?
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
3
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
•
Help determine a safe course
Help determine where you are
Help navigate to reach destination
Give information
Are shown on chart
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
4
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Short range
(Examples?)
• Long range
(Examples?)
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
5
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Short range
• Buoys
• Daymarks/daybeacons
• Lighthouses
• Long range
• GPS
• Loran - C
• Radar
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
6
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• What other landmarks are helpful to
boaters?
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
7
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Anything visible from the water
•
•
•
•
Towers
Monuments
Bridges
Distinctive land formations
• Appear on chart
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
8
ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• ATONS are protected by law
• Do not:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alter
Destroy
Move
Tie up to
Climb on
Obscure others view
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
9
Buoyage System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• How are ATONS grouped into
systems?
• Location
• Maintenance
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
10
Buoyage System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• There are four Buoyage Systems in US
•
•
•
•
US ATON System
Intracoastal Waterway System
Western Rivers System
Uniform State Waterway Marking System merged
into USATON System in 2003
• Merge = adopted same aton patterns
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
11
US ATON
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Principal system of the U. S.
• All Navigable waterways (empty to sea)
except Western Rivers, & waterways
crossing state boundaries
• One of two international standards. Used
throughout N & S America, Caribbean,
Japan, Korea, & Philippines.
• Remainder of world uses other standard
(colors reversed)
• Maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
12
U.S. ATON System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• What are the six types of ATONS?
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
13
U.S. ATON System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Lateral Marks including Preferred
Channel Marks
• Safe Water Marks
• Isolated Danger Marks
• Range Marks
• Regulatory Marks
• Special Purpose Marks
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
14
Intracoastal Waterway
(ICW)
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• New Jersey to the Florida Keys along
the Gulf of Mexico to Brownsville, TX
• Lateral marks are small reflective yellow squares
and triangles
• Non-lateral marks, e.g. safe water and range
marks, have reflective yellow band.
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
15
Western Rivers
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• The Mississippi River and it’s
tributaries
• Need to study if you plan to boat it.
• Left descending bank; right descending bank
• Downbound has right of way
• Maintained by the U. S. Coast Guard
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
16
Uniform State Waterway
Marking System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Merged with US ATON system by end of
2003. Maintained by individual states
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
17
Uniform State Waterway
Marking System
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Cautions
• “Merge” is to replace the ATONS which looked
similar to US ATONs, but had different meanings.
• US ATON system added information marks, and
a few others, needed by the states
• No affirmative confirmation that process was
completed.
• Need to have good understanding of your
location
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
18
Waterway Marks/Buoys
/Beacons
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Come in various sizes and shapes
• Daymark – signboard only
• Daybeacon – signboard & piling or dolphin
• Buoy floats, has watch circle
• May or may not have lights
• Mark channels, dangers, obstructions
• Provide regulatory information
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
19
Waterway Marks/Buoys
/Beacons
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Characteristics
Reprinted with permission from
The Weekend Navigator by Bob Sweet
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
20
Waterway Daymarks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Daymarks
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
21
Waterway Daymarks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Characteristics:
•
•
•
•
•
Triangles – red and even numbered
Squares – green and odd numbered
Octagons – color varies, may be lettered
Diamonds - color varies, may be lettered
Rectangles – color varies, may be lettered
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
22
Waterway Marks/Day
Beacons
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Daymark on a pile or
Dolphin = daybeacon
R “2”
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
23
Waterway Marks/Buoys
Boating Skills And Seamanship
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
24
Waterway Marks/Buoys
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Floating ATONS
• Various shapes, sizes, & functions
• Maybe lighted
• Shines from dusk to dawn
• May have sound signals
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
25
Waterway Marks
Buoys/Cautions
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
Watch circle
Position Approximate
Light and acoustics may fail
Off station
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
26
Waterway Marks/Diamond
shaped
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Diamond shaped day
marks
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
27
Waterway Marks/Diamond
shaped
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• US ATON System
• No lateral significance
• Marks where you are on a chart
• In Western Rivers System
• Diamond shaped Crossing daymark indicates
where channel changes to other bank
• Crossing daymark has green and white
diamonds
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
28
Waterway
Marks/Regulatory
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Regulatory/Informational Markers
• Description and purpose
• Signs
• Buoys
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
29
Waterway
Marks/Regulatory
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Provides regulatory information
• Slow, No Wake, 5 mph etc.
• Provides hazard information
• Rock, shoals, etc
• Marks restrictive areas
• No boats allowed
• Provides basic information
• For First Aid, Manatee area, etc.
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
30
Waterway Marks/Light
Structures
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Light structures
• Define
• Minor lights
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
31
Waterway Marks/Light
Structures
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Same function as lighted buoys
• Vary greatly in size and shape
• Chart symbols
• Magenta colored exclamation marks with black
dots to mark the location
• Chart description
• Fl G 4s “5”
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
32
Waterway Marks/Special
purpose
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Special purpose
• Describe
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
33
Waterway Marks/Special
purpose
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
Yellow – any shape
Black letters
If lighted Amber (yellow) light
Marks
•
•
•
•
Fishing nets
Anchorage areas
Intakes
Military Exercise areas
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
34
Waterway Marks/Lateral
marks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Green or Red daymarks or buoys
• Characteristics
•
•
•
•
Mark sides of channel
Distinctive color and numbering
Usually placed in pairs
Always begins with 1, 2, etc. each new
waterway
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
35
Waterway Marks/Lateral
marks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Color/Numbers on Lateral Markers
• Red marks have even numbers, nun shape
• Green marks have odd numbers, can shape
• If both a number and letter, then mark was
placed after the original marks were placed
• Red Right Returning
• Always keep the Red marks on the right side of
your vessel when returning from sea.
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
36
Waterway Marks
Lateral Marks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Red, Right, Returning
• Return from sea
• Clockwise around U.S.
• Numbers
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
37
Waterway Marks/Lateral
marks – Buoys
Boating Skills And Seamanship
7
8
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
38
Waterway Marks/Lateral
marks - Daybeacons
Boating Skills And Seamanship
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
39
Waterway Marks/Lateral
mark - Preferred Channel
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Preferred
Channel Mark
• Treat based on
top color band
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
40
Waterway Marks
Preferred Channel
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Found at junctions
• Shows preferred channel
• Sometimes marks wrecks or obstructions
• do not go between mark and shore
• If lighted the color of the light will match
the top color
• Set flashing pattern (2 + 1)
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
41
Waterway Marks/Safe
Water Marks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Safe Water ATONS
• Characteristics
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
42
Waterway Marks/Safe
Water Marks
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Red and White striped
• Spherical buoys
• Floating structures with red ball on top
• Octagonal daymark
• If lighted it will have a white light
• May be lettered
• Flashing pattern always Morse Code A
• 1 short flash followed by 1 long flash
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
43
Waterway Marks/Ranges
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Ranges
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
44
Waterway Marks/Ranges
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
Pair of ATONS forming line of position
Front mark lower, rear mark higher
Directs you to center of channel
At night lights can be used the same
as the marks
• To correct course, steer toward the
lower mark or light
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
45
Waterway Marks/ICW
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• ICW
• Yellow triangles
mark starboard
• Yellow squares
mark port
• Dual purpose
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
46
Waterway Marks/ICW
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Dual Purpose Marks
• Used to mark U.S. ATON and ICW
• Sometimes yellow triangle on square
lateral mark and yellow square on
triangle lateral mark
• If following ICW, use yellow marks
• If following original waterway, follow
(red or green) lateral marks
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
47
ICW Dual Purpose
Mark
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• ICW port side mark
• US ATON starboard
mark
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
48
Waterway Marks/ICW
Boating Skills And Seamanship
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
49
Light Characteristics
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Patterns
• FIXED Light - On continuously from sun down to
sun up
• OCCULTING Light - On more than off
• FLASHING Light - Off more than on
• Flashes less than 50/minute
• QUICK Light - flashes between 50 - 80 times per
minute
• ISOPHASE - equal light and dark periods
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
50
Sound Signals
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Most lighthouses, major lights and
some minor lights have:
•
•
•
•
Fog horns
Gongs
Whistles
Bells
• Warns mariners of danger
• Mark can be identified by sound
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
51
Chart Symbols
Boating Skills And Seamanship
•
•
•
•
•
Helps identify specific ATONS
Color represents color of mark or buoy
Italics indicates buoy or floating mark
Identifies flashing pattern
Magenta exclamation mark indicates a
lighted mark. Black dot is location of
mark
• Magenta is used because it is visible
under red lights (for night vision)
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
52
Chart Symbols
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• CAN - Green Diamond with
small watch circle
• NUN - Red Diamond with
small watch circle
• Watch circle overprinted with
magenta when lighted
• Italics used for buoys and
other floating structures
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
53
Chart Symbols
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Green Daymark - Green
Square
• Red Daymark - Red Triangle
• Roman type letters used for
fixed marks
• Chart will provide flashing
pattern e.g. R “2”FI R 6s
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
54
Light Structures/ Light
Houses
Boating Skills And Seamanship
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
55
Light Structures/ Light
Houses
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Short range ATON
• Marks prominent headlands, harbor
entrances, isolated dangers
• Height and intensity of light is
determined by need
• Chart describes flashing pattern,
height of structure and visibility
• FL W 6s 12ft 3m
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
56
Lights on Bridges
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Fixed
• Draw
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
57
Lights on Bridges
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Bridges marked on charts “Fixed” or “Draw”
• Lights on bridges are not part of buoyage
system
• Drawbridges
• RED Lights - Bridge is closed
• GREEN Lights - Bridge is open
• Green lights mark navigable channel for fixed
bridge - Red lights mark sides of channel
• Preferred channel marked with White lights
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
58
Electronic ATONS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Characteristics
• Loran - C
• GPS
• Radar
• Reminder: don’t rely on a single
navigation system.
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
59
Electronic ATONS/
Loran - C
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Land based AM radio navigation system
• Largely American system
• Static
• Signal deflected by land mass & weather
• Translators now convert TD (time
differential) to Longitude and Latitude
• About 100 foot accuracy
• System upgraded in 2005
• Backup for GPS since not subject to same
reception restrictions
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
60
Electronic ATONS/ GPS
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Satellites provide nearly accurate world
wide positioning
• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
• Uses waypoints to navigate. YOU must
ensure course is safe.
• Chart plotter useful; must update charts
• Consider overlay RADAR on single
monitor
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
61
Electronic ATONS/RADAR
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Only real time electronic check for
navigation hazards
• 2 systems: ship’s head up or north up
• May automatically ID collision course
• Electronic marks to track targets
• If you have RADAR you must use it.
You will want the practice too.
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
62
Navigation Publications
and websites
Boating Skills And Seamanship
• Local Notice to Mariners
• http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/lnm/d11/default.htm
• Chart No. 1
• http://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/chartno1.htm
• Light List
• http://navcen.uscg.gov/pubs/lnm/d11/default.htm
• Coast Pilot
• http://nautical charts/noaa.gov/nsd/coastpilot.htm
Copyright 2007 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.
63