Transcript A field evaluation of driver eye and head movement

A field evaluation of driver eye
and head movement strategies
toward environmental targets
and distracters
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Professor: Liu
Student: Ruby
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Objective
• To evaluate driver visual and perceptual
strategies at left turn intersection.
• This study might indicate:
• The driver failed to looked at one or more targets.
• There are many targets that a main target is never
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found.
The driver noticed a competing distraction rather
than the main target.
Targets are not noticed in time to avoid collision.
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References
• A significantly higher percentage of fatal
accidents occur with motorcycles compared
with automobiles.
• Motorcycles comprise 2.9% of total vehicle
registrations but were involved in 7.9% of
the fatal accidents. (National Safety Council, 1987)
• Automobile driver’s invasion of the
motorcyclist’s right of way was the main
cause of the accidents. (Hancock et al, 1986)
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References
• Time to arrivals of more than 3 seconds are
impossible to evaluate accurately, but these
dynamic targets must be evaluated neither
too soon nor too late. (Schiff and Oldak, 1990)
• The vehicle driver is a continuous process f
spatial-temporal perception, identification
and decision making. (Wulf et al, 1989)
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Methodology
• Scenario development and staging
• There are two intersections were chosen for
comparison, which are busy and quiet.
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The busy intersection need more visual activity,
and driver’s eye could be distracted more often
by not important targets than quiet one.
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Methodology
• Environmental analysis
• There are two parts in the environmental analysis.
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The intersections are photographed and evaluated
for static targets and distracters.
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The evaluation of dynamic distracters.
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busy
The potential targets and distracters in the scene can
be categorized.
Including changing lights, passing cars, pedestrians
and other moving targets or distracters.
quiet
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A list for an environmental target/distracter inventory
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Methodology
• Collection of eye/head information in the field
• Head movement and location gives a indication of
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where the driver is looking.
At this paper, authors direct recoding of eye location by
a high speed head-mounted video camera and an mirror.
 Head movements are measured by recording
movements of the head mirror and matching them
by a roof mounted camera.
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Methodology
• Video editing and data extraction
• Static objects are identified from picture starting,
capture a field of view close to the human eye.
• Dynamic objects are identified from video since
they move in and out of a scene .
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An experiment
• Subject & method
• On experienced driver, was 33 years old man.
• In order to take video more easily, selected driver
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had light blue eyes.
Have to wear the special head mounted vide camera.
To drive 40 left turns between quiet and busy
intersection.
The data analysis was restricted to two driver
activities: approach to each intersection form a preestablished lane and executing a left turn.
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An experiment
• Apparatus
• A Sony model DXC-3000.
• A head camera was a Canon Ci-10 Charge Couple
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Device (CCD) color video camera.
A small Sony color monitor , which used to check
the operation of each camera and the initial
procedures.
The distance between the centre of the mirror and
the driver’s bridge of the nose was 254 mm.
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Results
• –Environmental analysis
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Results
• The quiet intersection has lane occlusion on
the right.
• The busy intersection has many dynamic
and static distracters.
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Results
• Head movements
• The busy intersection has a straight ahead toward
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left (SATL).
The quiet intersection has a left-right-left turning
(LRL).
17/20 LRL were observed (P<0.0013)
All 20 trials from the busy intersection resulted in
the SATL.
An increased frequency of eye movements was
observed during ‘on stage’ at the busy intersection.
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Results
• Eye movement frequencies
• The frequency of eye movements at the busy
intersection was found to be double that for the quiet
intersection (t=3.25,p=0.0042).
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Discussion and conclusions
• The quiet intersection is searched
systematically with a combination of eye and
head movements.
• The busy intersection contains potential for
information overload.
• Giving a relatively stationary head toward left type
with frequent and rapid eye movement activity to
the visual field.
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Discussion and conclusions
• Targets and distracters are identified firstly
by means of quickly eye movements.
• The authors provided an interesting
application will be to evaluate individual
differences between younger and older or
between impaired and unimpaired drivers.
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