Transcript Fashion Marketing - Warren Hills Regional School District

Chapter 6
Textiles and Production
Textiles and Production
Textiles and Fashion
1
Textiles and Production
Chapter Objectives
Discuss the fiber properties that determine
appropriate end use and quality of fabrics.
Identify the main natural fibers.
Identify the main manufactured fibers.
Explain the importance of fabric in fashion.
Discuss how synthetic fibers are produced.
Identify the two primary methods for making
fibers into fabrics.
2
Textiles and Production
Fabrics and Fibers
The basic building blocks
for all fabrics are fibers.
fabrics long pieces of
cloth
fibers thin, hairlike
strands that are the basic
units used to make fabrics
and textile products
Section 6.1
3
Fashion and Fibers
Characteristics of Fibers
Appearance
Strength
Absorbency
Different fibers have specific properties
that affect the characteristics of fabric.
Warmth
Section 6.1
Shrinkage
Price
4
Textiles and Production
Fabrics and Fibers
Yarns are spun from
fibers and are used to
make fabric.
yarns uninterrupted
threads of textile fibers
that are ready to be
turned into fabrics
Fibers are spun into yarn, and the yarn is used to make fabric
Section 6.1
5
Fashion and Fibers
Types of Fibers
Natural
Plant
Animal
Leathers and furs are not fibers,
but they are used in the
apparel industry.
Section 6.1
Manufactured
Synthetic
Cellulosic
Chemical
compounds
derived from
petroleum or
natural gas
Made from
plants
combined with
chemicals
6
Textiles and Production
Natural Fibers
natural fibers textile
Natural fibers are a main
fibers made from plants
product in the fashion
or animals
industry.
Natural Fibers to Know:
Cotton
Linen (Flax)
Wool
Silk
Leather/Suede
Fur
Section 6.1
7
Natural Fibers
*Cotton
Advantages
• Comfortable
• Absorbent
• Washable
• Strong
• Inexpensive
Section 6.1
The most important
textile fiber used by the
fashion industry
Disadvantages
• Shrinks in hot water
• Wrinkles easily
*END USES: Wide range
of apparel: blouses,
dresses, skirts, pants,
underwear, linens
8
Natural Fibers
Linen
Advantages
• Strong
• Comfortable
• Absorbent
• Durable
• Lint-free
Section 6.1
Linen is a fabric made
from the woody stem
of the flax plant.
Disadvantages
• Wrinkles easily
• Can be expensive
• Shrinks
• Holds creases
*END USES: dresses, suits, jackets,
home furnishings, draperies, table
linens,dish towels
Linen originally used for bedding –
that’s where we got the name “linens”
9
Natural Fibers
*Wool
Advantages
• Warm
• Lightweight
• Wrinkle-resistant
• Absorbent
• Comfortable
• Durable
Wool fibers come from the
shaved hair of sheep or lambs.
Also can be from Cashmere or
Angora goat hair fibers.
Disadvantages
• Shrinks with heat and
moisture
• Needs special care,
dry cleaning
• Scratchy on skin
*END USES: sweaters, coats, suits,
jackets, skirts, socks, scarves.
Also: carpets, upholstery and blankets.
Section 6.1
10
Textiles and Production
Natural Fibers
Silkworm cocoons are
used
to make silk fiber, the only
natural-filament fiber.
Section 6.1
filament a very long,
fine, continuous thread
11
Natural Fibers
Silk
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Soft
• Drapes well
• Dyes and prints well
• Very strong
• Lightweight
• Expensive
• Needs special care,
dry cleaning
• Stains with water
END USES: evening gowns,
wedding gowns, lingerie, scarves,
neckties. Also: curtains and
decorative pillows
Section 6.1
12
Natural Fibers
Leather – made from animal skins through a process called
“tanning”. Can be made into “suede” with special equipment.
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Durable
• Scarce
• Comfortable
• Expensive
• Warm
*END USES: Coats, jackets,
shoes, handbags, gloves, belts.
Also: upholstery and decorating
accessories
Section 6.1
13
Natural Fibers
Fur- soft, hairy coat of an animal
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Durable
• Scarce
• Soft
• Expensive
• Flexible
• Warm
END USES:
coats, jackets, hats.
Also: bed throws, rugs.
Section 6.1
*Some consumer groups
advocate discontinuing
the use of fur products,
which has resulted in
the production of faux,
or imitation, fur.
14
Textiles and Production
Manufactured Fibers
Manufactured fibers –
costs less than natural fibers.
Manufactured Fibers to Know:
Rayon
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Spandex
Microfibers
Lyocell
Section 6.1
manufactured fibers
fibers created by a
manufacturing process
of any substance that is
not a fiber
15
Textiles and Production
Manufactured Fibers
 Nylon was invented in 1938 and was the first synthetic
fiber. Nylon is made from petrochemicals.
 Acrylic was originally used for blankets and sweaters
because it resembles wool. Today year-round sweaters
and socks are made with acrylic.
 Polyester was first produced commercially in 1953 and is
the most widely sold synthetic fiber in the world.
Section 6.1
16
Textiles and Production
Manufactured Fibers
 Spandex dramatically changed the swimwear and
foundations (underwear) industry. Spandex can stretch
over 500 percent without breaking. The brand name for
spandex is Lycra®.
 A new trend in fashion is the use of microfiber fabrics.
Fabrics made from microfibers provide gentle drape and
incredible softness.
 Lyocell is the newest of the cellulosic manufactured
fibers. The chemicals used in production are recycled,
and lyocell is biodegradable.
Section 6.1
17
Textiles and Production
Manufactured Fibers
Microfiber technology
produces fibers that weigh
less than 1.0 denier.
denier a unit of
measurement used to
identify the thickness or
diameter of a fiber
Two times finer than silk
Three times finer than cotton
Eight times finer than wool
100 times finer than a
human hair
Section 6.1
18
Textiles and Production
Fiber Trade Associations
The leading natural fiber trade associations
include:
Cotton Incorporated
National Cotton Council
Woolmark Americas, Inc.
Mohair Council of America
Section 6.1
19
Textiles and Production
6.1
1.
What are the four main natural fibers?
Cotton, linen, wool, silk
2.
What are the primary advantages and
disadvantages of leather/suede?
Advantages: durable, comfortable, warm
Disadvantages: scarce, expensive
3.
What are three more recent manufactured
fibers?
Spandex, microfiber, lyocell
Section 6.1
20
Chapter 6
Textiles and Production
Textiles and Production
Making Textiles
21
Textile Processes: Past and Present
 The first modern factories for natural fiber textiles were built
during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century in England.
Eli Whitney invented the
cotton gin in 1793.
In 1801, Joseph Jacquard
invented a loom that
automated the placement of
threads in the weaving
process.
In the early 1800s, the steam
engine powered more than
100,000 looms and 9 million
spindles in Britain.
Today, technological
advances have enabled the
invention of synthetic fibers
and computerized textile
processes.
Section 6.2
22
Textiles and Production
Making Synthetic Fibers
extrusion a synthetic
Most synthetic and
cellulosic manufactured
fibers are created by
extrusion.
A finished fabric is
ready to be used for
manufacturing garments
Section 6.2
textile process in which solid
raw materials are dissolved by
chemicals or melted with heat
to form a thick liquid that is
extruded, or forced out,
through the tiny holes of a
device called a spinneret to
create long fibers
finished fabric fabric that
has gone through all the
necessary finishing processes
and is ready to be used in the
manufacturing of garments
23
Textiles and Production
How Fibers Become
Fabrics:
Weaving and knitting are the two primary methods
for making fibers into fabric.
Section 6.2
24
Textiles and Production
Weaves and Knits
• Weaves are usually
made on a loom, which
interlaces two sets of
yarns at right angles to
each other.
weaves woven fabrics
that are composed of
two sets of yarns with
one set running the
length and the other set
running crosswise
• Large quantities of
fabrics are produced by
industrial looms.
Section 6.2
25
Textiles and Production
Types of Weaves and Knits
Some knits have their yarns
running along the length of
the fabric, while others have
their yarns running across
the width of the fabric.
Section 6.2
knits knitted fabrics
made from only one set
of yarns that runs in the
same direction
Knit fabrics are held
together by looping the
yarns around each
other, which gives
natural flexibility and
stretch.
26
Textiles and Production
Textiles and Fashion
Marketing - Summary
 Yarns and fibers are transformed into fabrics through
the magic of creativity and technology, which play a
major role in the characteristics and final designs of
finished fabrics.
 Textiles, including fibers, yarns, and fabrics as well as
fur and leather are the basic building blocks of all
fashion products that are marketed to consumers.
Section 6.2
27
Textiles and Production
6.1
1.
What are the four main natural fibers?
Cotton, linen, wool, silk
2.
What are the primary advantages and
disadvantages of leather/suede?
Advantages: durable, comfortable, warm
Disadvantages: scarce, expensive
3.
What are three more recent manufactured
fibers?
Spandex, microfiber, lyocell
Section 6.1
28
Textiles and Production
6.2
4. How are synthetic fabrics produced?
Most synthetics are created by the extrusion process.
5. What are the two primary ways of turning
fibers into fabric?
Weaving and knitting
Name an invention that greatly increased
6.
speed of processing of fibers?
Steam engine or loom or computerized processes
Section 6.2
29
Textiles and Production
Checking Concepts
7. Explain the difference
between weaves and knits.
Weaves are woven fabric composed of
2 sets of yarns running lengthwise and
crosswise. Knits are knitted fabrics made
from only 1 set of yarns running in same
direction.
Critical Thinking
8. Explain how and why
natural fiber
associations promote
their industry.
woven
7. Weaves
8.
With theare
development
fabrics
that are
of synthetic
fibers in
the 20th century,
composed
of two
natural
fiber industries
sets
of yarns
with
hadset
to compete
one
running to
the
maintain
length
andmarkets.
the other
Thus,
they formed
set
running
associations to
crosswise. Knits are
provide information to
knitted
fabrics
consumers
andmade
from
only and
one to
set of
business
yarns
thatnatural
runs infibers.
promote
the same direction.
30
Textiles and Production
Chapter Objectives
Discuss the fiber properties that determine
appropriate end use and quality of fabrics.
Identify the main natural fibers.
Identify the main manufactured fibers.
Explain the importance of fabric in fashion.
Discuss how synthetic fibers are produced.
Identify the two primary methods for making
fibers into fabrics.
31