Transcript From Fibers to Fabric:
From Fibers to Fabric: Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric.
Types of Fibers
Natural Fibers • Sources: –Animals –Plants
Protein Fibers
Cellulose Fibers
Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers •Chemical or Protein
Name
•Generic Name Spandex •Trade Name Lycra®
• Acetate • Acrylic • Nylon • Polyester Types •Rayon •Spandex •Triacetate
Yarns
•Fibers overlapped and twisted together
Types
• Spun • Monofilament • Multifilament
Twist • amount varies and increases strength • very low twist - just barely holds together • low twist - fluffy - weak • average twist for short fibers • high twist hard and compact
Texture • given to manufactured fibers • adds bulk, stretch, less static
Types of Texture
Fabric Construction • woven of knit yarns • fibers matted together and glued
Woven Fabrics
Plain Weave
Satin Weave
Twill Weave
Basket Weave
Pile Weave
Knits • Stretches • Returns to Original Shape • Wrinkle Resistant
Warp Knits • vertical rows of loops - tricot jersey - lace - raschel knit
Weft Knit • loops made as yarn added in crosswise direction – double knit – jersey – rib knit – pile knit jersey – velour – purl knit
Non Woven
• no grain • no stretch or give • requires special sewing techniques
Non Wovens
Fabric Finishes
• changes fiber properties to create a better product
Permanent Finish • heat set • improves fabric resistance to wrinkling • stains difficult to remove • no need to iron
Shrinkage Resistant • reduce shrinkage
Soil Release • aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease
Flame Retardant • resists burning
Dyeing • changes color of finished product • can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric stage • printing is done at fabric stage only
Care Labels • Law Required - Fiber Content - Care Instructions - Country of Origin
Care Requirement • washing method • drying method • bleach type • iron temperature