Transcript Pedagogy and Instructional Design Part III: Courseware

The Perfect Storm: Emerging Technology, Enhanced
Pedagogy, Enormous Learner Demand, and Erased Budgets
Dr. Curtis J. Bonk
Professor, Indiana University
President, SurveyShare, Inc.
http://php.indiana.edu/~cjbonk
[email protected]
Four Storms are Approaching!
I. Emerging
Technology
III. Erased Budgets
II. Escalating
Demands
IV. Enhanced
Teaching
Did he say chocolate?
Who wants some
chocolate???
Ok, Million Dollar Question: Which
technology will impact schools the most?
Storm 1. Emerging
Learning Technologies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Assistive Technologies
& Talking Computers
Blogs and Online
Diaries
Digital Portfolios
Electronic Books
Online Communities
and Learning Portals
Intelligent Agents
Online Exams and
Homework
Online Games and
Simulations (Massive
Multiplayer Gaming)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Online Translation Tools
& Language Lrng
Course Management
Systems
Peer-to-Peer
Collaboration
Reusable Content
Objects
Videostreaming, IP
Videoconferencing
Virtual Worlds/Reality
Wearable Computing
Wireless Tech: Tablet
PCs, Handheld Devices
Technologies Expected to Most Impact the Delivery of
Online Learning During the Next Five Years
20
Percent of Respondents
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Digital
Portfolios
Assistive
Tech
Simulations
and Games
Digital
Libraries
Peer-toPeer Collab
Wireless
Tech
Reusable
Content
Objects
1. Computers that Talk to You ($595)
USA Today, June 18, 2003
•
•
•
•
•
•
How is the weather this morning?
What is the score of the Cubs game?
What time is it in Helsinki?
Give me a recipe for chicken.
How did the market do today?
What is 16 degrees in Celsius, in
Fahrenheit?
• Where is Finding Nemo playing?
2. Blogs (diaries, writing)
3. Electronic Books
4. Reusable Learning Objects
• “Learning Objects are small or large
resources that can be used to provide
a learning experience. These assets
can be lessons, video clips, images, or
even people. The Learning Objects
can represent tiny "chunks" of
knowledge, or they can be whole
courses.”
Claude Ostyn, Click2Learn
5. Gaming (Pocket PCs)
Technology Review (June 2004)
6. Virtual Worlds/Virtual Reality
7. Wearable Computing
8. Wireless Technology
Big tech on campus
By Marguerite Reardon, CNET News.com
September 6, 2004
Korea has the broadband!
9. Tablet PCs Finally Taking Off
(Wired News, Sept 28, 2003)
• “And while Promisel said there will be a consumer
market for tablet PCs -- such as college students taking
them to class for note-taking -- what really needs to
happen for the tablet PC to take off is the development
of new software applications for corporate customers.
…predicts that in 2003, a total of 500,000 tablet PCs
will be sold around the globe, which represents about 1
percent of the total portable PC market…But, by 2007,
IDC forecasts that the tablet PC could account for well
over 20 percent of the portable market.”
10. Online Simulations:
National Budget and Biology
11. Collaborative Tools
12. Pedagogical Course
Management Systems?
13. Videostreaming and Videoconferencing
(to take off in next several years …$4.5 billion in 2007
(Sept 23, 2003, Stephanie Olsen, CNet News.com).
• “I quickly found the standard productionbased methods for creating and delivering
engaging e-learning content were not
sufficient…we discovered the Tegrity
WebLearn solution for on-demand and live elearning.”
• “…once they are recorded, the lectures can be
reused in subsequent classes or stored as
reference materials…I now have 100% of my
lectures ready for the next time I teach this
class.” (On Demand Lectures Create an
Effective Distrib Ed Experience, T.H.E.
Journal, Nov, 2003, Stanley D. Lindsey).
Synchronous technologies will
be used more in business.
LMS
Sync
LCMS
Online
Testing/Exam
Video
Streaming
Web Video
conferencing
IM/Chat
Async Discuss
25
20
15
10
5
0
EWhiteboards
Percent of Respondents
E-Learning Technology Most Likely to Dramatically Increase
in Use in Next Few Years
Videostreaming is a Breeze!
14. Open Source Software
Standards for Ed Tech Interoperability
Standards, Nov. 24, 2003
http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content2/20031124150257
http://www.sakaiproject.org/sakaiproject/
15. Wikipedia
16. Computer Grading
(New York Times, May 19, 2004, Latent Semantic Analysis,
Thomas K. Landauer, UC Boulder)
How many have ever felt that they hit
the wall as far as teaching online?
On to Storm 2…
Escalating (Learner) Demands
The Adoption and Use of the Internet in South Korea
Kyung Yong Rhee, Occupational Safety & Health Institute
Wang-Bae Kim; Yonsei University
JCMC 9 (4) July 2004
http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol9/issue4/rhee.html
Figure 2. Trend of rate of Internet use in South
Korea. Source: Ministry of Information and
Communication, South Korea (2003).
• The Peak Group, an educational consulting
firm, estimates that more than 1 million
American high school students are currently
taking Internet courses, up from 571,000
last year and 378,000 the year before.
– More students log on to learn, Boston.com, Peter
Schworm, September 16, 2004.
• 90% of four-year public schools and
more than half of four-year private
schools offer some form of online ed.
– Online schools clicking with students
By Greg Botelho, CNN, Friday, August 13,
2004.
• 41% of K-12 offer some type of online
options in 2004-05; 10 percent higher
than previous year.
– Study reveals trends in ed-tech spending;
Corey Murray, sSchool News, September
30, 2004.
Herald Tribune, Nov 14th, 2003
Students clicking for classes: Florida Virtual School
lets high schoolers take courses on the Internet.
“Students and teachers alike are drawn to the
online classes because of the flexibility they
provide. Anna Coppola taught at Sarasota High
School for about a year before switching to
FVS, and she prefers the virtual classroom..”
“Her students are less afraid to ask questions
online, and, because they don't have any time
constraints, they do well.”
Herald Tribune, Nov 14th, 2003
Students clicking for classes
(from 18,000 classes in 2002 to 28,000 in 2003)
"I was shocked at the quality of work
they do," Coppola said. "A lot of them email me with questions."
“Still, some educators, policy-makers
and researchers are skeptical of what
they see as exaggerated claims about
online learning. And they worry about
what is lost when students do not meet
face to face with their classmates and
teachers.”
Online Learning Hits High Schools
Flexibility, more choices draw students
MSNBC, Jackie Hallifax, October, 2003
• US: 85,000 in virtual schools in 2001-02
• US: Could increase to 272,000 in 20032004
• US: 67 virtual charter schools in 17 states
serve 21,000 students
A New Campus Sign: No Vacancy A rush of
high-school graduates fills many colleges to bursting
Chronicle of Higher Ed, Megan Meline, November 7, 2003
Online Learning: Utah Colleges, universities are
embracing future with Web classes. Stephen
Speckman, Deseret Morning News, Sept 28, 2004
• 60% of all state funded secondary schools
will have high-speed ethernet connections
and 100% of public higher ed.
Degrees, Programs, and Credentials Your Organization will
Offer Online During the Next Few Years
Pecent of Respondents
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Certificates
Recertification
Associate
degrees
Undergraduate
degrees
Master's
degrees (not
MBA)
Exec educ &
MBA
Doctoral
degrees
Other
Indiana Univ (8 campuses): Spring 2004
Students: 90,343 loaded; 76,890 logged in (85%)
Faculty: 7,092 loaded; 5,664 logged in (80%)
Courses: 21,942 loaded; 7366 active (34%)
University-wide Oncourse Growth
90%
80%
73%
70%
65%
Percentage
60%
58%
50%
44%
40%
38%
30%
29%
27%
21%
20%
10%
0%
7%
4%
3%
Spr99
43%
Spr00
Fal00
81%
73%
83%
77%
65%
47%
33%
30%
26%
33%
28%
20%
16%
11%
Fal99
62%
77%
Spr01
Fal01
Spr02
Fal02
Sp03
Semesters
Courses
facultyX2
StudentsX2
Fa03
Sp04
Kelley Direct Head Count (est.)
2002-3
2003-4
2004-5
% change
03-04 to 04-05
Corporate MBA
212
294
323
10
Public MBA
268
312
403
29
0
2
14
600
Corporate MS
26
63
67
6
Public MS
14
20
68
240
0
40
84
104
520
731
959
33
University Partnership
Certificate Programs
TOTAL
Illinois Virtual Campus (Fall 2003 Newsletter);
Ivan Lach, [email protected]
http://www.ivc.illinois.edu/pubs/enrollment/Fall_03.html
• 68 Illinois institutions
(public and private, 2year and 4-year)
• 3,742 course sections
and 50,093 students in
fall 2003
• 125,074 online students
during 2002-2003 year
(54% increase)
• 34,399 for summer ’03
(45% increase)
See also: http://www.ivc.illinois.edu/ (Oakley, 2003)
http://www.ivc.illinois.edu/pubs/enrollment/Fall_03.html
University of Illinois at Springfield
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Spring
Summer
Fall
1998

1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
http://www.online.uillinois.edu/oakley/presentations/IOC_
20Feb04.ppt (Burks Oakley, March 18, 2004)
Penetration of online learning
http://www.online.uillinois.edu/oakley/presentations/IOC_2
0Feb04.ppt (Burks Oakley, March 18, 2004)
• In the Spring 2004 semester at UIS
– 31% in at least 1 OL class (about 1 in 3)
– 17% enrolled in OL exclusively
– 18% credits are generated by OL (40%
growth from 2003)
– 47% of 2003 grads took at least 1 OL course
– 50% of faculty taught at least 1 OL course.
– Retention rate ranges from .93-.96 percent.
SUNY Learning Network
(Peter Shea; Director: SUNY Learning Network, May 24, 2004,
[email protected])
Percent of Respondents
Online Learning Course Quality Compared to
Traditional Instruction
70
60
50
2003
40
2006
30
2013
20
10
0
Inferior Course
Quality
Same Course
Quality
Superior Course
Quality
Student Outcomes in Online Learning Compared to
Traditional Instruction.
Percent of Respondents
60
50
40
2003
30
2006
2013
20
10
0
Inferior Student
Outcomes
Same Student
Outcomes
Superior Student
Outcomes
We’re in the Midst of Storm 3:
Erased Budgets
eSchool News, January 1, 2004
Average Budget Slashed from $13.9 to $10.4
eSchool News, Jan. 1, 2004
Deborah Sutton, technology director for
the Missouri Department of Education,
noted that ed-tech funding from her
state's legislature has quickly declined to
nothing. Schools in Missouri have
received $15 million per year for
educational technology since 1994. In
2002, funding was cut in half to $7.8
million. In 2003, it was zero.
Chronicle of Higher Education
August, 2004
“Hasta la vista, baby!”
With this Enrollment, a Toy Surprise
(Chronicle of Higher Ed, September 17,
2004, A29; Duke gets iPod; MBA students at
Maryland get Blackberrys)
Students Returning to Campus with
High Tech War Chest
Syllabus Magazine, August 24, 2004
90% own computer (65% broadband connect)
86% a calculator
84% a television
77% a cell phone
77% a printer
74% a DVD player
70% play games with phone
62% own a stereo
62% of 18 to 24 yr old text message with phone
55% own a gaming system.
41% with cell phones access Internet
On to Storm 4: Enhanced
Teaching
(a swirling storm)
Skills Needed to Teach Online in 2010
70
Percent of Respondents
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Course
Developer
Facilitator or
Moderator
Instructor or
Lecturer
Program
Coord or
Developer
Student
Counselor or
Advisor
Subject
Matter Expert
Technology
Trainer
Other
Instructional
Approaches
that
Respondents
Considered
Instructional
Approaches
that
Selected
by Respondents
as Less
Among
the Four Strategies
Likley toMore
Become
More
Widely Used
Likley to Become
Widely
Used
90
80
Percent of Respondents
Precent of Respondents
100
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Exploration
0
or discovery
Guided
learning
Coaching or
m entoring
Socratic questioning
Studentgenerated
content
Sim ulations
or role play
Case-based
strategies
Modeling of the
solution process
Discussion
Problem based
learning
Group
problem
solving and
collaborative
tasks
Lecturing or teacherdirected activities
Master Online Teacher
• ION offers the “Master Online Teacher”
certificate based on the MVCR courses
(99 completed as of 5/23/04)
• 4 core courses, 1 elective course, plus a
supervised practicum
1. Online Performance
2. Real World: Internships and
Field Experience Job Interviews
Field Definition Activity: Have students
interview
(via e-mail, if necessary) someone
working in the field of study and share their results
• As a class, pool interview results and develop a group
description of what it means to be a professional in the
field
3. Adventure Learning: Reality
Teaching and Learning
(Andrew Revkin, New York Times, May 25, 2003)
Virtual Surgery
4. Tension: Role Play
Assume Persona of Scholar
– Enroll famous people in your course
– Students assume voice of that person for one
or more sessions
– Post a 300-700 word debate to one or more
of the readings as if you were that person.
Enter debate topic or Respond to debate
topic
– Respond to reading reflections of others or
react to own
5. Real-time Cases
6. Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
(George Lucas Ed Foundation: Edutopia)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Asks a guiding question or poses a problem that each
student can answer (e.g., What do nocturnal animals do
while we’re sleeping?)
Involves in concrete, hands-on experiences—filed trips,
experiments, posters, presentations
Asks students to investigate issues & topics addressing
real-world problems (in-depth)
Fosters abstract, intellectual tasks to explore complex
issues (e.g., make judgments, interpret, synthesis, etc.)
7. Just-In-Time-Teaching
Gregor Novak, IUPUI Physics Professor
(teaches teamwork, collaboration,
and effective communication):
1. Lectures are built around student
answers to short quizzes that have
an electronic due date just hours
before class.
2. Instructor reads and summarizes
responses before class and weaves
them into discussion and changes
the lecture as appropriate.
8. Goal Driven and Product
Based: A. Video Papers
Recap of the Perfect E-Storm….
1. Emerging Technology
2. Escalating (Learner) Demands
3. Erased Budgets
4. Enhanced Teaching
So, which direction will you go?
Any questions, comments, or concerns?