Transcript Emergency Response Planning

EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
PLANNING
Why Have A Plan?
• Planning can make a difference in mitigating against the
effects of a disaster, including saving lives and
protecting property, and helping a business recover
more quickly from a disaster.
• Up to 40% of businesses affected by a natural or humancaused disaster never reopen.
• Larger businesses are asking their suppliers about
preparedness. They want to be sure that their supply
chain is not interrupted.
• Insurance is only a partial solution. It does not cover all
losses and it will not replace customers.
• Many disasters — natural or human-caused — may
overwhelm the resources of even the largest public
agencies. Or they may not be able to reach every
facility in time.
In developing an all
hazards preparedness
plan, potential
hazards/threats should be
identified, vulnerabilities
assessed and potential
impacts analyzed!
Emergency Response
Planning
• All facilities face a certain level of risk associated
with various threats.
o Threat or hazard is an event that could cause injury,
property damage, business disruption or environmental
impact.
• These threats may be the result of natural events,
accidents, or intentional acts to cause harm.
• Regardless of the nature of the threat, facility
owners have a responsibility to limit or manage risks
from these threats to the extent possible.
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•
•
•
Planning-Asses Risk
Implement
Test
Improve
FEMA.GOV
Hazard Vulnerability
Analysis
• The HVA provides a systematic approach to
recognizing hazards that may affect demand for a
business’ services or its ability to provide those
services.
• The risks associated with each hazard are analyzed
to prioritize planning, mitigation, response and
recovery activities.
• The HVA serves as a needs assessment for the
Emergency Management program.
• This process should involve community partners and
be communicated to community emergency
response agencies.
Hazard Vulnerability
Analysis
• Probabilities
• Severity
o Human Impact
o Property Impact
o Business Impact
• Preparedness
• Internal Resources
• External Resources
Planning for the Threats
Probabilities-
Analyze threats/hazards that are-1) unique to
each occupancy, and plan for the actions of
each.
Fire/Explosion
Earthquake
Tornado
Hazardous materials
incident
• Technological
• Civil disturbance
• Flood or flash flood
•
•
•
•
• Communications failure
• Radiological accident
• Loss of key supplier or
customer
• Hurricane
• Winter storm
2) Identify the threats/hazards that have
happened or could happen in your area and
plan for the unique actions of each.
Severity
• Issues to consider for human impact include, but are not
limited to:
Potential for death or injury
• Issues to consider for property impact include, but are not
limited to:
Cost to replace
Cost to set up temporary replacement
Cost to repair
• Issues to consider for business impact include, but are not
limited to:
Business interruption
Employees unable to report to work
Customers unable to reach facility
Company in violation of contractual agreements
Imposition of fines and penalties or legal costs
Interruption of critical supplies
Interruption of product distribution
Preparedness
•
Issues to consider for preparedness include, but are not limited to:
Status of current plans
Training status
Insurance
Availability of back-up systems
Community resources
•
Issues to consider for internal resources include, but are not limited to:
Types of supplies on hand
Volume of supplies on hand
Staff availability
•
Issues to consider for external resources include, but are not limited
to:
Types of agreements with community agencies
Coordination with local and state agencies
Hazard Vulnerability
Analysis
• Issues to consider for response include, but are not
limited to:
Time to marshal an on-scene response
Scope of response capability
Historical evaluation of response success
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL
NATURALLY OCCURRING EVENTS
SEVERITY = (MAGNITUDE - MITIGATION)
PROBABILITY
HUMAN
IMPACT
PROPERTY
IMPACT
BUSINESS
IMPACT
PREPAREDNESS
INTERNAL
RESPONSE
EXTERNAL
RESPONSE
Likelihood this
will occur
Possibility of
death or injury
Physical losses
and damages
Interuption of
services
Preplanning
Time,
effectivness,
resouces
Community/
Mutual Aid staff
and supplies
Relative threat*
0 = N/A
1= Lo w
2 = M o derate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1= Lo w
2 = M o derate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1= Lo w
2 = M o derate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1= Lo w
2 = M o derate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1= High
2 = M o derate
3 = Lo w o r no ne
0 = N/A
1= High
2 = M o derate
3 = Lo w o r no ne
0 = N/A
1= High
2 = M o derate
3 = Lo w o r no ne
0 - 100%
EVENT
SCORE
RISK
Hurricane
0%
Tornado
0%
Severe
Thunderstorm
0%
Snow Fall
0%
Blizzard
0%
Ice Storm
0%
Earthquake
0%
Tidal Wave
0%
Temperature
Extremes
0%
Drought
0%
Flood, External
0%
Wild Fire
0%
Landslide
0%
Dam Inundation
Volcano
0%
Epidemic
0%
AVERAGE SCORE
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
*Threat increases with percentage.
RISK = PROBABILITY * SEVERITY
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0%
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL
NATURALLY OCCURRING EVENTS
SEVERITY = (MAGNITUDE MITIGATION)
PROBABILITY
EVENT
HUMAN
IMPACT
Likelihood this will Possibility of
occur
death or injury
SCORE
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
RISK
PROPERTY
IMPACT
BUSINESS
IMPACT
PREPAREDNESS
INTERNAL
RESPONSE
EXTERNAL
RESPONSE
Physical losses
and damages
Interuption of
services
Preplanning
Time,
effectivness,
resouces
Community/
Mutual Aid staff
and supplies
Relative threat*
0 = N/A
1 = High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
0 = N/A
1 = High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
0 = N/A
1 = High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
0 - 100%
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
0 = N/A
1 = Low
2 = Moderate
3 = High
Tornado
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
44%
Severe
Thunderstorm
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
22%
Blizzard
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
13%
Ice Storm
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
26%
Earthquake
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
59%
Pandemic
1
2
0
3
1
1
0
13%
AVERAGE SCORE
1.67
1.83
1.67
2.17
1.17
1.17
1.17
28%
*Threat increases with percentage.
RISK = PROBABILITY * SEVERITY
10
55
0.28
0.56
0.51
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY ASESSMENT TOOL
TECHNOLOGIC EVENTS
SEVERITY = (MAGNITUDE - MITIGATION)
PROBABILITY
RISK
HUMAN IMPACT
PROPERTY IMPACT
BUSINESS IMPACT
PREPARED-NESS
Interruption of services
Preplanning
INTERNAL RESPONSE EXTERNAL RESPONSE
EVENT
Likelihood this will occur
SCORE
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = Low
3=
Possibility of death or injury Physical losses and damages
0 = N/A
Low
Moderate
1=
2=
3 = High
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = Low
3=
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = High 0 = N/A
1=
3 = Low High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
Relative threat*
0 - 100%
0%
Generator Failure
0%
Transportation Failure
0%
Fuel Shortage
0%
Natural Gas Failure
0%
Water Failure
0%
Sewer Failure
0%
Steam Failure
0%
Fire Alarm Failure
0%
Communications Failure
0%
Medical Gas Failure
0%
Medical Vacuum Failure
0%
HVAC Failure
0%
Information Systems Failure
0%
Fire, Internal
0%
Flood, Internal
0%
Hazmat Exposure, Internal
0%
Supply Shortage
0%
Structural Damage
0%
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
*Threat increases with percentage.
0
1 = Low 0 = N/A
1 = High 0 = N/A
3=
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or 2 = Moderate
none
or none
Community/ Mutual Aid staff
and supplies
Electrical Failure
AVERAGE SCORE
0
Time, effectiveness, resources
RISK = PROBABILITY * SEVERITY
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0%
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL
HUMAN RELATED EVENTS
SEVERITY = (MAGNITUDE - MITIGATION)
PROBABILITY
RISK
HUMAN IMPACT
PROPERTY IMPACT
BUSINESS IMPACT
PREPARED-NESS
Possibility of death or injury
Physical losses and
damages
Interruption of services
Preplanning
INTERNAL RESPONSE EXTERNAL RESPONSE
EVENT
Likelihood this will occur
SCORE
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = Low
3=
0 = N/A
Low
Moderate
1=
2=
3 = High
0 = N/A
Low
Moderate
High
1=
2=
3=
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = High 0 = N/A
1=
3 = Low High
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or none
Relative threat*
0 - 100%
0%
Mass Casualty Incident
(medical/infectious)
0%
Terrorism, Biological
0%
VIP Situation
0%
Infant Abduction
0%
Hostage Situation
0%
Civil Disturbance
0%
Labor Action
0%
Forensic Admission
0%
Bomb Threat
0%
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
*Threat increases with percentage.
0
1 = Low 0 = N/A
1 = High 0 = N/A
3=
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or 2 = Moderate
none
or none
Community/ Mutual Aid staff
and supplies
Mass Casualty Incident (trauma)
AVERAGE
0
Time, effectiveness, resources
RISK = PROBABILITY * SEVERITY
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0%
HAZARD AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL
EVENTS INVOLVING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
SEVERITY = (MAGNITUDE - MITIGATION)
PROBABILITY
RISK
HUMAN IMPACT
PROPERTY IMPACT
BUSINESS IMPACT
PREPARED-NESS
INTERNAL RESPONSE
EXTERNAL RESPONSE
Possibility of death or
injury
Physical losses and
damages
Interruption of services
Preplanning
Time, effectiveness,
resources
Community/ Mutual Aid
staff and supplies
EVENT
Likelihood this will occur
SCORE
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = Low
3=
0 = N/A
Low
Moderate
1=
2=
3 = High
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
1 = Low
3 = High
0 = N/A
2 = Moderate
High
1 = Low 0 = N/A
1 = High 0 = N/A
3=
2 = Moderate
3 = Low or 2 = Moderate
none
or none
1 = High 0 = N/A
3 = Low 2 = Moderate
or none
1 = High
3 = Low
Relative threat*
0 - 100%
0%
Mass Casualty Hazmat Incident
(From historic events at your MC with
>= 5 victims)
0%
Small Casualty Hazmat Incident
(From historic events at your MC with
< 5 victims)
0%
Chemical Exposure, External
0%
Small-Medium Sized Internal Spill
0%
Large Internal Spill
0%
Terrorism, Chemical
0%
Radiologic Exposure, Internal
0%
Radiologic Exposure, External
0%
Terrorism, Radiologic
AVERAGE
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
*Threat increases with percentage.
RISK = PROBABILITY * SEVERITY
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0%
ImplementationDeveloping A Plan
• Implementation of the preparedness
program includes identifying and assessing
resources, and writing plans.
Emergency Response Plan
• Plans to protect people, property and the
environment should be developed. Plans should
include evacuation, sheltering in place and
lockdown as well as plans for other types of threats
identified during the risk assessment.
• Best practices and instructional guidance published
by trade associations, professional societies,
newsletters and government website can be
resources to develop, evaluate and improve your
preparedness program.
Threats/Hazards
Fire/Explosion
Earthquake
Tornado
Hazardous materials
incident
• Technological
• Civil disturbance
• Flood or flash flood
•
•
•
•
• Communications
failure
• Radiological
accident
• Loss of key supplier
or customer
• Hurricane
• Winter storm
Fire- Planning
• Have your facility inspected for fire hazards.
• Distribute fire safety information to employees.
o How to prevent fires in the workplace
o Where to report a fire.
• How to contain a fire,
o Place fire extinguishers in appropriate locations.
o Train employees in use of fire extinguishers.
• How to evacuate the facility
o Instruct personnel to use the
stairs -- not elevators -- in a fire.
o Conduct evacuation drills.
o Post maps of evacuation
routes.
Planning - Fire
• Establish procedures to prevent the accumulation of
combustible materials.
• Provide for the safe disposal of smoking materials.
• Ensure that key personnel are familiar with all fire
safety systems.
• Identify and mark all utility shutoffs so that electrical
power, gas or water can be shut off quickly.
• Establish procedures for the safe handling and
storage of flammable liquids and gases.
Planning- Tornadoes
•
•
Establish procedures to inform personnel when tornado warnings are
posted. Consider the need for spotters to be responsible for looking
out for approaching storms.
Tornado Watch -- Tornadoes are likely. Be ready to take shelter.
Stay tuned to radio and television stations for additional
information.
Tornado Warning -- A tornado has been sighted in the area or is
indicated by radar. Take shelter immediately.
The best protection in a tornado is usually an underground area. If an
underground area is not available, consider:
o Small interior rooms on the lowest floor and without windows
o Hallways on the lowest floor away from doors and windows
o Rooms constructed with reinforced concrete, brick or block with
no windows and a heavy concrete floor or roof system overhead
o Protected areas away from doors and windows
o Note: Auditoriums, cafeterias and gymnasiums that are covered
with a flat, wide-span roof are not considered safe.
•
Make plans for evacuating
personnel away from
lightweight modular offices
or mobile home-size buildings.
These structures offer no
protection from tornadoes.
• Conduct tornado drills.
• Once in the shelter,
personnel should protect
their heads with their
arms and crouch down.
Planning- Earthquake
• Inspect your facility for any item that could fall, spill, break or
move during an earthquake. Take steps to reduce these
hazards,
• Move large and heavy objects to lower shelves or the floor.
Hang heavy items away from where people work.
• Secure shelves, filing cabinets, tall furniture, desktop
equipment, computers, printers, copiers and light fixtures.
• Secure fixed equipment and heavy machinery to the floor.
Larger equipment can be placed on casters and attached to
tethers which attach to the wall.
• Review processes for handling and storing hazardous
materials. Have incompatible chemicals stored separately.
• Establish procedures to determine whether an evacuation is
necessary after an earthquake.
• Designate areas in the facility away from exterior walls
and windows where occupants should gather after an
earthquake if an evacuation is not necessary.
• Conduct earthquake drills. Provide personnel with the
following safety information:
• In an earthquake, if indoors, stay there. Take cover
under a sturdy piece of furniture or counter, or brace
yourself against an inside wall. Protect your head and
neck.
• If outdoors, move into the open, away from buildings,
street lights and utility wires.
• After an earthquake, stay away from windows, skylights
and items that could fall. Do not use the elevators.
• Use stairways to leave the building if it is determined that
a building evacuation is necessary.
PlanningHazardous Materials
• Identify and label all hazardous materials stored, handled,
produced and disposed of by your facility. Follow government
regulations that apply to your facility. Obtain material safety
data sheets (MSDS) for all hazardous materials at your
location.
• Train employees to recognize and report hazardous material
spills and releases. Train employees in proper handling and
storage.
• Establish procedures to notify management and emergency
response organizations of an incident.
• Establish procedures to warn employees of an incident.
• Establish evacuation procedures.
• Identify other facilities in your area that use hazardous
materials. Determine whether an incident could affect your
facility.
PlanningTechnological Emergencies
• Identify all critical operations, including:
o Utilities including electric power, gas, water, hydraulics, compressed air,
municipal and internal sewer systems, wastewater treatment services
o Security and alarm systems, elevators, lighting, life support systems,
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electrical distribution
system.
o Manufacturing equipment, pollution control equipment
o Communication systems, both data and voice computer networks
• Determine the impact of service disruption.
o Ensure that key safety and maintenance personnel are thoroughly familiar
with all building systems.
o Establish procedures for restoring systems. Determine need for backup
systems.
Planning- Terrorism
• All employees need training about their company's
policies regarding workplace violence.
• What they can do to prevent violence and how they
should respond if violence does occur.
• Training should include how to deal with hostile or
angry customers or clients, conflict resolution skills
and stress management techniques.
• Managers also need
training on how to
deal with angry or
belligerent employees.
Further Considerations
• Resource Management: Resources needed for
responding to emergencies, continuing business
operations and communicating during and after an
incident should be identified and assessed.
• Incident Management: An incident management
system is needed to define responsibilities and
coordinate activities before, during and following
an incident.
• Training: Persons with a defined role in the
preparedness program should be trained to do their
assigned tasks. All employees should be trained so
they can take appropriate protective actions during
an emergency.
• Employee Assistance & Support: The business
preparedness plan should encourage employees
and their families to develop family preparedness
plans. Plans should also be developed to support
the needs of employees following an incident.
• Crisis Communications Plan: A plan should be
established to communicate with employees,
customers, the news media and stakeholders.
• Business Continuity Plan: A business continuity plan
that includes recovery strategies to overcome the
disruption of business should be developed.
• Information Technology Plan: A plan to recover
computer hardware, connectivity and electronic
data to support critical business processes should
be developed.
Testing, & Exercises
• You should conduct testing and exercises to
evaluate the effectiveness of your preparedness
program, make sure employees know what to do
and find any missing parts.
• Improve individual performance as well as
organizational coordination and communications
• Evaluate policies, plans, procedures and the
knowledge and skills of team members
• Reveal weaknesses and resource gaps
• Comply with local laws, codes and
regulations
Program Improvement
• There are opportunities for program improvement
following an actual incident.
• A critique should be conducted to assess the response
to the incident.
• Lessons learned from incidents that occur within the
community, within the business’ industry or nationally
can identify needs for preparedness program changes.
• Gaps and deficiencies identified during reviews should
be recorded and addressed through a corrective action
program. Reviews, evaluations and improvements
should be documented and maintained on file.
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