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EPRI Activities in Electric Transportation

November 11, 2009

Don Von Dollen Acher Mosse

Major Automaker Production Plans

Current Status EVs on the road today Market Launch Chevy Volt Market Launch Leaf EV Market Launch PHEV SUV Transit Connect EV Focus EV Production EV for U.S.

Production PHEV Expected Launch PHEV, EV Unconfirmed Plans For EV, PHEV 2009 2010

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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2011

2

2012 2013 2014

Plug-In Vehicles Enter Market in Late 2010 What is the Near-Term Achievable Market Penetration?

Market penetration grows as vehicle production numbers increase, new models are introduced, and economies of scale drive down prices

BEV PHEV Source: Southern California Edison

BEV PHEV

2009

500 150

2010

5,800 250

2011

31,850 25,000

2012

73,967 167,100

2013

97,500 196,700

2014

126,550 238,000

2015

181,800 316,000

Total

517,967 943,200 © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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FOA-28 – Emphasis on PHEV and EV Demonstrations

Advanced Vehicle Electrification + Transportation Sector Electrification Electric Transportation Eng. Corp. (ETEC) $99.8

ETEC and its partner Nissan will demonstrate up to 5,000 Nissan electric vehicles with a 100 mile range and deploy up to 12,500 Level 2 and 250 Level 3 chargers.

Chrysler LLC South Coast AQMD (EPRI, Eaton, Altec, Ford, SCE, Utilities) General Motors Ford Motor Company

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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$70.0 $45.4 $30.5 $30.0

Develop, validate, and deploy 220 advanced plug-in hybrid electric pickups and minivans. Develop a fully integrated, production plug-in hybrid system for Class 2 – 5 vehicles (8,501 – 19,500 lbs gross vehicle weight). Demonstrate a fleet of 378 trucks and shuttle buses. Develop, analyze, and demonstrate hundreds of Chevrolet Volt Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) --125 Volt PHEVs for electric utilities and 500 Volt PHEVs to consumers. Accelerate the launch and commercialization of PHEVs and EVs by partnering with 15 of America's leading utilities. Deploy up to 150 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, including 130 Ford Escape PHEVs and 20 Ford E450 Van PHEVs. 4

A Few Comments on FOA-28 Awards

• Emphasis on demonstration over development • Mix of EV and PHEV technologies • Mix of passenger and commercial vehicles © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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PHEV Trouble Truck Program

(Prior to Recovery Act Award) Objective – Migrate PHEV to Medium Duty Vehicles

• $6 million program • Eight prototype vehicles entering utility test fleets • Grid-connected – 15 kWh Li Ion system – Level 1/2 recharge (120/240) – 5 kW export power – Develop ZEV driving capability, electric accessories • Other applications include shuttle vans, work truck, pickup © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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PHEV Medium Duty Demonstration

Program Details

• Expand existing PHEV Trouble Truck Program to 378 vehicles – 50+ fleets – Ford F550 Trouble Truck, pickups, shuttle vans • $45.4M award (SCAQMD), $90M total program – $5M CEC cost share – $30M+ utility cost share • Set up production facilities – Key suppliers are all U.S. companies – Fleet build and delivery by Q2 2011 © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

Ministry of Mines and Energy CONSORTIUM

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The ‘Charging Pyramid’ Every vehicle able to use every charge point

• Residential – majority of units

– Seamless installations for homeowners a primary concern of Auto OEMs – Permits, electricians, inspections – Rates and customer programs

• Workplace • Public Charging – as needed

– Retail, private, public space – Open access

• Interoperable and Intelligent

Workplace Public

Residential

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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EPRI PHEV Distribution System Impacts – Modeling/Simulation Analytical Framework

Regulator Capacitor

300kvar 900kvar 900kvar 900kvar

Substation 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Hour

14 16 18 20 22

Month 900kvar

Residential transformers are the first assets significantly impacted 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

KW

9000-10000 8000-9000 7000-8000 6000-7000 5000-6000 4000-5000 3000-4000 2000-3000 1000-2000 0-1000

900kvar

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Flexibility in Model Development

 High-fidelity distribution feeder models  Spatial and temporal variation of circuit loads and PHEV Loads  Dynamic simulation of full electrical model serving PHEV loads through annual load cycle 13

Role of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on Smart Grid Standards

Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Title XIII, Section 1305 Smart Grid Interoperability Framework

• In cooperation with the DoE, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders,

NIST

has “primary responsibility to

coordinate development of a framework

that includes protocols and model standards for information management

to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems

…”

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© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Standard Gap Assessment - Priority Action Plans

#

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Priority Action Plan

Internet Protocol (IP) for the Smart Grid Wireless Communications for the Smart Grid

Common Pricing Model

Common Scheduling Mechanism Standard Meter Data Profiles Common Semantic Model for Meter Data Tables Electric Storage Interconnection Guidelines

CIM for Distribution Grid Management

Standard Demand Response Signals Standard Energy Usage Information Common Object Models for Electric Transportation

IEC 61850 Objects/DNP3 Mapping

Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/IEEE C37.118 Harmonization Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping

Action Plan Covers Transmission , Distribution, and Consumer Domain

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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PEVs in the Smart Grid Ecosystem

Control Center IEC 61850 T&D Automation Network EMS/SCADA Substation Substation Substation Fiber TCP/IP PLC Energy Services Company (ESCO) Aggregator

e.g., ComVerge

Fiber TCP/IP

Internet

PLC CoAx / Fiber TCP/IP HAN Gateway 802.15.4 (ZigBee), IEEE 1901 (HomePlug 1.0) Meter Data Management System TCP/IP CIM IEC 61970 IEC 61968 Head End Backhaul WiMax 802.16 D/E GPRS (LTE) Access Point Subdivision

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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900MHz (RF)

Itron (Layer 1-2 802.15.4) SilverSpring IPV6 w/ DP

AMI Meter ANSI C12 802.15.4 (ZigBee) IEEE 1901 (HomePlug 1.0) E V S E Residential Customer Wireless Mesh Network X/HP IEEE 1901 SAE J2836 / J2847

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In the End – Standards Efforts are Critical Infrastructure Working Council – Stakeholder Organization for Collaboration on Standards Infrastructure Working Council - Utility-funded stakeholder group - Identify and address needs for codes and standards - Not a standards body SAE Society of Automotive Engineers - J1772 (Connector) - J2836 (Communications) IEC Intl Electrotechnical Comm - TC69 (Charge Infrastructure) - SC23 (Connectors) EPRI IWC IEEE Inst of Elec and Elect Engineers - 1547 (Interconnecting DR) NEC National Electric Code - NEC625 (EV Charging Systems)

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Others ANSI, UL, etc.