DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL APRIL –JULY 2010

Muhammed Fatih Altınok Zekeriya Akyıldız Halil Cihan Helvacıoğlu Ömer Burak Kınay

 Largest oil spill ever recorded  Gulf of Mexico – Macondo Well  Explosion and sinking of BP’s oil rig  Explosion caused 11 deaths  94 survivors from rig crew  Serious environmental problems arised

    9-year-old Mobile, Floating Able to drill up to 3000m depth Owned by Transocean , Leased to BP    High-pressure methane gas, ignited & exploded Crew rescued by lifeboats and helicopters Rig sank in 22 April 2010

Before After

 BP estimated 1,000-4000 initially barrels flow rate/day  FRTG estimated 20,000 – 40,000 barrels/day  Total leakage: 4,9 million barrels ±10%  Directly impacted 180,000 𝑘𝑚 2 of ocean  2000 km of coastline contaminated

 Blow-out preventer failure  Misreading pressure data by managers – defective cement job  Mistakes in control routines  Failure to observe and respond to critical indicators  Risky cost cutting decisions not noticed by government regulators

  Crew Rescue Operations U.S. Coast guards used 2 cutters, 4 helicopters and 1 rescue plane   Firefighting Operations No specified plan, no preparation  Many Attempts to Stop the Leakage  Clean-up Operations

   Attempt to close the blowout preventer FAILED Placing a 125-tonne containment dome over largest leak – FAILED Pumping heavy drilling fluids into the blowout preventer – FAILED  The permanent solution:  Drilling of relief wells to reduce the pressure in the main well. Cement pumping finally resulted and the well capped.

The well was effectively killed on September 19, 2010 Nearly 5 months of leakage

 April 28 – U.S. Military joins the clean-up  ◦ ◦ U.S. Government – Unified Command Structure BP, Transocean Federal Agencies:        Minerals Management Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Coast Guard Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service Centers for Disease Control (CDC)

 ◦ 4 fundamental strategies Controlled Burns, Containment, Chemical Dispersal, Oil Removal

 Total Response Vessels: 6,300  Total boom deployed: 1,500km  Oily Water Recovered: 15+ million gallons  Chemical Dispersant Used: 1.1+ million gallons  Oil recovered: 10,5 million gallons  Overall personnel responded: 37,000+

 Environmental Effects on Gulf Ecosystem • Nearly 9,000 species of animals imposed o Fish, birds and other marine animals • • • Unexpected changes in the population of species o Destruption of habitats Increase in the concentration of carcinogens and chemical materials in ocean by 40 times o Genetically modified sea creatures have emerged The future effects could not be predicted

 Environmental Effects on Human Life ◦ The biggest health crisis in coastal cities ◦ Water and air pollution ◦ Food Shortage ◦ Pollution created economical discolation for local people

What Was Wrong?

◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ An appliable crisis plan was not available Initial denial of responsibility Inconvenient behaviour of the CEO Misinforming the media Inappropriate relations with judges What Was Right?

◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ A good PR performance Live broadcast from the disaster location Using trustworthy people for the campaign The effective use of social media