Transcript The Role of International Organizations in a Global Economy

HRI
Geneva Seminar
13-14 December 2010
Trade and Development IOs
from the Perspective of Global Businesses
(WTO, WIPO, UNCTAD, ITC, UNDP, World Bank)
Trade and Development Cluster
 WTO – established 1995, based in Geneva
 UNCTAD – established 1960, based in Geneva
 ITC – established 1995, based in Geneva
 WIPO – established 1970, based in Geneva
 World Bank – established 1944, based in Washington,
DC
 UNDP – established 1950s, based in NYC
WTO Governance
 153 members – consensus decision-making
 Ministerial Conference (every two years)
 General Council –
 Trade Policy Review Body
 Dispute Settlement Body
 Specialized subsidiary councils, committees and sub-
committees
 Secretariat: 637 staff, CHF 194 million 2010
Doha Round Challenges
 Agricultural tariffs, export subsidies and domestic
subsidies
 Non-agricultural market access (NAMA)
 Services – «requests and offers »
 Trade facilitation
 Development, environment, dispute settlement,
intellectual property rights and rules
Relations with NGOs
and the Private Sector
 Protests in Seattle in 1999
 Doha Development Agenda endorsed 2001
 Transformation of negotiating dynamics in Cancun
2003
 Hong Kong Ministerial and major effort to
accommodate NGOs 2005
 Lapse in Ministerials until Geneva in 2009
 Public Policy Forums
WTO Reports
 Annual World Trade Report
 2010 focus on natural resources
 2011 focus on preferential trade agreements
 International Trade Statistics
 Trade Profiles 2010
 Joint reports with
 ILO, UNEP, UNCTAD and OECD
World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO)
 Established in 1970, currently 184 Member States
 General Assembly meets annually
 Along with Assemblies of certain unions of WIPOadministered treaties
 Coordination Committee in the interim
 Budget of CHF 618.8 million 2010-2011
 90% from registration system services
WIPO Mission
To develop a balanced and accessible international IP
system to
 Reward creativity
 Stimulate innovation
 Contribute to economic development
 Safeguard the public interest
WIPO Services
 Patents
 Traditional knwoledge
 Trademarks
 IP for development
 Industrial designs
 Vision
 Copyright
 Economics
WIPO 2010 Strategic Realignment
 A balanced evolution of the international normative
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framework
Provision of premier global IP services
Facilitating the use of IP for development
Coordination and development of global IP infrastructure
World reference source for IP information and analysis
International cooperation on building respect for IP
Addressing IP in relation to global policy issues
A responsive communications interface between WIPO, its
Member States and all stakeholders
An efficient administrative and financial support structure
to enable WIPO to deliver its programs
WIPO Relations with NGOs
 Separate consultative status
 271 NGOs with official observer status
UN Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
 Subsidiary body of UNGA – 193 Member States
 Secretary-General elected by UNGA – 4 year terms (most
recently Supachai Panitchpakdi serving his second four-year
term as of 2009)
 Budget of $50 million plus $25 million extra-budgetary
technical assistance funds
 Governance by quadrennial conferences
 Most recently UNCTAD XII 2008, in Accra, Ghana
 Trade and Development Board -155 Member States
 Two commissions to meet annually
 Trade and Development Commission
 Investment, Enterprise and Development Commission
UNCTAD Priorities
 Consensus building on trade and development policies
for developing countries in an inter-governmental
forum
 Research, policy analysis and data collection
 Technical assistance –
 working with private sector, including trade and
industry associations, research institutions and
universities
UNCTAD Achievements
 Generalized system of preferences (GSP)
 Definition of Least Developed Countries
 International commodities agreements
 Trade and competition policy
UNCTAD Flagship Reports and
Forums
 World Investment Report and forum
 Thematic focus – climate change in 2010
 Second World Investment Forum in Shanghai
 Trade and Development Report
 Technology and Innovation Report
 Trade and Environment Review
 Recent visibility with OECD-UNCTAD Reports on G20
Trade and Investment Measures
UNCTAD NGOs
 Separate procedure for consultative status
 Only 200 NGOs officially registered
 ICC, IFPMA, IOE, and specialized associations (cocoa
and other commodities, fertilizer, SMEs, hotel and
tourism)
 Many commodities associations are inter-
governmental
 Cotton, copper, grains, lead and zinc, jute, olive oil,
rubber, sugar, tea, petroleum, etc)
UNCTAD
Global Commodities Forum
31 January-1 February 2011, Geneva
 Forum addressing hydrocarbons, metals and foods
 Private sector issues
 Commodity supply chains
 State of business practices and innovations
International Trade Centre
(Intracen)
 Budget of $45 million in 2009
 50% from UNGA through UNCTAD
 50% from WTO through General Council
 Extrabudgetary funds
 Global Trust Fund
 Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme
 Integrated Framework Steering Group
 Bilateral agreements with donors
ITC Mandate
 Export trade facilitation for small and medium sized
businesses in developing countries
 Diversity in supply chains provides an opportunity for
persuading global businesses to develop supply chains
together with SMEs,
 Driven in part by social responsibility
 But mostly looking at SMEs as genuine sources for
added value.
Implementing the ITC Mandate
 Start with identifying the demand for products –a
non-traditional way of supporting development
 Priority to models that can be replicated in lots of
places
 Help with access to finance
 Promoting sustainability
 Working also on trade facilitation framework and
trade finance
UN Development Programme
 Established in 1965 as a programme of the UNGA
 On the ground in 166 countries
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UNDP Residence Representatives
 Executive Board - 36 members elected for three-year
terms by ECOSOC (except W. Europe and other States
with internal rotation policy)
 Bureau with one President and four Vice Presidents
 Budget - $828.3 million 2010-2011 biennium
UNDP Priorities
 Democratic governance
 Poverty reduction and the MDGs
 Crisis prevention and recovery
 Environment and energy
 HIV/AIDS
UNDP Partnership Bureau
 Promoting Inclusive Market Development
 Policy and institutional infrastructure
 Pro-poor value chain integration
 Pro-poor goods and services
 Entrepreneurship development
 Corporate social responsibility
 Research on Growing Inclusive Markets
 Business Call to Action
World Bank Group
 World Bank Group entities include:
 IBRD
 International Development Association
 International Finance Corporation
 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
 International Centre for Settlement of Investment
Disputes
World Bank Group
 Together, we provide low-interest loans, interest-free
credits and grants to developing countries for a wide
array of purposes that include investments in
education, health, public administration,
infrastructure, financial and private sector
development, agriculture and environmental and
natural resource management.
 The World Bank, established in 1944, is headquartered
in Washington, D.C. We have more than 10,000
employees in more than 100 offices worldwide.
World Bank Group
 Board of Governors of the Bank and Fund
 Executive Board – now 25 (as of Nov 2010)
 Development Committee – 24 members
 Budget of $1.777.5 billion in FY 2011
 IDA15 commitment authority of $43.6 billion
 IBRD at $44 billion
 Growing portfolio of trust funds
World Bank Group Priorities
 The poorest countries
 Post-conflict and fragile states
 Middle-income countries
 Global Public Goods
 The Arab World
 Knowledge and learning