Transcript Slide 1

International Symposium on marine fisheries, ecosystems and societies in West Africa:
Half a century of change
Dakar, 26-28 June 2002
Chronicles of catches from marine fisheries in the
Eastern Central Atlantic for 1950-2000
Luca Garibaldi and Richard Grainger
Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit
FAO
1. Catch statistics collected by FAO-FIDI in the
Eastern Central Atlantic-CECAF area
The CECAF area and its divisions
Code
34.1.1
34.1.2
34.1.3
34.1.9
34.2.0
34.3.1
34.3.2
34.3.3
34.3.4
34.3.5
34.3.6
34.4.1
34.4.2
34.9.0
34.0.0
Name
Morocco coastal
Canaries/Madeira insular
Sahara coastal
Northern coastal, not known
Northern oceanic
Cape Verde coastal
Cape Verde insular
Sherbro
Western Gulf of Guinea
Central Gulf of Guinea
Southern Gulf of Guinea
Southwest Gulf of Guinea
Southwest oceanic
Not known (CECAF area)
Tunas (CECAF area)
http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/FISHPLUS.asp
The revised ISSCAAP groups
 'International Standard Statistical Classification
for Aquatic Animals and Plants' (ISSCAAP)
defines 50 groups of species.
 ISSCAAP groups have been recently revised
– a new useful grouping for coastal fishes
– better identification of demersal and pelagic
species
 For the first time, aggregations of data by the
new ISSCAAP groups are discussed
2. Overview of the 2000 catches respect to the
previous year
 Total catches for 2000 in Eastern Central Atlantic
about 3,500,000 tonnes, a slight reduction from
1999
 Among the 10 major fishing countries in the area
– Netherlands and Morocco increased
– Spain and Russian Federation showed significant decreases
 Totals by the new ISSCAAP groups reveal:
– increase of small pelagic catches (mainly mackerels)
– decrease of coastal and demersal fish catches
– catches of valuable species such as tunas, crustaceans and
cephalopods decreased
3. Characterization of the CECAF divisions by
ISSCAAP groups' catches
 Catch statistics for the 1970-2000 period of the seven
coastal CECAF divisions have been plotted by the
ISSCAAP groups
 Average percentage accounted for by "Marine fishes
not identified" for each coastal division are as follows:
Code
34.1.1
34.1.3
34.3.1
34.3.3
34.3.4
34.3.5
34.3.6
Division name
Percentage
Morocco coastal
7.6%
Sahara coastal
7.5%
Cape Verde coastal
10.1%
Sherbro
7.5%
Western Gulf of Guinea
10.9%
Central Gulf of Guinea
15.2%
Southern Gulf of Guinea
15.6%
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
1,000,000
900,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
800,000
Division 1.1 - Morocco coastal
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
700,000
600,000
Miscellaneous
demersal
fishes
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
100,000
Crustaceans
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Molluscs
1,800,000
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
1,600,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
1,400,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
1,200,000
Clupeoids and other
pelagic fishes
dominate catches in
the two northern
coastal divisions.
Significant catches of
molluscs, mainly
cephalopods.
Miscellaneous
demersal
fishes
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
200,000
Crustaceans
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Division 1.3 - Sahara coastal
Molluscs
800,000
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
700,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
600,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
500,000
Miscellaneous
demersal
fishes
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
Division 3.1 - Cape verde coastal
Flounders,
halibuts,
soles
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
180,000
160,000
140,000
Miscellaneou
s coastal
fishes
Miscellaneou
s demersal
fishes
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneou
s pelagic
fishes
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
120,000
100,000
80,000
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
60,000
Crustaceans
40,000
400,000
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
350,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
300,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
250,000
Miscellaneous
demersal
fishes
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
200,000
150,000
100,000
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
50,000
Crustaceans
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
0
1976
Division 3.3 - Sherbro
20,000
1973
Molluscs
1970
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Molluscs
Catch trends in three central
divisions are still influenced
by the fluctuations of
clupeoids but coastal and
demersal fishes begin to
have a greater importance.
Crustaceans
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Molluscs
Division 3.4 - Western Gulf of Guinea
400,000
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
350,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
300,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
250,000
Miscellaneous
demersal fishes
200,000
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
150,000
100,000
50,000
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Crustaceans
Molluscs
70,000
Flounders,
halibuts, soles
60,000
Cods, hakes,
haddocks
50,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
40,000
Miscellaneous
demersal fishes
30,000
Herrings, sardines,
anchovies
20,000
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
Sharks, rays,
chimaeras
10,000
Division 3.5 - Central Gulf of Guinea
In two remaining coastal
divisions, all the groups of
species are fairly well
represented. Maybe this is
a sign of more varied and
stable marine ecosystems,
which have supported a
more steady rise of
catches throughout the
last 30 years, although the
distribution and
abundance of important
fishery resources have
varied (Koranteng,1999).
Crustaceans
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
1970
0
Molluscs
Division 3.6 - Southern Gulf of Guinea
4. Historical trends of Distant Water Fleets catches
2,500,000
Total catches by DWFs
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
1998
1995
1992
1989
1986
1983
1980
1977
1974
1971
1968
1965
1962
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
1998
1995
1992
1989
1986
1983
1980
1977
1974
1971
1968
1965
1962
1959
1956
0%
1953
Share of DWFs catches on
total catches
1950
1959
1956
1953
1950
0
Major DWF countries and groups of countries
800,000
1,600,000
700,000
1,400,000
600,000
1,200,000
500,000
1,000,000
400,000
800,000
300,000
600,000
200,000
400,000
100,000
200,000
0
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
0
Japan
Korea,
Republic
of
EU not
bordering
countries
USSR &
Former
USSR
1,400,000
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
1,200,000
DWFs' catches by ISSCAAP group
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
1,000,000
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
800,000
600,000
Tunas,
bonitos,
billfishes
400,000
Squids,
cuttlefishes,
octopuses
200,000
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
0
100%
Herrings,
sardines,
anchovies
90%
80%
Miscellaneous
pelagic fishes
70%
60%
Miscellaneous
coastal fishes
50%
40%
Tunas, bonitos,
billfishes
30%
20%
10%
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
0%
1950
Share of DWFs catches on total catches
by ISSCAAP group
Squids,
cuttlefishes,
octopuses
1,800,000
Clupeoids + miscellaneous pelagic fishes
1,600,000
1,400,000
Bordering
countries
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
DWFs
600,000
400,000
200,000
1998
250,000
200,000
Bordering
countries
150,000
100,000
DWFs
50,000
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
Tunas
1955
0
1950
1994
1990
1986
1982
1978
1974
1970
1966
1962
1958
1954
1950
0
1,600,000
DWFs' catches by major CECAF divisions
3411
Morocco
coastal
1,400,000
1,200,000
3413
Sahara
coastal
1,000,000
800,000
3431 Cape
Verde
coastal
600,000
400,000
3433
Sherbro
200,000
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
100%
3411
Morocco
coastal
90%
80%
3413
Sahara
coastal
70%
60%
50%
3431 Cape
Verde
coastal
40%
30%
3433
Sherbro
20%
10%
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
0%
1973
Share of DWFs catches on total
catchesof major CECAF divisions
1970
1970
0
5. Development of fisheries and the state of
marine resources
 Development of fisheries on the main
resources in the Eastern Central Atlantic
since 1950 chronicled
 Top 38 species items analysed (account for
75% of marine capture production)
 Using cluster analysis, time series grouped
according to their shapes into five groups
Cluster 1
 Species of Cluster 1, which dominate the
catches, include several pelagic species
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
Cluster 2
2.0
 Species in Cluster 2, many of them subject of
distant water fishing fleets
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
Cluster 3
2.5
1991
 Cluster 3 includes mostly coastal species
with limited catches which showed a rapid
decline in the 1970s and have not recovered.
1991
 Fisheries for the pelagic species of Cluster 4,
which were probably strongly regimeinfluenced
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1951
1961
1971
1981
Cluster 4
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
1951
1961
1971
1981
Cluster 5
2.5
 Species of Cluster 5 dominated by sardinellas
and bigeye tuna
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
Percentage of major marine fish resources in
various phases of fishery development
 Simple fishery development model assumed
comprising four phases
– Phase 1: Undeveloped
– Phase 2: Developing
– Phase 3: Mature
– Phase 4: Senescent (declining)
 Time series classified to phase according to
slope of the line for 3-year average catches
Percentage of major marine fish resources in
various phases of fishery development (contd.)
100%
90%
80%
Phase 4
Senescent
70%
Phase 3
Mature
60%
50%
Phase 2
Developing
40%
Phase 1
Undeveloped
30%
20%
10%
0%
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
 The total number (and percentage) of resources in
each phase were calculated each year, across the
whole data set.
Conclusions
 Analysis demonstrates strikingly the development of
fisheries
– 90% of the resources were classified as “undeveloped” in 1950s
– 68% of them were either “mature” or senescent” in 1990s
 Very little room for further expansion of harvest from
these fish stocks
 Increase in resources which are subject to declines
in productivity (“senescent” or Phase IV)
 Consistent with analysis by Grainger and Garcia
(1996) which indicated the Eastern Central Atlantic
was fully fished in 1980s and estimated maximum
production region can provide is 4.3 million tonnes.
Thank you for your kind attention