Transcript Slide 1

An Overview of Solar & Wind Energy in
the Kingdom of Bahrain and the GCC
States
Amman 27-28 March 2012
Khalid A. Burashid
1
Arabian Gulf
Category
Quantity
Area
765.3 Sq km
Population
1,170,000
Population
growth
2.8%/year
Peak load in
2011
2812 MW
Peak load
demand
growth rate
10%/year
Expected
Power growth
rate
8%
Energy Consumption GWh
Energy Demand Forecast (MW)
6500
5503
4803
3539
2812
2011
2015
2020
2025
2030
4
Energy consumption by sector
The Study
Contents
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Bahrain’s Development Project
6
Coverage Zone
Bahrain
E 50o 33` N 26o 1` 39”
7
Coverage Zone
E 47o 58` N 29o 22`
Kuwait
Bahrain
E 50o 33` N 26o 1` 39”
Doha
Al Hufuf
E 49o 35` N 25o 23`
E 51o 32` 0” N 25o 17`12”
Abu Dhabi
Muscat
E 58.54o 33` N 23.61
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Coverage Zone
E 47o 58` N 29o 22`
Kuwait
Qaysuma
Bahrain
E 50o 33` N 26o 1` 39”
Doha
Al Hufuf
E 49o 35` N 25o 23`
E 51o 32` 0” N 25o 17`12”
Abu Dhabi
Muscat
E 58.54o 33` N 23.61
Solar
Wind
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Coverage Zone
E 38o 39`11” N 31o 40` 39”
E 47o 58` N 29o 22`
Turaif
Kuwait
Qaysuma
Bahrain
E 50o 33` N 26o 1` 39”
E 36o 25` 0 ” N 26o 17 ` 0 ”
Doha
Al Wajh
Al Hufuf
E 49o 35` N 25o 23`
E 51o 32` 0” N 25o 17`12”
Abu Dhabi
Muscat
E 58.54o 33` N 23.61
Gizan
E 42o 33`40” N16o 53`21”
Solar
Wind
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Annual direct normal irradiance “GCC”
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Global Cloud Cover
Source: NASA MODIS TerraSat
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Monthly Average Daily Global Radiation and average
Sunshine hours in Bahrain
9.2 hrs
5180 Whr/m2
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Monthly average daily global radiation and
Sunshine hours in Qatar (Doha)
9.3 hrs
5260 Whr/m2
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Monthly average daily global radiation and
sunshine hours in Saudi Arabia (Al Hufuf)
12
8000
7000
8.7 hrs
6
4
4000
Solar Radiation
Sunshine Hours
0
nu
Fe ary
br
ua
ry
M
ar
ch
A
pr
il
M
ay
Ju
ne
Ju
A ly
Se ugu
s
pt
em t
b
O er
ct
ob
N
ov
e
em r
D
ec ber
em
be
r
2000
2
Ja
W hr/m2
5670 Whr/m2
5000
15
hrs
8
6000
3000
10
9000
8000
7000
6000
12
8.9 hrs
8
5990 Whr/m2
5000
4000
3000
J
6
4
Solar Radiation
2
Sunshine Hours
2000
u
n
a
10
hrs
W hr/m2
Monthly average daily global radiation and
Sunshine hours in Kuwait
y
ar
u
r
b
Fe
y
ar
M
ch
r
a
il
r
p
A
M
ay
0
e
n
Ju
ly
u
J
t
r
r
r
s
er
e
e
e
u
b
b
b
b
ug em cto em em
A
t
O
p
ov
ec
e
N
D
S
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Monthly average daily global radiation and
Sunshine hours in Oman (Al Sib)
12
9.6 hrs
5410 Whr/m2
5000
4000
ug
us
Se
t
pt
em
be
r
O
ct
ob
er
N
ov
em
be
D
r
ec
em
be
r
A
Ju
ly
Ju
ne
ay
2
M
pr
il
2000
8
4
Solar Radiation
Sunshine hours
A
3000
10
6
Ja
nu
ar
y
Fe
br
ua
ry
M
ar
ch
W hr/m2
6000
hrs
7000
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Daily average solar radiation in the G.C.C Countries
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Monthly average Irradiance on tilted plane (Bahrain)
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Mathematical Model for Monthly Average
Daily Global Radiation in Bahrain
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Bahrain’s monthly variation of the fraction of possible
duration of sunshine hours and the Clearness Index
June 0.635
H =Ho [A + B (S/So)]
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The Radiation Model
For the Kingdom of Bahrain
H/Ho = 0.45186 S/So - 0.00924 RH - 0.00788 T + 1.03452
T : monthly mean daily temperature in oC.
RH : monthly mean relative humidity
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Comparison between the proposed H/Ho model and other
models for Bahrain
0.8
0.7
H/Ho
0.6
0.5
0.4
Measured H/Ho
Attili & Abdulla
Proposed Model
Gopinathan
0.3
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Comparison of the proposed model with the measured
values for some GCC locations
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Wind Energy
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Mean Annual Wind Speeds in Bahrain
7
6
m/sec
5
4
3
2
1
Airport
SCC
0
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Wind summary - Bahrain
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Mean Annual Wind Speeds in Qatar
6
5
m/sec
4
3
2
1
0
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wind speed m/s
Mean Annual Wind Speeds in UAE
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
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Mean Annual Wind Speeds in Kuwait
8
7
m/sec
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
30
Solar versus wind powers in the Arabian Gulf
Countries (W/m2)
!!
Solar
Power
Wind
power
Solar /Wind
Bahrain
558
91
6.1
Qatar
565
85
6.6
Saudi Arabia
Eastern province
587
71
8.3
Kuwait
673
140
4.8
country
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Monthly average wind speeds in Bahrain
and selected GCC locations
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Bahrain
Saudi Arabia
3.0
A
ug
us
Se
t
pt
em
be
r
O
ct
ob
er
N
ov
em
be
D
r
ec
em
be
r
Ju
ly
Ju
ne
Bahrain
Kuwait
Qatar
ay
Saudi Arabia
2.0
1.0
0.0
st
Se
pt
em
be
r
O
ct
ob
er
N
ov
em
be
D
r
ec
em
be
r
Kuwait
Qatar
BRN
pt
e
ly
QTR
st
m
be
r
O
ct
ob
N
er
ov
em
b
D
ec er
em
be
r
Se
ug
u
6000
Ju
ne
7000
A
Ju
M
ay
2.0
pr
il
3.0
A
6.0
Fe
4.0
W hr / m2
5.0
ug
u
Ju
ly
Ju
ne
M
nu
ar
y
br
ua
ry
M
ar
ch
5.0
Ja
0.0
A
6.0
pr
il
1.0
A
7.0
Ja
nu
ar
y
Fe
br
ua
ry
M
ar
ch
4.0
ay
pr
il
m/s
M
A
m/s
Ja
nu
ar
y
Fe
br
ua
ry
M
ar
ch
Monthly average wind speeds in Bahrain
and selected GCC locations
9000
7.0
8000
UAE
KWT
Om an
KSA
5000
4000
3000
Bahrain's Demonstration Project
Solar and Wind
Bahrain's Vision for Renewal energy
Why solar & wind
Implementation Program
34
Onshore potential areas were defined
after subtracting from the total areas of
Bahrain:
• Residential and touristic areas with
a minimum distance of 500m from them
• Industrial and agricultural areas
were excluded only when infrastructure
existed
• Airports and their surroundings
following guidelines from ICAO
Protected areas (wild life sanctuary,
parks etc.)
Net area available is 218 km2
Offshore potential areas
were defined by subtracting from the
total exclusive economical zone of
Bahrain:
• All areas with a water depth larger
than 30m
• Areas with visual impact on onshore
facilities (10km facing touristic areas
and 5km facing residential areas)
• Main shipping lane entering the port
with a buffer region around it and all
the ‘Bahrain Port Limit’ as specified
by the ‘General Organization of Sea
Ports’.
Net available area is 4,980 km2
Possible sites for wind
generators
Wind speed measured
at 80 meters height
37
Wind speed measured
at 100 meters height
38
The solar resources in Bahrain are relatively uniform, locations with
better wind speed may also be better for solar panels to control the
temperature. This means location criteria for Wind and Solar energy are
similar
Initial Proposed Site Assessment
for the Observation Plant
EWA proposed a site located south East. A = 13 hectars
•
Capital Cost : US $ 12 Million
Conclusion
Solar Energy:
Bahrain and the rest of the GCC states are subjected to very high
solar radiation levels during summer months reaching up to 7200
Whr/m2 with an annual mean radiation of 5200 Whr/m2 which
justifies the use of this energy for small/medium size power
generation
Despite the availability of such enormous energy, which is clean
and renewable, applications are still very limited in this region.
There are only a few ambitious programs for research and
development aimed to expand the usage of these energies.
Electricity production and Sea water desalination utilizing Reverse
Osmosis process powered by Solar and wind turbines may also be
considered for small and medium size plants in remote areas.
41
Wind Energy:
Preliminary results show that the average wind ranges between
4.0 and 5.5 m/s. In a windy day wind power is equivalent to about
225 Watt/m2 distributed over 24 hours period.
Because of the frequency of calms, wind power can not
contribute significantly to a firm power generation, however, it
could be efficiently used in a hybrid wind/solar scheme.
Further research and Studies on wind potential is recommended
for developing experience with turbine generators performance
and their economics in this region
42
Thank You
Khalid
Burashid