HF 2 - Augmented Reality
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Transcript HF 2 - Augmented Reality
Human Factors 2: Augmented Reality
Characteristics of AR
systems
Applications
Types of AR
Issues in AR
Augmented Reality Characteristics
Combines real and virtual: virtual objects
superimposed or composited with the real world
(adding and/or removing)
Interactive in real time
Registered in 3-D
In contrast to VE’s, AR supplements reality rather than
replacing it
Components of an AR system
NB: AR can be applied to all senses. There are systems that are being developed that can
accommodate sound, in which the user wears headphones equipped with microphones.
Why use AR?
The information conveyed by the virtual objects helps
the user perform real-world tasks. It provides
information to the user that is not directly available to
the user’s senses otherwise.
Applications
Medical: project non-invasive imaging scans (MRI,
CT, ultrasound) onto the patient’s body - “x-ray vision”.
Particularly useful for minimally invasive surgery. Also
for guiding precision surgery or training.
ultrasound guided needle biopsy
Applications
Assembly, maintenance and repair: Instructions
available on-site as superimposed 3D drawings
(video)
Applications
Visualization: e.g. architects may visualize how a
particular structure will change the view of the
environment. Or they may employ “x-ray vision” to
visualize pipes, electric lines or structural supports
inside walls (video).
Annotation: tag objects
or enviroments with
public or private
information. E.g. a
context sensitive (handheld) display could
provide info on library
books as the user walks
around a library.
NaviCam [Rekimoto, UIST’94]
context-sensitive information assistant
object ID
Applications
Robot path planning: due to long communication
delays with a real robot, controlling the virtual version
may be preferable
Military aircraft: superimpose vector graphics onto the
pilot’s view of the world
Entertainment: e.g.
virtual sets merging
real actors with
virtual backgrounds
Applications
Wearable computing: context-sensitive & mobile
http://www.microopticalcorp.com/
Types
Optical see-through HMD
Video see-through HMD
Monitor based AR
Optical See-Through HMD
Video See-Through HMD
Monitor based AR
Issues in AR
What’s wrong with this picture?
Issues in AR
WIMP interface is fundamentally wrong for AR
Users are very sensitive to visual offsets (<1 min of arc) HMD trackers and displays cannot provide this level of
accuracy: the registration problem (not so much a
problem in VE’s). Note that some applications will
demand high accuracy!
Static errors: optical distortion; errors in tracking; misalignments
Dynamic errors: end-to-end system latency (pot. solutions: lag
reduction; temporal stream matching (only w. video based
systems); location prediction)
AR is in its infancy: No turnkey, off-the-shelf AR systems
available; much research still needed on perceptual,
cognitive and social issues