Transcript Introduction to GIS (Digital Mapping) with ArcGIS 9.3

GIS in a Nutshell
with ArcGIS 10.2
www.udel.edu/gis
What is GIS Definition
– GIS = Geographic Information Systems: system used to create,
store, edit, analyze, format, and deliver data related to
geographic location
• Systems = hardware, software, methods
What is GIS Ad Hoc
• Data with “geographic component”
What is GIS Formal
• … in geographic context
What is GIS? Layers
What is GIS Geographic Reference
• Geographic Referencing (“Georeferencing”) of
information by geographic coordinates (latitude
and longitude)
• Unprojected coordinates are usually in decimal
degrees like 39.679167, -75.758056
• Projected coordinates are expressed in relation to
a flat plane, in familiar distance units like
18S 434990 meters 4392423 meters
What is GIS? Primary Data Types
Vector
• Store x,y coordinates to
represent locations and
boundaries of map features
• Point (x,y), line [(x,y),(x,y),
… ], polygon [(x,y),(x,y), … ]
Lines
Polygons
Points
Raster
• In a grid, cell values
represent the dominant
characteristic of that cell
What is GIS Common Data formats
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Shapefile (.shp, shx., .dbf, .prj)
File geodatabase (.gdb)
Personal geodatabase (.mdb)
Various imagery files (.img, .tif, .sid, .jp2, .asc,
.hdr, GRID (directory))
• Common generic geographic data formats
(.csv, .xls, .txt (tab-delimited), etc., or nongeoreferenced images)
• Map Document IS NOT DATA (.mxd)
What is GIS? Examples
Reference
What is GIS? Examples
Thematic
What is GIS? Examples
Charts
What is GIS? Examples
Web/Interactive
What is GIS? Examples
3D
What is GIS? Examples
Animation
What is GIS? Examples
Networks and Movement
What is GIS? Examples
Imagery/
Remote Sensing
What is GIS? Examples
Volumetric
What is GIS? Examples
Proximity
What is GIS? Examples
Tables
and Reports
ArcGIS Introduction
– ArcGIS is the most popular GIS software in the world
– It is a powerful suite of tools, which satisfies the
largest variety of use cases
– It is a propriety software developed by Esri, and
licensed to UD, other software available
What is GIS Activity
• How do you envision GIS being used in
your job area (department, center, field)?
ArcGIS Software
ArcMap
ArcCatalog
ArcGIS ArcMap Startup
ArcGIS ArcMap Data Frame
Editor Toolbar
Menu Bar
Standard
Toolbar
Tools
Toolbar
Table of Contents/
Data Sources/
Selection/
Visibility Pane
(Right Click)
Context Menu
Data Frame/
Layout Toggle
ArcGIS ArcMap Table of Contents Pane
Toggle Table of Contents/
Data Sources/
Selection/
Visibility Pane
Turn layers
On/off with
checkbox
Change layer
Drawing order
By moving up/down
ArcGIS ArcMap Toolbars
ArcGIS ArcMap Attribute Table
ArcGIS Add Data
• You can add pre-map web basemaps from this
button, before you browse to local data
• “ Connect To Folder” to connect to data
outside of home directory. After you’ve
entered the Add Data dialog, you must click
the Connect To Folder button to browse to
that location
ArcGIS Activity
• Download and extract the data
from http://www.udel.edu/002013
• Open
• Add all data layers to map
• Rename “us_counties” to “Counties”
• Explore Counties map layer attribute table
ArcGIS Symbology
ArcGIS ArcMap Layout Frame
Insert Menu
Layout Frame
Data/Layout
Toggle
Layout Toolbar
ArcGIS Export Image, Print, and Saving
• You can “Export Map” to an image file or
“Print” from the File menu.
• You can save the map document, which
contains pointers to your data and your
map styles, by selecting “Save” from the
File menu. If your system changes your
data may not be located.
ArcGIS Activity
• Change symbology of Counties layer to
show ratio of Female (Value) to Male
(Normalization) population.
• Switch to the layout frame. Experiment
with adding map elements (you may want
to try a title or a legend, for instance).
• Export the map as a graphic. .png is best.
• Save work.
• If you have extra time, try experimenting
with different symbologies and improving
your layout
ArcGIS Identify
ArcGIS Selection Tools
ArcGIS Setting Selectable Layers
•Indicate which layers you want to be
able to select features from interactively
by viewing TOC as List by Selection
•Toggle layers as Selectable or Not
Selectable by clicking
•Displays selectable layers and number
of features selected (in this example,
zero for all layers)
ArcGIS Calculating Statistics
ArcGIS Activity
• Select by Attribute, from Counties, name =
‘New Castle’
• Select by Location, select where
intersecting selection (New Castle)
• Find statistics of selection (counties
intersecting New Castle)
• If you have extra time, try this activity on a
county that interests you and compare the
results
ArcGIS Join
• Add your non-GIS data file. It might be saved
as a spreadsheet file
• Right-click on the GIS layer with a common
location field as the non-GIS (e.g., state name)
from data Joins and Relates, Join.
• Select the common fields from the Join dialog
• Now that the data is joined, you can change
the symbology to switch to one of your new
fields
ArcGIS Export Data
•You can select a feature or a set of features to
export only those to a new shapefile/layer
• Export data from the Data contextual menu on
the layer of interest
ArcGIS Activity
• Remove all layers
• Add a basemap from the Add Layers button
• Add non-georeferenced location-based data
(westNile.csv) to the map
• Add a related GIS layer to the map
• Do a standard join
• Export as a new shapefile
• If you have extra time, try with your own data
from the web or try an improved layout to
print or export
ArcGIS Gotchas
• The map document (.mxd) file does not contain your data! It just
references it
• A shapefile is really a collection of files that must be kept together
• Make a new folder for every new project. Keep all map documents and
data in this directory. This is a good way to stay organized and ArcGIS’s
internal shortcuts will be automatically relevant.
• Create a file geodatabase in the project folder. Make this the default
geodatabase for this map document and all subsequent for the project.
Otherwise your new layers will be written to Default.gdb which gets
cluttered and data may be lost on a shared system
• Do not use spaces or other special characters (except the underscore
character) when naming any file or folder. I recommend you use lowercase letters, digits and the underscore character only!
• Under File--Map Document properties, check the "Store Relative
Pathnames" box. Then when you end a work session, you can "save" the
state of your session as a Map Document (MXD) file on your USB drive.
• New data frame automatically matches first layer  subsequent layers
usually reprojected
In part, from http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/apec480/480lab1.html
Review Activity
• Real-world examples of vector data?
• Real-world examples of raster data?
• Example of how you would use the Select by
Attributes tool to solve a problem
• Example of how you would use the Select by
Location tool to solve a problem
• Do you have data that you’d like to view in a
map that isn’t GIS data?
• How could the statistics tool be used to solve
a problem?
To learn more
• Tooltips
• ArcGIS Help menu
• www.udel.edu/gis/learn
– Esri Virtual Campus
• http://resources.arcgis.com/
Questions?
• www.udel.edu/gis
• [email protected]
thanks to FEMA for allowing us to reuse some slide content